This is an article for everyone who does not want to spend hours messing around with the AVIFile functions, if he only wants to read or change a simple AVI video. I have wrapped the most important AVIFile functions into three easy to use C# classes that can handle the following tasks:
These features cover the common use cases like creating a video from a couple of images and a wave sound, extracting the sound track from a video, cutting out short clips, or grabbing a single picture from a movie.
This article has got two sections:
The Explore tab lets you explore an AVI file, and offers simple tasks that don't need editable streams:
At the top of the form, you can choose the AVI file you want to explore. text.avi from the test data folder is pre-selected. On the left side, you can display header information about the video and the wave sound stream (if available). Also, you can see image frames from the video in a PictureBox:
The images are read by a VideoStream object. GetFrameOpen prepares the stream for decompressing frames, GetFrameClose releases the resources used to decompress the frame, and GetBitmap decompresses a frame and converts it to a System.Drawing.Bitmap.
AviManager aviManager = new AviManager(txtAviFileName.Text, true);
VideoStream aviStream = aviManager.GetVideoStream();
aviStream.GetFrameOpen();
picFrame.Image =
aviStream.GetBitmap(Convert.ToInt32(numPosition.Value));
aviStream.GetFrameClose();
aviManager.Close();
In the middle of the demo form, you can work with whole streams:
Decompress removes the compression from a video stream. It creates a new file and video stream, decompresses each frame from the old stream, and writes it into the new stream. The result is a large new .avi file with the same video but no compression.
Compress changes the compression of the video, or applies compression to an uncompressed video. It does the same as Uncompress, but compresses the new stream. These two functions use the same method CopyFile:
private void CopyFile(String newName, bool compress){
//open compressed file
AviManager aviManager =
new AviManager(txtAviFileName.Text, true);
VideoStream aviStream = aviManager.GetVideoStream();
//create un-/re-compressed file
AviManager newManager =
aviStream.DecompressToNewFile(newName, compress);
//close compressed file
aviManager.Close();
//save and close un-/re-compressed file
newManager.Close();
}
Whenever an instance of VideoStream creates a compressed stream, it asks you for a codec and settings:
Extract Bitmaps splits the video into many separate bitmap files:
VideoStream stream = aviManager.GetVideoStream();
stream.GetFrameOpen();
String path = @"..\..\testdata\";
for(int n=0; n<stream.CountFrames; n++){
stream.ExportBitmap(n, path+n.ToString()+".bmp");
}
stream.GetFrameClose();
Of course, you can save the images in any format. ExportBitmap is just a shortcut for these three lines:
Bitmap bmp = stream.GetBitmap(position);
bmp.Save(FileName);
bmp.Dispose();
Extract Video copies the whole video stream into a new AVI file. You can use it to get rid of all the other streams like MIDI, text and Wave sound.
The lower box deals with Wave sound. Extract Sound copies the whole sound stream into a Wave file. This is not a big task, it requires only four lines of code:
AviManager aviManager =
new AviManager(txtAviFileName.Text, true);
AudioStream audioStream = aviManager.GetWaveStream();
audioStream.ExportStream( @"..\..\testdata\sound.wav" );
aviManager.Close();
Extract a few Seconds lets you copy video and sound between second X and second Y. First, a CopyForm dialog lets you enter X and Y, then these parts are cut out of the video and sound streams:
AviManager aviManager = new AviManager(txtAviFileName.Text, true);
VideoStream aviStream = aviManager.GetVideoStream();
CopyForm dialog = new CopyForm(0,
aviStream.CountFrames / aviStream.FrameRate);
if (dialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) {
int startSecond = dialog.Start;
int stopSecond = dialog.Stop;
AviManager newFile = aviManager.CopyTo(
"..\\..\\testdata\\video.avi", startSecond, stopSecond);
newFile.Close();
}
aviManager.Close();
Add Sound lets you choose a .wav file, and adds it to the video. You can use this feature to add a sound track to a silent video, for example, re-add the sound to a video extracted with Extract Video. Adding sound is a simple task of three lines:
String fileName = GetFileName("Sounds (*.wav)|*.wav");
if(fileName != null){
AviManager aviManager =
new AviManager(txtAviFileName.Text, true);
aviManager.AddAudioStream(fileName);
aviManager.Close();
}
The last set of functions is about creating new video streams. Enter a list of image files in the box and animate them:
Create uncompressed builds a new video from the images, and saves it without any compression. Create and Compress does the same, except that it displays the compression settings dialog and compresses the images. Both methods create a new file, and pass a sample bitmap to AddVideoStream. The sample bitmap is used to set the format of the new stream. Then, all the images from the list are added to the video.
