Painter Program

Introduction

This program demonstrates how to draw on the client area, it also demonstrates how to use the mouse messages. I think the best way to learn programming is programming, so, let's begin our program now.

The drawing flags

The user chooses a drawing tool to draw. For example when the user wants to draw a line, he chooses a line tool. So, we must know which tool the user has selected, the bDrawFlag for free drawing, bLineFlag for the line, bRectangleFlag for the rectangle, bEllipseFlag for the ellipse, and bFillFlag if the user wants to fill the shape with color.

When the user clicks on a point, (Anchor), and draws the mouse pointer to a point (DrawTo), and we have the bLineFlag = TRUE, we can easily draw the line when the user releases the mouse button.

Lets begin now to build the program. Use AppWizard, in the File menu, choose New, choose MFC AppWizard (exe), and write the project name (Painter) in the Project name text box. Then in the MFC AppWizard-Step1 Dialog box, choose Single document and click Finish.

In the class view, double click on the CPainterView class, the PainterView.h file will be opened. You can see the CPainterView class declaration. Add these variables and MakeAllFlagsFalse() method in the protected section in the class declaration:

class CPainterView : public CView
{
.
.
protected:
    CPoint Anchor;
    CPoint DrawTo;
    CPoint OldPoint; 
    BOOL bDrawFlag; 
    BOOL bLineFlag; 
    BOOL bRectangleFlag; 
    BOOL bEllipseFlag; 
    BOOL bFillFlag; 
    void MakeAllFlagsFalse(); 
.
.
};

These variables when they initialized, there values are FALSE. But we need to make them all FALSE if one of them is changed by the MakeALlFlagsFalse() method, we can simply write this method like this:

void CPainterView::MakeAllFlagsFalse()
{
    bDrawFlag = FALSE; 
    bLineFlag = FALSE; 
    bRectangleFlag = FALSE; 
    bEllipseFlag = FALSE; 
    bFillFlag = FALSE; 
}

Then we must call this method in the CPainterView class constructor:

CPainterView::CPainterView()
{
    // TODO: add construction code here

    MakeAllFlagsFalse(); 
}

Building the tools bar and the menu

In the recourses view, double click the menu, and double click the IDR_MAINFRAME, add new menu, call it Tools, give this menu five items, as illustrated bellow:

Then add 5 buttons in the tool bar. Every time you add a button in the tool bar, the editor adds a blank button in the end of the tool bar, as illustrated bellow:

Finally, connect these buttons to the menu items. Double click on the buttons on the tool bar, the Toolbar Button Properties dialog box will be shown as illustrated bellow. For example, in the ID assign ID_TOOLS_RECTANGLE for the rectangle button.

You must do the same for all the toolbar buttons.

The interface between the flags and the drawing tools

Open the class wizard, (CTRL+w), in the class name choose CPaintView, in the object ID's choose ID_TOOLS_DRAWFREEHAND, in the messages, choose command, and click add function button, then click edit code. The Class Wizard will add the OnToolsDrawfreehand() function.

Add the following code to OnToolsDrawfreehand():

void CPainterView::OnToolsDrawfreehand() 
{
    MakeAllFlagsFalse(); 
    bDrawFlag = TRUE;     
}

Do the same for the following IDs:

• ID_TOOLS_ELLIPSE
• ID_TOOLS_FILLFIGURE
• ID_TOOLS_LINE
• ID_TOOLS_RECTANGLE

And add the following code to there functions:

void CPainterView::OnToolsEllipse() 
{
    MakeAllFlagsFalse(); 
    bEllipseFlag = TRUE; 
}

void CPainterView::OnToolsFillfigure() 
{
    MakeAllFlagsFalse(); 
    bFillFlag = TRUE; 
}

void CPainterView::OnToolsLine() 
{
    MakeAllFlagsFalse(); 
    bLineFlag = TRUE; 
}

void CPainterView::OnToolsRectangle() 
{
    MakeAllFlagsFalse(); 
    bRectangleFlag = TRUE; 
}

Draw check mark on the menu items

Open the class wizard, choose the CPaintView class in the class name, in the ID's choose ID_TOOLS_DRAWFREEHAND, in the message choose UPDATE_COMMAND_UI, then press add function, and edit code, add this code to the OnUpdateToolsDrawFreehand function:

void CPainterView::OnUpdateToolsDrawfreehand(CCmdUI* pCmdUI) 
{
    pCmdUI->SetCheck(bDrawFlag);     
}

