Introduction
Like so many others, our developers were taken in with the look and feel of the TextBox's ReadOnly property. Compared to a disabled TextBox, it is legible yet conveys a change in the state of the control. You cannot change its value but if needed you can copy the text out of it. Since the ComboBox is an enhanced TextBox, it was natural to look for a ReadOnly property, but as you all know, it's not there. Oh, but it is there. It's not exposed in the Framework but it lies underneath and can be accessed with a single line of code. Well... sort of.
The essence of giving the look and feel of the ReadOnly property does take one line of code, but plugging the holes around it takes a few more. There are a couple of other articles here on The Code Project by Dan Anatoli and Claudio Grazioli that create the look of a ReadOnly state and some of its feel, but their solutions didn't give me what I expected in a read only ComboBox. What I expected was that it should still present the dropdown list in case the user wanted to see what the other selections were. It should allow copying text out of the box either with a Ctrl+C key press or by using a right click context menu. Of course, when in ReadOnly mode, it should not allow a change.
A Single Line of Code
I love surfing the newsgroups in Google, looking for solutions to a problem. The hunt began for that magic combination of search words that will lead me to a post where someone will give me a single line of code that will do my bidding. Some little known property or method I can call that will open the door to the prize that I seek. In this case, it started out looking like it might be that simple.
SendMessage(GetWindow(Me.Handle, GW_CHILD), _
EM_SETREADONLY, Value, 0)
You can interact with Windows controls by sending messages to them. These messages are documented on MSDN. In the case of the ComboBox, you can send it the EM_SETREADONLY message. As soon as you do, the TextBox portion of the control looks and acts just like you'd expect; the color changes, you can't type in the box anymore, you can't paste into it, you can't use any of the editing keys, but... (and this is a big but) the ListBox portion of the control doesn't know a thing about what you have just done. It still allows you to select new values, changing the text in the box and the selected index of the list. This is where you have to start plugging the holes.
Plugging the Holes
There are four holes that are left after the TextBox within the combo has been placed in the ReadOnly state. They are:
- Drop down list mouse selections
- Undo in the right mouse button context menu
- Using cursor keys to select from the list
- Bringing up the list with repeated F4 presses
Drop Down List Mouse Selections
I wanted the user to be able to view the list even if she or he could not change the selection. There were two things that happen when you click on an item in the list. It changes the text in the text box and it changes the SelectedIndex. To stop the text from being changed I found that if I intercepted Windows message 273 when in a dropped down state, that would keep the text from changing. Message 273 also caused the list to be pulled up. So I had to send a message to the combo to tell it to bring up the list.
Protected Overrides Sub WndProc(_
ByRef m As System.Windows.Forms.Message)
If _ReadOnly AndAlso _DroppedDown Then
If m.Msg = 273 Then
_DroppedDown = False
SendMessage(Me.Handle, CB_SHOWDROPDOWN, _
System.Convert.ToInt32(False), 0)
Exit Sub
End If
End If
MyBase.WndProc(m)
End Sub
That stopped the text from changing but not the SelectedIndex. To handle that, I had to take control of the SelectedIndex property. When message 273 is absorbed in the WndProc override the OnSelectedIndexChanged method is not called. By saving the value of SelectedIndex locally, I can have the last selected value to pass back in a shadowed SelectedIndex property. I had to shadow the property or else the OnSelectedIndexChanged method would not get called.
Protected Overrides Sub OnSelectedIndexChanged(_
ByVal e As System.EventArgs)
_SelectedIndex = MyBase.SelectedIndex
MyBase.OnSelectedIndexChanged(e)
End Sub
Public Shadows Property SelectedIndex() As Integer
Get
Return _SelectedIndex
End Get
Set(ByVal Value As Integer)
_SelectedIndex = Value
MyBase.SelectedIndex = Value
End Set
End Property
Undo in the Right Mouse Button Context Menu
The right click context menu of the TextBox has an undo option. If the user were to paste in a value or hand type a change, the undo option will be enabled in the context menu. If there was an undo in progress when the control was placed in a ReadOnly state, it would be possible to get around the ReadOnly and revert to the previous value. But luckily this was one of those one line wonders.
SendMessage(GetWindow(Me.Handle, _
GW_CHILD), EM_EMPTYUNDOBUFFER, Value, 0)
The SendMessage function causes the text box in the control to empty its undo buffer and disable the undo context menu selection. Next was the cursor keys.
Using Cursor Keys to Select from the List
Whether the list is dropped down or not, both the up and down cursor keys and the page up and down keys will allow you to change the selected value. This can be handled with a little override of the OnKeyDown method. Note that the Alt + Cursor Down key is allowed as it can be used to drop the list box.
Protected Overrides Sub OnKeyDown(_
ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventArgs)
If _ReadOnly Then
If e.KeyCode = Keys.Up OrElse _
e.KeyCode = Keys.PageUp OrElse _
e.KeyCode = Keys.PageDown OrElse _
(e.KeyCode = Keys.Down And _
((Me.ModifierKeys And Keys.Alt) <> Keys.Alt)) Then
e.Handled = True
End If
End If
MyBase.OnKeyDown(e)
End Sub
Bringing up the List with Repeated F4 Presses
Last was an odd bug in the ComboBox itself. If you press F4 the list will drop. If you press it again, it will bring up the list and fire the OnSelectedChangeCommitted event even though nothing has changed. Putting in the following code stops the event when the control is in the ReadOnly state. This does nothing for the inappropriate firing of the event when the control is writable.
Protected Overrides Sub OnSelectionChangeCommitted(_
ByVal e As System.EventArgs)
If _ReadOnly Then
Else
MyBase.OnSelectionChangeCommitted(e)
End If
End Sub
Using the Code
The code was written as a class that can be added into a class library, compiled, and added to the toolbox. When I first tried this class out on the other developers where I work, I named the control ReadOnlyComboBox. I was immediately assaulted with comments such as "Why would you want a ComboBox that can only be read?" and "What's the point of giving them a list if they can never change the value?" OK, so it's not a ComboBox that is ReadOnly. It's a ComboBox with a ReadOnly property. I resorted to the time honored technique of adding an "X" to the inherited class name. In the sample project it is named xboXComboBox. All of our controls are prefixed with a three character designation, then a significant name after that.
By the way, the ZIP file contains the source and a test project. You may need to build the solution before you can view the test form in the designer.
Summary
In putting this class together I thought I had something special. It wasn't large or complex but I did have to define a call to user32.dll and I did have to intercept and handle Windows messages. My understanding of Windows messages came from watching them and seeing what happened if I didn't pass them along. Does that make the code vulnerable? I don't think so. I look forward to your thoughts. So far our implementation has been successful and we are very pleased. It was great to find a way to interact with the underlying control and pull a few more horsepower out of it. For me, this was a more complete solution, handling all of the look and behavior that I expected from a ReadOnly property of a ComboBox.
History
- 09/08/05
- 08/14/06
- Ported from Visual Studio 2003 to Visual Studio 2005
- Added support for
DropDownStyle = DropDownList
- Added workaround for setting
SelectedIndex to -1 when data-bound, see KB327244
- 01/23/08
- Fixed bug which lost
DropDownStyle when ReadOnly set to true two times in a row
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