//load the first image
Bitmap bitmap = (Bitmap)Image.FromFile(txtFileNames.Lines[0]);
//create a new AVI file
AviManager aviManager =
new AviManager(@"..\..\testdata\new.avi", false);
//add a new video stream and one frame to the new file
VideoStream aviStream =
aviManager.AddVideoStream(true, 2, bitmap);
Bitmap bitmap;
int count = 0;
for(int n=1; n<txtFileNames.Lines.Length; n++){
if(txtFileNames.Lines[n].Trim().Length > 0){
bitmap =
(Bitmap)Bitmap.FromFile(txtFileNames.Lines[n]);
aviStream.AddFrame(bitmap);
bitmap.Dispose();
count++;
}
}
aviManager.Close();
Add Frames appends the images to the existing video stream. To an uncompressed video stream, we could append frames by simply opening the stream and adding frames as usual. But a compressed stream cannot be re-compressed. AVIStreamWrite - used by AddFrame - would not return any error; but anyway, it would add the new frames uncompressed and produce nothing but strangely colored pixel storms. To add frames to a compressed stream, the existing frames must be decompressed and added to a new compressed stream. Then the additional frames can be added to that stream:
//open file
Bitmap bmp = (Bitmap)Image.FromFile(txtFileNames.Lines[0]);
AviManager aviManager =
new AviManager(txtAviFileName.Text, true);
VideoStream aviStream = aviManager.GetVideoStream();
//streams cannot be edited - copy to a new file
AviManager newManager = aviStream.DecompressToNewFile(
@"..\..\testdata\temp.avi", true);
aviStream = newManager.GetOpenStream(0);
//add images
Bitmap bitmap;
for(int n=0; n<txtFileNames.Lines.Length; n++){
if(txtFileNames.Lines[n].Trim().Length > 0){
bitmap =
(Bitmap)Bitmap.FromFile(txtFileNames.Lines[n]);
aviStream.AddFrame(bitmap);
bitmap.Dispose();
}
}
aviManager.Close(); //close old file
newManager.Close(); //save and close new file
//delete old file, replace with new file
System.IO.File.Delete(txtAviFileName.Text);
System.IO.File.Move(@"..\..\testdata\temp.avi",
txtAviFileName.Text);
Now that you know how to use the AVIFile wrapper classes, let's have a look at the background.
The Edit tab demonstrates tasks for editable AVI streams, like pasting frames at any position in the stream, or changing the frame rate:
When you have chosen a file to edit, an editable stream is created from the video stream, and the editor buttons become enabled. A normal video stream is locked; for inserting and deleting frames, you need an editable stream:
AviManager file = new AviManager(fileName, true);
VideoStream stream = file.GetVideoStream();
EditableVideoStream editableStream =
new EditableVideoStream(stream);
file.Close();
On the left side, you can copy or cut frame sequences, and paste them at another position in the same stream:
Copying frames from one stream, and pasting them into another or the same stream, is only two lines of code:
//copy frames
IntPtr copiedData = editableStream.Copy(start, length);
//insert frames
editableStream.Paste(copiedData, 0, position, length);
There is no other method for deleting frames than just cut and forget them:
//cut and paste frames
IntPtr copiedData = editableStream.Cut(start, length);
editableStream.Paste(copiedData, 0, position, length);
//delete frames == cut without paste
IntPtr deletedData = editableStream.Cut(start, length);
In the middle of the dialog, you can insert frames from image files anywhere in the stream, and change the frame rate to make the video play back slower or faster:
We can paste only streams, not bitmaps, so the bitmaps from the list are written into a temporary AVI file and then pasted as a stream:
//create temporary video file
String tempFileName = System.IO.Path.GetTempFileName() + ".avi";
AviManager tempFile = new AviManager(tempFileName, false);
//write the new frames into the temporary video stream
Bitmap bitmap =
(Bitmap)Image.FromFile(txtNewFrameFileName.Lines[0].Trim());
tempFile.AddVideoStream(false, 1, bitmap);
VideoStream stream = tempFile.GetVideoStream();
for (int n=1; n<txtNewFrameFileName.Lines.Length; n++) {
if (txtNewFrameFileName.Lines[n].Trim().Length > 0) {
stream.AddFrame(
(Bitmap)Image.FromFile(txtNewFrameFileName.Lines[n]));
}
}
//paste the video into the editable stream
editableStream.Paste(stream, 0,
(int)numPastePositionBitmap.Value, stream.CountFrames);
Do you find your video too slow, or too fast? Tell the player application to play more/less frames per second:
Avi.AVISTREAMINFO info = editableStream.StreamInfo;
info.dwRate = (int)(numFrameRate.Value * 10000);
info.dwScale = 10000;
editableStream.SetInfo(info);
The last box is not for editing, it is only a preview player. You should preview your editable stream before saving it to an AVI file.