Do the same for the other IDs, and add the following code to their functions:

00
void CPainterView::OnUpdateToolsEllipse(CCmdUI* pCmdUI) 
{
    pCmdUI->SetCheck(bEllipseFlag);     
}

void CPainterView::OnUpdateToolsFillfigure(CCmdUI* pCmdUI) 
{
    pCmdUI->SetCheck(bFillFlag);     
}

void CPainterView::OnUpdateToolsLine(CCmdUI* pCmdUI) 
{
    pCmdUI->SetCheck(bLineFlag);     
}

void CPainterView::OnUpdateToolsRectangle(CCmdUI* pCmdUI) 
{
    pCmdUI->SetCheck(bRectangleFlag);     
}

The mouse events

When the user clicks on the left button on the drawing area, WM_LBUTTON message will be sent, we can add a message handler for this message, in the class wizard. Be sure that the CPaintView class has been chosen in the class name, in the object ID's, choose CPaintView. In the message, scroll till you find the WM_LBUTTONDOWN, and press add function, and edit code. Add the following code to the function handler for the WM_LBUTTONDOWN message:

void CPainterView::OnLButtonDown(UINT nFlags, CPoint point) 
{
    Anchor.x = point.x; 
    Anchor.y = point.y; 
.
.
}

The OnLButtonDown takes the point parameter, this parameter is a CPoint class, it saves the point that the user clicked.

Drawing Lines

When the user releases the mouse button, he creates a DrawTo point, and we must register this point. When the user releases the left mouse button, WM_LBUTTONUP message will be sent. Open the class wizard to add a function handler for the WM_LBUTTONUP message as illustrated before, add the following code to the message handler:

void CPainterView::OnLButtonUp(UINT nFlags, CPoint point) 
{
DrawTo.x = point.x; 
    DrawTo.y = point.y;
.
.
}

It also has the same parameter, CPoint point.

Drawing lines

How can we get the device context? We can get it by the CClientDC class which is inherited from the CDC class. Add the following code to the OnLButtonUp message handler:

void CPainterView::OnLButtonUp(UINT nFlags, CPoint point) 
{
DrawTo.x = point.x; 
    DrawTo.y = point.y; 

    CClientDC* pDC = new CClientDC(this);
.
.
}

The this points to the current object.

Then we must check the bLineFlag. If bLineFlag is TRUE, we are ready to draw the line by moving to the Anchor point (the point that the user clicked on), then we draw the line to the DrawTo point:

void CPainterView::OnLButtonUp(UINT nFlags, CPoint point) 
{
.
.
    CClientDC* pDC = new CClientDC(this); 

    if(bLineFlag){
        pDC->MoveTo(Anchor.x, Anchor.y); 
        pDC->LineTo(DrawTo.x, DrawTo.y);
    }
.
.
}

Drawing rectangles

Drawing rectangles is easy, by checking the bRectangleFlag and adding this code:

void CPainterView::OnLButtonUp(UINT nFlags, CPoint point) 
{
.
.
    if(bLineFlag){
        pDC->MoveTo(Anchor.x, Anchor.y); 
        pDC->LineTo(DrawTo.x, DrawTo.y);
}    
If(bRectangleFlag){
        pDC->SelectStockObject(NULL_BRUSH); 
        pDC->Rectangle(Anchor.x, Anchor.y, DrawTo.x, DrawTo.y);
    }
.
.
}

That will draw a transparent rectangle, because we selected the NULL_BRUSH in the SelectStockObject.

Add the following code in the OnLButtonUp handler to draw ellipses:

.
.
if(bEllipseFlag){
        pDC->SelectStockObject(NULL_BRUSH); 
        pDC->Ellipse(Anchor.x, Anchor.y, DrawTo.x, DrawTo.y); 
        }
.
.

