Parse a PE (EXE, DLL, OCX Files ) and New Dependency Walker

Introduction

I am introducing a new dependency walker, with a new look, but my target is not to introduce a dependency walker in front of you, but rather to make you familiar with PE (Portable Executable) format. I hope all of you have heard about PE, it is nothing but our Windows Executable (EXE, DLL, OCX, etc.) which is actually inherited from COFF (Common Object File Format), which was used for object file and executable in UNIX.

With this article, I make you familiar with coding making your own dependency walker, so that you can customize and make your own dependency walker. More than that, you can learn about PE, and how to parse a PE file with simplicity. To explain more, I am attaching an application and source code named ExeInside.

Background

The term "Portable Executable" was chosen because the intent was to have a common file format for all versions of Windows, on all supported CPUs. To a large extent, this goal has been achieved with the same format used on Windows NT and descendants, Windows 95 and descendants, and Windows CE.

To get familiar with PE format, firstly get familiar with some of the data structures, which are used to manage the data inside an executable in Windows.

PE Headers
PE Sections
Imports
Exports
Resources
Closing

Using the Code

Let me introduce the data structures commonly used for coding with PE file format:

I am only explaining some of the data structures, if you need more information, you can refer to MSDN.

IMAGE_DOS_HEADER: Data structure holds the header of DOS, or simply the starting address from which we can take reference to get the content of a PE file.

IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER: The data structure holds the import and export address, it holds the starting address for import and export based on the offset.

_IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY: This data structure holds the export address, based on this address we can get the exported functions of PE file.

IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR: This data structure holds the import address, based on this address we can get the imported functions of PE file.

Examples are illustrated below:

// This code loads a Module (say a DLL) and its start address 
// is given as the base address of the DOS header.
HMODULE hMod;
hMod = LoadLibrary( lpctszModName_i )
IMAGE_DOS_HEADER* IDH = (IMAGE_DOS_HEADER*)hMod;

// This code get the optional header from DOS 
// header based on the offset from DOS header.
IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER* IOH = 
        (IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER*)((BYTE*)hMod + IDH->e_lfanew + 24);
 
// This code gets the import descriptor from the base 
// address by taking the offset of start address and address of       
// IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT, after getting IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR, 
// you can get the imported functions or ordinals.
IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR* IID = 
       (IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR*)((BYTE*)hMod + 
IOH->DataDirectory[ IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT].VirtualAddress);
 
// Same as above code below will give the Export information.
_IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY* pExportDescriptor = 
               (_IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY*)((BYTE*)hMod + 
  IOH->DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT].VirtualAddress);

Points of Interest

I am giving you a small example with an implementation that will surely help you understand how our dependency walker may have been coded, but never compare with it, just a overview. I cannot compare my code with the Mark E. Russinovich. Leave those things, this is my first article, and I will surely write a lot of articles only if it is helpful to you. If it is not worthy or if you have any suggestions, then please inform me. I am planning for more topics, if my Lord Allah allows me to write it.

History

This ExeInside Beta is an application written just to understand how a dependency walker works, and still I am trying to improve it more effectively, I will never say it's fully bug free, yet it tested up to some extent and it has some additional functionality like, you can specify a PE file (EXE, DLL, OCX) and specify a directory, it will search which PE files have dependency with the specified PE file.

Well I am expecting your cooperation to make it more better than ever.