A preview player is easy to implement, you only need a PictureBox and the video stream you want to play. A label displaying the current frame index can be helpful, too. A start button, a stop button, and there you are:
private void btnPlay_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
player = new AviPlayer(editableStream,
pictureboxPreview, labelFrameIndex);
player.Stopped += new System.EventHandler(player_Stopped);
player.Start();
SetPreviewButtonsState();
}
private void player_Stopped(object sender, EventArgs e) {
btnPlay.Invoke(
new SimpleDelegate(SetPreviewButtonsState));
}
private void SetPreviewButtonsState() {
btnPlay.Enabled = ! player.IsRunning;
btnStop.Enabled = player.IsRunning;
}
private void btnStop_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
player.Stop();
}
AviManger manages the streams in an AVI file. The constructor takes the name of the file and opens it. Close closes all opened streams and the file itself. You can add new streams with AddVideoStream and AddAudioStream. New video streams are empty, Wave streams can only be created from Wave files. After you have created an empty video stream, use the methods of VideoStream to fill it. But what actually happens when you add a stream?
There are two methods for creating a new video stream: create from a sample bitmap, or create from explicit format information. Both methods do the same, they pass their parameter on to VideoStream and add the new stream to the internal list of opened streams, to close them before closing the file:
public VideoStream AddVideoStream(
bool isCompressed, //display the compression dialog,
// create a compressed stream
int frameRate, //frames per second
int frameSize, //size of one frame in bytes
int width, int height, PixelFormat format //format of
//the bitmaps
){
VideoStream stream = new VideoStream(
aviFile,
isCompressed,
frameRate,
frameSize,
width, height, format);
streams.Add(stream);
return stream;
}
public VideoStream AddVideoStream(
bool isCompressed, //display the compression dialog,
// create a compressed stream
int frameRate, //frames per second
Bitmap firstFrame //get the format from this image
// and add it to the new stream
){
VideoStream stream = new VideoStream(
aviFile,
isCompressed,
frameRate,
firstFrame);
streams.Add(stream);
return stream;
}
Then, VideoStream uses the format data to create a new stream. It calls AVIFileCreateStream and, if writeCompressed says so, AVIMakeCompressedStream:
public VideoStream(
int aviFile, //pointer to the file object
bool writeCompressed, //true: create compressed stream
int frameRate, //frames per second
...
){
//store format information
//...
