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SendTo Mail Recipient

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31 Mar 20033 min read 395.1K   2K   45   120
Programmatically use the SendTo mail recipient shortcut
This article provides a code snippet in order to programmatically send one or more files to the mail recipient, mimicking the SendTo mail recipient shell extension. I have heard many people searching for this feature, and actually I thought that, as there doesn't seem to be such source code posted on the net, I could just as well post it.

Introducing the SendTo Mail Shortcut

You may skip this section if you are not interested in the r.e. technique.

The SendTo mail shortcut is a shell extension. See Mike Dunn's complete idiot guide for further information.

The trick is to find out that the SendTo mail recipient shortcut is actually essentially an empty file with .MAPIMAIL as (hidden) extension name. Then, by looking up file type association in the registry (HKCR\.MAPIMAIL), it's straight forward to figure out that it is targeting a COM object with clsid = {9E56BE60-C50F-11CF-9A2C-00A0C90A90CE}. This object is sendmail.dll, a COM helper which takes advantage of either Outlook Express or Outlook to send e-mail file attachments. Next, looking up this CLSID in OLE View clearly showed that the sendmail COM component also implements the IDropTarget, IShellExtInit and IPersistFile interfaces, just like any drop handler.

Ok, basically I need to prepare a bag with dropped filenames, make sure they can be retrieved by implementing the IDataObject interface, a simple communication interface, and then mimic a standard drag and drop sequence, with two check points : DragEnter(IDataObject*) and Drop(IDataObject*).

One of the interesting points is to start implementing the IDataObject interface starting with contract, i.e., the methods it is supposed to expose. And then cowardly insert a breakpoint into any default method implementation only to get to know whether it's called or not, and in what order.

If you are interested in mimicking other SendTo shortcuts, don't hesitate to check out this registry key: HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Shell Extensions\Approved.

IDataObject Implementation

The following code implements the IDataObject interface. In fact, only a few methods are required to be implemented. Those are, in order:

  • EnumFormatEtc() called by the sendmail helper to know what content formats the IDataObject is holding
  • IEnumFORMATETC::Next(),Reset() called to list all formats. We are expected to let the sendmail helper know that we do hold the CF_HDROP clipboard format (standard used for file drag-and-drop support), even if in fact we are not using the clipboard at all.
  • GetData() called to actually get the list of files we are willing to send.

Because on Windows file drag-and-drop operations rely on the CF_HDROP / DROPFILES structure, we simply prepare such a structure to play with. Here is the code :

C#
#include <windows.h>
#include <ole2.h>   // IDataObject
#include <shlobj.h> // DROPFILES
#include <tchar.h>  // TCHAR

class CDataObject : public IDataObject, IEnumFORMATETC
{
  // Members
protected:
  BOOL m_bReset;
  LPTSTR m_szFiles;
  int m_nLen;

    // Constructor
public:
  CDataObject(LPTSTR szFiles)
  {
    Reset();

    if (!szFiles)
    {
      m_szFiles = NULL;
      return;
    }

    // replace \n chars with \0 chars
    m_nLen = _tcslen(szFiles)+1;
    m_szFiles = new TCHAR[m_nLen];
    memcpy(m_szFiles, szFiles, m_nLen * sizeof(TCHAR));

    LPTSTR szTmp = m_szFiles;
    while ( szTmp=_tcschr(szTmp,'\n') )
      *szTmp++ = '\0';
  }

  virtual ~CDataObject()
  {
    delete [] m_szFiles;
  }

public:
  HRESULT __stdcall QueryInterface(REFIID iid, void** ppvObject)
  {
    *ppvObject = (IDataObject*) this;
    return S_OK;
  }

  ULONG __stdcall AddRef()
  {
    return 1;
  }
  ULONG __stdcall Release()
  {
    return 0;
  }

  // IDataObject implementation
  //
  HRESULT __stdcall GetData(FORMATETC* pFormatetc, STGMEDIUM* pmedium)
  {
    if (pFormatetc->cfFormat != CF_HDROP  || !pmedium)
      return S_FALSE;

    if (!m_szFiles)
      return S_FALSE; // make sure to set the files before

    pmedium->tymed = TYMED_HGLOBAL;