Filling the shapes with color

Till now all the shapes are transparent, we can fill them by the FloodFill method. I'll use BLACK_BRUSH for the filling brush. When we finish, the OnLButtonUp handler must be like this:

void CPainterView::OnLButtonUp(UINT nFlags, CPoint point) 
{
    DrawTo.x = point.x; 
    DrawTo.y = point.y; 

    CClientDC* pDC = new CClientDC(this); 

    if(bLineFlag){
        pDC->MoveTo(Anchor.x, Anchor.y); 
        pDC->LineTo(DrawTo.x, DrawTo.y); 
    }

    if(bRectangleFlag){
        pDC->SelectStockObject(NULL_BRUSH); 
        pDC->Rectangle(Anchor.x, Anchor.y, DrawTo.x, DrawTo.y); 
    }

    if(bEllipseFlag){
        pDC->SelectStockObject(NULL_BRUSH); 
        pDC->Ellipse(Anchor.x, Anchor.y, DrawTo.x, DrawTo.y); 
    }

    if(bFillFlag){
        pDC->SelectStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH); 
        pDC->FloodFill(Anchor.x, Anchor.y, RGB(0, 0, 0)); 
    }

    delete pDC; 
    
    CView::OnLButtonUp(nFlags, point);
}

Free drawing using the mouse

Add a message handler for the WM_MOUSEMOVE message:

void CPainterView::OnMouseMove(UINT nFlags, CPoint point) 
{
    CClientDC* pDC = new CClientDC(this); 
    .
    .    
    delete pDC; 
    CView::OnMouseMove(nFlags, point);
}

Then we must check the bDrawFlag, if the mouse is still moving and the left button still unreleased. We can do that by the nFlags and the MK_LBUTTON:

void CPainterView::OnMouseMove(UINT nFlags, CPoint point) 
{
    CClientDC* pDC = new CClientDC(this); 
    if((nFlags && MK_LBUTTON) && bDrawFlag){
        .
        .
    }    
    delete pDC; 
    CView::OnMouseMove(nFlags, point);
}

Suppose we are drawing using the free hand. When we draw from the Anchor point to the current point, the current point will become the Anchor point, like this:

void CPainterView::OnMouseMove(UINT nFlags, CPoint point) 
{
    CClientDC* pDC = new CClientDC(this); 
    if((nFlags && MK_LBUTTON) && bDrawFlag){
        pDC->MoveTo(Anchor.x, Anchor.y); 
        pDC->LineTo(point.x, point.y); 
        Anchor.x = point.x; 
        Anchor.y = point.y;
    }    
    delete pDC; 
    CView::OnMouseMove(nFlags, point);
}

Now our program has been finished, but there are two problems. When we draw we can't see what we have been drawing, and when we draw, and resize the window, every think will disappear.

To solve the first problem, we must draw from the Anchor to the DrawTo, then when the mouse moves (the user is still clicking on the left button), we must save the DrawTo in OldPoint and clear the line that we have been drawing and draw a new line to the DrawTo point.

We can do that as follows:

void CPainterView::OnMouseMove(UINT nFlags, CPoint point) 
{
    int nOldMode; 

    .
    .
    if((nFlags && MK_LBUTTON) && bLineFlag){
        nOldMode = pDC->GetROP2();
        pDC->SetROP2(R2_NOT); 
        pDC->MoveTo(Anchor.x, Anchor.y); 
        pDC->LineTo(OldPoint.x, OldPoint.y); 
        .
        . 
    }
    .
    .
}

Then draw the new line, and copy the current point to the OldPoint:

void CPainterView::OnMouseMove(UINT nFlags, CPoint point) 
{
    int nOldMode; 
    .
    .
    if((nFlags && MK_LBUTTON) && bLineFlag){
        nOldMode = pDC->GetROP2();
        pDC->SetROP2(R2_NOT); 
        pDC->MoveTo(Anchor.x, Anchor.y); 
        pDC->LineTo(OldPoint.x, OldPoint.y); 
        pDC->MoveTo(Anchor.x, Anchor.y); 
        pDC->LineTo(point.x, point.y);
        OldPoint.x = point.x; 
        OldPoint.y = point.y; 
        pDC->SetROP2(nOldMode);
    }
    .
    .
}

Note when the user draws a line and passes over a black object, the line will appear in a white color.

In the same way, add the code for drawing the rectangles and ellipses. The OnMouseMove handler must be like this:

void CPainterView::OnMouseMove(UINT nFlags, CPoint point) 
{
    int nOldMode; 