//create the stream
CreateStream();
}
private void CreateStream(){
//fill stream information
Avi.AVISTREAMINFO strhdr = new Avi.AVISTREAMINFO();
strhdr.fccType = Avi.mmioStringToFOURCC("vids", 0);
strhdr.fccHandler = Avi.mmioStringToFOURCC("CVID", 0);
strhdr.dwScale = 1;
strhdr.dwRate = frameRate;
strhdr.dwSuggestedBufferSize = frameSize;
strhdr.dwQuality = -1; //default
strhdr.rcFrame.bottom = (uint)height;
strhdr.rcFrame.right = (uint)width;
strhdr.szName = new UInt16[64];
//create the stream
int result = Avi.AVIFileCreateStream(aviFile,
out aviStream, ref strhdr);
if(writeCompressed){
//create a compressed stream from
//the uncompressed stream
CreateCompressedStream();
}else{
//apply the format to the uncompressed stream
SetFormat(aviStream);
}
}
private void CreateCompressedStream(){
Avi.AVICOMPRESSOPTIONS_CLASS options =
new Avi.AVICOMPRESSOPTIONS_CLASS();
options.fccType = (uint)Avi.streamtypeVIDEO;
options.lpParms = IntPtr.Zero;
options.lpFormat = IntPtr.Zero;
//display the compression options dialog
Avi.AVISaveOptions(
IntPtr.Zero,
Avi.ICMF_CHOOSE_KEYFRAME | Avi.ICMF_CHOOSE_DATARATE,
1, ref aviStream, ref options);
//get a compressed stream
Avi.AVICOMPRESSOPTIONS structOptions =
options.ToStruct();
int result = Avi.AVIMakeCompressedStream(
out compressedStream,
aviStream,
ref structOptions, 0);
//format the compressed stream
SetFormat(compressedStream);
}
AVICOMPRESSOPTIONS_CLASS is the AVICOMPRESSOPTIONS structure as a class. Using classes instead of structures is the easiest way to deal with pointers to pointers. If you don't know what I'm talking about, you probably have never used AVISaveOptions or AVISaveV in .NET. Take a look at the original declaration:
BOOL AVISaveOptions(
HWND hwnd,
UINT uiFlags,
int nStreams,
PAVISTREAM * ppavi,
LPAVICOMPRESSOPTIONS * plpOptions
);
LPAVICOMPRESSOPTIONS is a pointer to a pointer to an AVICOMPRESSOPTIONS structure. In C#, structures are passed by value. If you pass a structure by ref, a pointer to the structure is passed. Instances of classes are always passed to methods as pointers. So a class-parameter by ref means a pointer to a pointer to the object. The C# declarations of AVISaveOptions and AVICOMPRESSOPTIONS are:
[DllImport("avifil32.dll")]
public static extern bool AVISaveOptions(
IntPtr hwnd,
UInt32 uiFlags,
Int32 nStreams,
ref IntPtr ppavi,
ref AVICOMPRESSOPTIONS_CLASS plpOptions
);
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack=1)]
public struct AVICOMPRESSOPTIONS {
public UInt32 fccType;
public UInt32 fccHandler;
public UInt32 dwKeyFrameEvery;
public UInt32 dwQuality;
public UInt32 dwBytesPerSecond;
public UInt32 dwFlags;
public IntPtr lpFormat;
public UInt32 cbFormat;
public IntPtr lpParms;
public UInt32 cbParms;
public UInt32 dwInterleaveEvery;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack=1)]
public class AVICOMPRESSOPTIONS_CLASS {
public UInt32 fccType;
public UInt32 fccHandler;
public UInt32 dwKeyFrameEvery;
public UInt32 dwQuality;
public UInt32 dwBytesPerSecond;
public UInt32 dwFlags;
public IntPtr lpFormat;
public UInt32 cbFormat;
public IntPtr lpParms;
public UInt32 cbParms;
public UInt32 dwInterleaveEvery;
public AVICOMPRESSOPTIONS ToStruct(){
AVICOMPRESSOPTIONS returnVar = new AVICOMPRESSOPTIONS();
returnVar.fccType = this.fccType;
returnVar.fccHandler = this.fccHandler;
returnVar.dwKeyFrameEvery = this.dwKeyFrameEvery;
returnVar.dwQuality = this.dwQuality;
returnVar.dwBytesPerSecond = this.dwBytesPerSecond;
returnVar.dwFlags = this.dwFlags;
returnVar.lpFormat = this.lpFormat;
returnVar.cbFormat = this.cbFormat;
returnVar.lpParms = this.lpParms;
returnVar.cbParms = this.cbParms;
returnVar.dwInterleaveEvery = this.dwInterleaveEvery;
return returnVar;
}
}
With this workaround, we are able to call AVISaveOptions and (later on) AVISaveV in C#. Now, the new stream can be filled with image frames using AddFrame:
public void AddFrame(Bitmap bmp){
bmp.RotateFlip(RotateFlipType.RotateNoneFlipY);
//lock the memory block
BitmapData bmpDat = bmp.LockBits(
new Rectangle(
0,0, bmp.Width, bmp.Height),
ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, bmp.PixelFormat);
//add the bitmap to the (un-)compressed stream
int result = Avi.AVIStreamWrite(
writeCompressed ? compressedStream : aviStream,
countFrames, 1,
bmpDat.Scan0,
(Int32)(bmpDat.Stride * bmpDat.Height),
0, 0, 0);
//unlock the memory block
bmp.UnlockBits(bmpDat);
//count the frames, so that we don't have to
//call AVIStreamLength for every new frame
countFrames++;
}
Now, we are able to fill an empty stream with images. But what can we do to add frames to an existing stream? Well, first, we have to open the stream with the third constructor.