    // set DROPFILES structure
    HGLOBAL hglbCopy = ::GlobalAlloc(GMEM_MOVEABLE, 
                 sizeof(DROPFILES) + (m_nLen + 2) * sizeof(TCHAR)); 
    LPDROPFILES pDropFiles = (LPDROPFILES) ::GlobalLock(hglbCopy);
    pDropFiles->pFiles = sizeof(DROPFILES);
    pDropFiles->pt.x = pDropFiles->pt.y = 0;
    pDropFiles->fNC = TRUE;
    pDropFiles->fWide = FALSE; // ANSI charset
    LPTSTR lptstrCopy = (LPTSTR) pDropFiles;
    lptstrCopy += pDropFiles->pFiles;
    memcpy(lptstrCopy, m_szFiles, m_nLen * sizeof(TCHAR)); 
    lptstrCopy[m_nLen] =  '\0';    // null character 
    lptstrCopy[m_nLen+1] = '\0';    // null character 
    ::GlobalUnlock(hglbCopy); 

    pmedium->hGlobal = hglbCopy;
    pmedium->pUnkForRelease = NULL;

    return S_OK;
  }

  HRESULT __stdcall GetDataHere(FORMATETC* pFormatetc, STGMEDIUM* pmedium)
  {
    return S_OK;
  }

  HRESULT __stdcall QueryGetData(FORMATETC* pFormatetc)
  {
    return S_OK;
  }

  HRESULT __stdcall GetCanonicalFormatEtc(FORMATETC* pFormatetcIn, 
                                          FORMATETC* pFormatetcOut)
  {
    return S_OK;
  }

  HRESULT __stdcall SetData(FORMATETC* pFormatetc, 
                   STGMEDIUM* pmedium, BOOL fRelease)
  {
    return S_OK;
  }

  HRESULT __stdcall EnumFormatEtc(DWORD dwDirection, 
                        IEnumFORMATETC** ppenumFormatetc)
  {
    if (dwDirection==DATADIR_GET)
    {
      *ppenumFormatetc = this;
      return S_OK;
    }
    else
      return S_FALSE;
  }

  HRESULT __stdcall DAdvise(FORMATETC* pFormatetc, 
                            DWORD advf, 
                            IAdviseSink* pAdvSink, 
                            DWORD* pdwConnection)
  {
    return S_OK;
  }

  HRESULT __stdcall DUnadvise(DWORD dwConnection)
  {
    return S_OK;
  }

  HRESULT __stdcall EnumDAdvise(IEnumSTATDATA** ppenumAdvise)
  {
    return S_OK;
  }

  // IEnumFORMATETC implementation
  //
  HRESULT __stdcall Next( 
            /*[in]*/ ULONG celt,
            /*[out]*/ FORMATETC __RPC_FAR* rgelt,
            /*[out]*/ ULONG __RPC_FAR* pceltFetched)
  {
    if (!m_bReset) return S_FALSE;

    m_bReset = FALSE;

    FORMATETC fmt;
    fmt.cfFormat = CF_HDROP;
    fmt.dwAspect = DVASPECT_CONTENT;
    fmt.lindex = -1;
    fmt.ptd = NULL;
    fmt.tymed = TYMED_HGLOBAL;
    *rgelt = fmt; // copy struct
    if (pceltFetched) *pceltFetched = 1;

    return S_OK;
  }
        
  HRESULT __stdcall Skip(/*[in]*/ ULONG celt)
  {
    return S_FALSE;
  }
        
  HRESULT __stdcall Reset()
  {
    m_bReset = TRUE;
    return S_OK;
  }
        
  HRESULT __stdcall Clone( 
            /* [out] */ IEnumFORMATETC** ppenum)
  {
    return S_OK;
  }
};

Using It

And here is how to use it to send c:\346.jpg and c:\tmp\myfile.zip:

C#
::CoInitialize(NULL);

CDataObject cdobj("c:\\346.jpg\nC:\\tmp\\myfile.zip");
IDataObject *pDataObject = &cdobj;


IDropTarget *pDropTarget = NULL;

// create an instance, and mimic drag-and-drop
hr = ::CoCreateInstance( CLSID_SendMail,
                       NULL, CLSCTX_ALL,
                       IID_IDropTarget,
                       (void **)&pDropTarget);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
  POINTL pt = {0,0};
  DWORD dwEffect = 0;
  pDropTarget->DragEnter(pDataObject, MK_LBUTTON, pt, &dwEffect);
  pDropTarget->Drop(pDataObject, MK_LBUTTON, pt, &dwEffect);

  ::Sleep(6*1000);

  pDropTarget->Release();
}

::CoUninitialize();

To compile this code, you only need WIN32.

Why SendTo is Better than the mailto Trick

You could tell me that shell-executing a mailto URL is just as fine, and much simpler code in practice. Yes and no. Yes, it does so, and it can't be simpler since that's only one line of code (just remember to escape ASCII chars in the body with hex replacements of the form %0D, %20, ...).