    CClientDC* pDC = new CClientDC(this); 
    
    if((nFlags && MK_LBUTTON) && bDrawFlag){
        pDC->MoveTo(Anchor.x, Anchor.y); 
        pDC->LineTo(point.x, point.y); 
        Anchor.x = point.x; 
        Anchor.y = point.y; 
    }

    if((nFlags && MK_LBUTTON) && bLineFlag){
        nOldMode = pDC->GetROP2();
        pDC->SetROP2(R2_NOT); 
        pDC->MoveTo(Anchor.x, Anchor.y); 
        pDC->LineTo(OldPoint.x, OldPoint.y); 
        pDC->MoveTo(Anchor.x, Anchor.y); 
        pDC->LineTo(point.x, point.y);
        OldPoint.x = point.x; 
        OldPoint.y = point.y; 
        pDC->SetROP2(nOldMode); 
    }
    
    if((nFlags && MK_LBUTTON) && bRectangleFlag){
        nOldMode = pDC->GetROP2();
        pDC->SetROP2(R2_NOT);
        pDC->SelectStockObject(NULL_BRUSH); 
        pDC->Rectangle(OldPoint.x, OldPoint.y, Anchor.x, Anchor.y); 
        pDC->Rectangle(Anchor.x, Anchor.y, point.x, point.y); 
        OldPoint.x = point.x; 
        OldPoint.y = point.y; 
        pDC->SetROP2(nOldMode); 
    }
    
    if((nFlags && MK_LBUTTON) && bEllipseFlag){
        nOldMode = pDC->GetROP2();
        pDC->SetROP2(R2_NOT);
        pDC->SelectStockObject(NULL_BRUSH); 
        pDC->Ellipse(OldPoint.x, OldPoint.y, Anchor.x, Anchor.y); 
        pDC->Ellipse(Anchor.x, Anchor.y, point.x, point.y); 
        OldPoint.x = point.x; 
        OldPoint.y = point.y; 
        pDC->SetROP2(nOldMode); 
    }

    delete pDC; 
    CView::OnMouseMove(nFlags, point);
}

Now, the first problem has been solved.

Refreshing our drawing

The metafile is a memory object that can support the device context, so, when the window is resized (maximized, minimized, etc), we can playback the metafile. That will redraw all the shapes that we have drawn.

Add this variable in the public section in the CPaintDoc class declaration:

CMetaFileDC* pMetaFileDC;

Then in the class constructor, add the following code:

CPainterDoc::CPainterDoc()
{
    pMetaFileDC = new CMetaFileDC(); 
    pMetaFileDC->Create(); 
}

Now, we must reflect every thing we draw in the metafile. That means when we call the device context, we must do the same in the metafile:

void CPainterView::OnLButtonUp(UINT nFlags, CPoint point) 
{
    CPainterDoc* pDoc = GetDocument(); 
    ASSERT_VALID(pDoc);

    DrawTo.x = point.x; 
    DrawTo.y = point.y; 

    CClientDC* pDC = new CClientDC(this); 

    if(bLineFlag){
        pDC->MoveTo(Anchor.x, Anchor.y); 
        pDC->LineTo(DrawTo.x, DrawTo.y); 
        pDoc->pMetaFileDC->MoveTo(Anchor.x, Anchor.y);
        pDoc->pMetaFileDC->LineTo(DrawTo.x, DrawTo.y); 
    }

    if(bRectangleFlag){
        pDC->SelectStockObject(NULL_BRUSH); 
        pDC->Rectangle(Anchor.x, Anchor.y, DrawTo.x, DrawTo.y); 
        pDoc->pMetaFileDC->SelectStockObject(NULL_BRUSH); 
        pDoc->pMetaFileDC->Rectangle(Anchor.x, 
                           Anchor.y, DrawTo.x, DrawTo.y); 
    }

    if(bEllipseFlag){
        pDC->SelectStockObject(NULL_BRUSH); 
        pDC->Ellipse(Anchor.x, Anchor.y, DrawTo.x, DrawTo.y); 
        pDoc->pMetaFileDC->SelectStockObject(NULL_BRUSH); 
        pDoc->pMetaFileDC->Rectangle(Anchor.x, 
                           Anchor.y, DrawTo.x, DrawTo.y); 
    }

    if(bFillFlag){
        pDC->SelectStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH); 
        pDC->FloodFill(Anchor.x, Anchor.y, RGB(0, 0, 0)); 
        pDoc->pMetaFileDC->SelectStockObject(NULL_BRUSH); 
        pDoc->pMetaFileDC->Rectangle(Anchor.x, 
                           Anchor.y, DrawTo.x, DrawTo.y); 
    }

    delete pDC; 
    
    CView::OnLButtonUp(nFlags, point);
}

When the window is required to redraw itself, it calls the OnDraw() function. What we have to do now is show the metafile. Add the following code to OnDraw function:

void CPainterView::OnDraw(CDC* pDC)
{
    CPainterDoc* pDoc = GetDocument();
    ASSERT_VALID(pDoc);
    