public VideoStream(int aviFile, IntPtr aviStream){
this.aviFile = aviFile;
this.aviStream = aviStream;
//read the stream's format
Avi.BITMAPINFOHEADER bih = new Avi.BITMAPINFOHEADER();
int size = Marshal.SizeOf(bih);
Avi.AVIStreamReadFormat(aviStream, 0, ref bih, ref size);
Avi.AVISTREAMINFO streamInfo = GetStreamInfo(aviStream);
//store the important format values
this.frameRate = streamInfo.dwRate / streamInfo.dwScale;
this.width = (int)streamInfo.rcFrame.right;
this.height = (int)streamInfo.rcFrame.bottom;
this.frameSize = bih.biSizeImage;
this.countBitsPerPixel = bih.biBitCount;
//get the count of frames that are already there
int firstFrame = Avi.AVIStreamStart(aviStream.ToInt32());
countFrames =
firstFrame + Avi.AVIStreamLength(aviStream.ToInt32());
}
If you are sure the video stream is not compressed, you can call AddFrame now. Otherwise, you have to decompress the existing frames, and recompress them into a new stream:
public AviManager DecompressToNewFile(String fileName,
bool recompress){
//create a new AVI file
AviManager newFile = new AviManager(fileName, false);
//create a video stream in the new file
this.GetFrameOpen();
Bitmap frame = GetBitmap(0);
VideoStream newStream =
newFile.AddVideoStream(recompress, frameRate, frame);
//decompress each frame and add it to the new stream
for(int n=1; n<countFrames; n++){
frame = GetBitmap(n);
newStream.AddFrame(frame);
}
this.GetFrameClose();
return newFile;
}
DecompressToNewFile creates a writeable copy of the stream in a new file. You can add frames to this new stream, close the new AviManager to save it, and then add the sound stream from the old file to complete the copy. Adding frames to a video is not easy, but this way it works.
Sometimes, you might have a video file with sound, but you only need the silent video, or only the sound. It is not necessary to copy each frame, you can open the stream as usual and export it with AVISaveV. This works with all kinds of streams, only the compression options are different:
public override void ExportStream(String fileName){
Avi.AVICOMPRESSOPTIONS_CLASS opts =
new Avi.AVICOMPRESSOPTIONS_CLASS();
//for video streams
opts.fccType = (UInt32)Avi.mmioStringToFOURCC("vids", 0);
opts.fccHandler = (UInt32)Avi.mmioStringToFOURCC("CVID", 0);
//for audio streams
//opts.fccType = (UInt32)Avi.mmioStringToFOURCC("auds", 0);
//opts.fccHandler = (UInt32)Avi.mmioStringToFOURCC("CAUD", 0);
//export the stream
Avi.AVISaveV(fileName, 0, 0, 1, ref aviStream, ref opts);
}
Now, we are able to build a video from bitmaps, and extract sound from it. And how does the sound get into the file? We could use AVISaveV again, to combine the video and audio streams in a new file - but we don't have to. The easiest way to add a new audio stream is to open the Wave file as an AVI file with only one stream, and then copy that stream:
public void AddAudioStream(String waveFileName){
//open the wave file
AviManager audioManager =
new AviManager(waveFileName, true);
//get the wave sound as an audio stream...
