Width of text in italic font

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Introduction

Our purpose is to measure accurately the width of text written in italic font.

Using the code

The GetTextExtentPoint32 Win32 API function or the DrawText Win32 API function with the DT_CALCRECT flag, will -not- tell us the correct width of text in italic font, only the calculated height is correct. For most of the italic fonts, using these two functions, the calculated width is too narrow and the displayed text looks right-trimmed.

We could try using the GetCharABCWidths or GetCharABCWidthsFloat Win32 API functions. These functions will give us information about the underhang and the overhang of each character of the text we're interested in.

Please check these MSDN articles for more details about using the underhang and overhang values:

• INFO: Calculating Text Extents of Bold and Italic Text
• HOWTO: Mix Italic and Regular (Non-Italic) Text
• How To Fit Text in a Rectangle
• INFO: Using GetCharABCWidths() to Calculate Text Extents
• Character Widths

This updated version of the EXE includes a new checkbox, to see how adding the 'overhang of the last character' will help getting a more accurate result.

However, in this article, I am suggesting another approach:

1. Paint the text in black colour, in a memory device context filled with white colour, like this:

   SIZE sizeText;
   //Calculate the width of the text, by using the classic method
   GetTextExtentPoint32(hDCMem,szText,lstrlen(szText),&sizeText);
   
   //Calculate the width of the last character, as suggested by 'oupoi'
   SIZE sizeLastCharacter;
   GetTextExtentPoint32(hDCMem,&szText[-1+lstrlen(szText)],1,&sizeLastCharacter);
   
   //Set a bounding rectangle wide enough to fit the painted text
   RECT rect={0,0,sizeText.cx+sizeLastCharacter.cx,sizeText.cy};
   
   //Fill the background with white colour then paint the text in black colour
   FillRect(hDCMem,&rect,(HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH));
   DrawText(hDCMem,szText,-1,&rect, 
            DT_LEFT|DT_TOP|DT_SINGLELINE|DT_NOPREFIX);

2. Then, scan the colour of the pixels in the memory device context, from right-to-left, like this:

   int iXmax=0;
   BOOL bFound=FALSE;
   for(int x=rect.right-1; x>=0 && !bFound; x--)
   {
      for(int y=0; y<=rect.bottom-1 && !bFound; y++)
      {
         COLORREF rgbColor=GetPixel(hDCMem,x,y);
         if(rgbColor!=RGB(255,255,255))
         {
             //found a non-white pixel, save the horizontal position 
             //and exit the loops. Job finished.
             iXmax=x;
             bFound=TRUE;
         }
      }
   }
   
   //this is the width of the text painted in italic font!
   LONG lWidthOfText=iXmax+1;//+1 because we use 0-based indexes

A few comments:

• Painted text can be narrower than text calculated with GetTextExtentPoint32. See, for example, Verdana 12 Italic.
• In a dialog box, the edit controls have left/right and up/down margins to take into account. I have not used edit controls in this sample.
• In a dialog box, the label controls seem to be +1 pixel wider, unless the SS_SIMPLE style is used. See the image below.

History

• Version 1.0 [July 23, 2006] - Created.
• Version 1.1 [August 6, 2006] - New checkbox to see how adding the 'overhang of the last character' to the classic method of calculating the text width will help getting a more accurate result.

  Like this:

  SIZE sizeText; 
  GetTextExtentPoint32(hDCMem, szText, lstrlen(szText), &sizeText);
  LONG lWidthOfText= sizeText.cx;
                      
  ABCFLOAT WidthsABC[256];
  GetCharABCWidthsFloat(hDCMem, 0, 255, WidthsABC); 
  
  // overhang of the last character
  double dOverhangTrailing = WidthsABC[szText[lstrlen(szText)-1]].abcfC;
  
  if(dOverhangTrailing<0)
  {
     //if the overhang is negative then adjust 
     //the calculated width of the text
     lWidthOfText-=dOverhangTrailing;
  }

  But as already mentioned above, this article is suggesting another method, which doesn't require using any of these underhang and overhang values.

• Version 1.2 [August 17, 2006] - Adjustment to the right-to-left pixel colour scanning algorithm.

  Set the right-limit of the bounding rectangle to be scanned to just 'sizeText.cx+widthOfTheLastCharacter', as suggested by 'oupoi'.

  We now also have a new checkbox to test if using the Mihai Nita's trick will help getting a faster calculation and at the same time, of course, an accurate result.

  Unless I've made a mistake somewhere, I'm not satisfied by the precision of the result by using the Mihai Nita's trick.

  Like this:

  //fill with white
  FillRect(hDCMem,&rect,(HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH));
  
  // Added this by Mihai Nita - August 17, 2006
  // trick, set text background colour to black, before painting!
  SetBkColor(hDCMem,RGB(0,0,0)); 
  
  //reality shows that DrawText fails to properly 
  //paint the surrounding rectangle (??)
  DrawText(hDCMem,szText,-1, &rect, 
           DT_LEFT|DT_TOP|DT_SINGLELINE|DT_NOPREFIX);
  
  int iXmax=0;
  BOOL bFound=FALSE;
  int iYmed=(rect.bottom+rect.top)/2; // middle
  
  for(int x=rect.right-1;x>=0 && !bFound ;x--)
  {
    COLORREF rgbColor=GetPixel(hDCMem,x,iYmed);
    if(rgbColor!=RGB(255,255,255))
    {
      iXmax=x;
      bFound=TRUE;
    }
  }