No, it does not provide support for file attachment(s), which is why the SendTo shortcut comes handy. And there is more to it. The truth is that ::ShellExecute() cannot handle parameter strings over 2048 bytes, which means your e-mail body size cannot go beyond 2048 bytes. If you try to send a large e-mail, it will result in a GPF. At this point, you could replace ::ShellExecute with a well thought ::WinExec call, using the actual mailto command line declared in the registry and target the current e-mail client (for instance, "%ProgramFiles%\Outlook Express\msimn.exe" /mailurl:%1). But then the limitation is 32 KB. As a conclusion, there is no way to send e-mails larger than 32KB using the mailto protocol. The SendTo shortcut explained in this article is definitely the way to go !

History

  • 22nd March, 2003: First release
  • 1st April, 2003: Updated - Removal of the clipboard use (Chris Guzak)

License

This article has no explicit license attached to it, but may contain usage terms in the article text or the download files themselves. If in doubt, please contact the author via the discussion board below.

A list of licenses authors might use can be found here.


Written By
France France
Addicted to reverse engineering. At work, I am developing business intelligence software in a team of smart people (independent software vendor).

Need a fast Excel generation component? Try xlsgen.

Comments and Discussions

 
Questionenter a &quot;to:&quot; email address?? Pin
Anonymous19-Jun-03 9:51
Anonymous19-Jun-03 9:51 
GeneralWinXP Pin
GregSmithAuto12-Jun-03 17:50
GregSmithAuto12-Jun-03 17:50 
GeneralI can't use this code. Plz help. Pin
-=JoKeR=-22-May-03 10:00
-=JoKeR=-22-May-03 10:00 
Questionsend to email. How to set it for Outlook? Pin
gok16-May-03 13:27
professionalgok16-May-03 13:27 
AnswerRe: send to email. How to set it for Outlook? Pin
Stephane Rodriguez.16-May-03 17:57
Stephane Rodriguez.16-May-03 17:57 
QuestionVB6 DLL ? Pin
Carl03912-May-03 9:14
Carl03912-May-03 9:14 
AnswerRe: VB6 DLL ? Pin
johnnycrash17-Jul-03 13:24
johnnycrash17-Jul-03 13:24 
Generalmailto: and attachments Pin
David Crow8-Apr-03 5:30
David Crow8-Apr-03 5:30 
Maybe I misunderstood when you said that the mailto: protocol did not work with attachments, but I do know that the following does work:

mailto:name@company.com?subject=This is a test&attach="c:\boot.ini"
GeneralRe: mailto: and attachments Pin
Stephane Rodriguez.8-Apr-03 6:05
Stephane Rodriguez.8-Apr-03 6:05 
GeneralRe: mailto: and attachments Pin
David Crow8-Apr-03 7:35
David Crow8-Apr-03 7:35 
GeneralRe: mailto: and attachments Pin
Stephane Rodriguez.8-Apr-03 9:00
Stephane Rodriguez.8-Apr-03 9:00 
GeneralRe: mailto: and attachments Pin
David Crow8-Apr-03 9:04
David Crow8-Apr-03 9:04 
GeneralRe: mailto: and attachments Pin
john_bechel11-Apr-03 7:26
john_bechel11-Apr-03 7:26 
GeneralRe: mailto: and attachments Pin
David Crow11-Apr-03 7:35
David Crow11-Apr-03 7:35 
GeneralMFC implementation Pin
Bart D2-Apr-03 1:46
Bart D2-Apr-03 1:46 
GeneralMFC implementation Pin
Bart D2-Apr-03 1:56
Bart D2-Apr-03 1:56 
GeneralRe: MFC implementation Pin
Aisha Ikram2-Apr-03 2:00
Aisha Ikram2-Apr-03 2:00 
GeneralRe: MFC implementation Pin
Stephane Rodriguez.2-Apr-03 2:43
Stephane Rodriguez.2-Apr-03 2:43 
GeneralMAPI Pin
RichardGrimmer1-Apr-03 23:19
RichardGrimmer1-Apr-03 23:19 
GeneralRe: MAPI Pin
Stephane Rodriguez.2-Apr-03 0:24
Stephane Rodriguez.2-Apr-03 0:24 
GeneralCan't get this to work! Pin
Shmarya31-Mar-03 23:40
Shmarya31-Mar-03 23:40 
GeneralRe: Can't get this to work! Pin
Shmarya1-Apr-03 0:32
Shmarya1-Apr-03 0:32 
GeneralRe: Can't get this to work! Pin
Stephane Rodriguez.1-Apr-03 0:46
Stephane Rodriguez.1-Apr-03 0:46 
GeneralRe: Can't get this to work! Pin
Shmarya1-Apr-03 0:49
Shmarya1-Apr-03 0:49 
GeneralRe: Can't get this to work! Pin
Stephane Rodriguez.1-Apr-03 11:03
Stephane Rodriguez.1-Apr-03 11:03 

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