AudioStream newStream = audioManager.GetWaveStream();
//...and add it to the file
AddAudioStream(newStream);
audioManager.Close();
}
public void AddAudioStream(AudioStream newStream){
Avi.AVISTREAMINFO streamInfo = new Avi.AVISTREAMINFO();
Avi.PCMWAVEFORMAT streamFormat = new Avi.PCMWAVEFORMAT();
int streamLength = 0;
//read header info, format and length,
//and get a pointer to the wave data
IntPtr waveData = newStream.GetStreamData(
ref streamInfo,
ref streamFormat,
ref streamLength);
//create new stream
IntPtr aviStream;
Avi.AVIFileCreateStream(aviFile, out aviStream,
ref streamInfo);
//add format new stream
Avi.AVIStreamSetFormat(
aviStream, 0,
ref streamFormat,
Marshal.SizeOf(streamFormat));
//copy the raw wave data into the new stream
Avi.AVIStreamWrite(
aviStream, 0,
streamLength,
waveData,
streamLength,
Avi.AVIIF_KEYFRAME, 0, 0);
Avi.AVIStreamRelease(aviStream);
}
I have added this method, because many people asked me how this could be done. To copy a part of the video stream from second X to second Y, the indices of the first and last frames have to be calculated from the frame rate and second. For the Wave stream, we must calculate the byte offsets from samples per second, bits per sample, and the requested seconds. The rest is only copy and paste:
public AviManager CopyTo(String newFileName,
int startAtSecond, int stopAtSecond) {
AviManager newFile = new AviManager(newFileName, false);
try {
//copy video stream
VideoStream videoStream = GetVideoStream();
int startFrameIndex =
videoStream.FrameRate * startAtSecond;
int stopFrameIndex =
videoStream.FrameRate * stopAtSecond;
videoStream.GetFrameOpen();
Bitmap bmp = videoStream.GetBitmap(startFrameIndex);
VideoStream newStream = newFile.AddVideoStream(
false,
videoStream.FrameRate,
bmp);
for (int n = startFrameIndex + 1;
n <= stopFrameIndex; n++) {
bmp = videoStream.GetBitmap(n);
newStream.AddFrame(bmp);
}
videoStream.GetFrameClose();
//copy audio stream
AudioStream waveStream = GetWaveStream();
Avi.AVISTREAMINFO streamInfo =
new Avi.AVISTREAMINFO();
Avi.PCMWAVEFORMAT streamFormat =
new Avi.PCMWAVEFORMAT();
int streamLength = 0;
IntPtr ptrRawData = waveStream.GetStreamData(
ref streamInfo,
ref streamFormat,
ref streamLength);
int startByteIndex = waveStream.CountSamplesPerSecond
* startAtSecond
* waveStream.CountBitsPerSample / 8;
int stopByteIndex = waveStream.CountSamplesPerSecond
* stopAtSecond
* waveStream.CountBitsPerSample / 8;
ptrRawData =
new IntPtr(ptrRawData.ToInt32() + startByteIndex);
byte[] rawData =
new byte[stopByteIndex - startByteIndex];
Marshal.Copy(ptrRawData, rawData, 0, rawData.Length);
streamInfo.dwLength = rawData.Length;
streamInfo.dwStart = 0;
IntPtr unmanagedRawData =
Marshal.AllocHGlobal(rawData.Length);
Marshal.Copy(rawData, 0, unmanagedRawData,
rawData.Length);
newFile.AddAudioStream(unmanagedRawData,
streamInfo,
streamFormat,
rawData.Length);
} catch (Exception ex) {
newFile.Close();
throw ex;
}
return newFile;
}
If you are still interested in AVI videos, download the wrapper library and the demo application. Finally, I dare to say: have fun with AVIFile!
Adding frames to an existing stream does not work with all video codecs and/or bitmaps. You might get a StackOverflowException or broken frames. If you find out why this happens, please let me know.
AviManager.CopyTo.
EditableVideoStream and AviPlayer, and a few memory leaks fixed.
VideoStream.GetBitmap.
VideoStream.GetFrameOpen, new property VideoStream.FirstFrame. Thanks a lot to Michael Covington! | You must Sign In to use this message board. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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