    HMETAFILE MetaFileHandle = pDoc->pMetaFileDC->Close(); 
    pDC->PlayMetaFile(MetaFileHandle); 
    CMetaFileDC* ReplacementMetaFile = new CMetaFileDC(); 
    ReplacementMetaFile->Create(); 
    ReplacementMetaFile->PlayMetaFile(MetaFileHandle); 
    DeleteMetaFile(MetaFileHandle); 
    delete pDoc->pMetaFileDC; 
    pDoc->pMetaFileDC = ReplacementMetaFile; 
}

That will solve the second problem. Now we are ready to start our program. Enjoy.

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Class Wizard? (visual studio 2005) Taronium 13:07 26 Nov '07   I'm a little ashamed, but I can't find any complete equivalent to the "class wizard" in vs2005, which would offer such fields like object ID or a button for "add function". I'm really new to writing a tool from scratch with visual studio and I'm not used to C++ that much. I'm stuck at connecting the interface... Any help is very appreciated. I'm really embarressed about that, too. Thanks in advance, Taron www.taron.de Sign In·View Thread·PermaLink The program has problems...Please Help me idan188 3:27 19 Jul '07   when you try draw an Ellipse created two Ellipses instead of one, and when draw a Rectangle then created two connected Rectangles instead of one rectangle. Please I need help if there is someone that can help me to repair these errors.!!! Sign In·View Thread·PermaLink usb connection HOYAM 0:30 14 Jul '07   hi aymen i have a problem and i need your help i like to make a program that read data from a pen tablet connected to my computer through usb. these data happened when the pen move over the tablet. these data like speed of the pen movement or speed of writting, pressure level of the pen, degree of slop between the pen and the tablet and thank you Sign In·View Thread·PermaLink 1.00/5 (1 vote) Help me about the SetRop2 wzh19831221 2:09 15 Dec '06   I find the function setrop() has very wonderful effects on drawing, But when I read the MSDN ,I still do not understand the parameter "nDrawMode" really mean Can you give me some information ?? regards wzh Sign In·View Thread·PermaLink Finally - how to use the nFlags! nadiric 14:11 19 Aug '06   Thanks, Couldn't find anywhere else how to actually "use" the nFlags to get button info. Sign In·View Thread·PermaLink 2.00/5 (1 vote) Many thanks Dang Xuan Ky 16:02 14 Dec '05   Thanks a lot for your artical. It's exactly what I need for my program. Sign In·View Thread·PermaLink Re: Many thanks haozheng 23:43 27 Jun '06   Thanks a lot for your artical. It's exactly what I need for my program. It`s perfect! I love this web. Sign In·View Thread·PermaLink How to draw "anti aliases line" Yunus Kurniawan 23:39 25 Jul '05   How to draw high quality/anti aliases line like CorelDraw? Sign In·View Thread·PermaLink 1.50/5 (2 votes) Help with CScrollView or CMetaFileDC pls Dimitris Vikeloudas 1:24 14 Jan '05   Hi. I have a program that reads a database and displays its graphics into a CScrollView Instance. To do that it reads records from the database and creates a small metafile for each of it. Finaly, when all those metafiles are created it replays them over the view and displays those that are part of the visible (on screen) window. I want to create that view invisible (not on the screen) and using the same functions I would like to create all those metafiles. Then rather than replaying them on the display I would like to save them in the disk as EMF. So far I manage to create the EMF and to replay over it the metafiles. However, I am always getting a part of my image in the saved file and not the whole image (wich be larger than the screen). I do not display the view on the screen thus the CGetClientBox CGetClipBox functions return a zero size rectangle. I 've tried to use functions to manipulate the window extend and the viewport but I am not sure that I understand them. Can some explain to me what are window origin/extend versus viewport ones? And how can I affect the size of a disk saved MetaFiles? Thanks a lot Dimitris Sign In·View Thread·PermaLink thx!! snorty 3:01 10 Jun '04   That tutorial was a lot of help for absolute beginners in vc++. Thank you very much! Sign In·View Thread·PermaLink i need help to develop a program for a CNC machine! IT_student 10:17 22 Jul '03   I have to create a dialog box where i will get the values for the X and Y coordinates and then pitch of the rows and columns. taking these values i have to create a kind of a grid which shows the pattern in which holes will be drilled in a machine. whether a hole is drilled or not will depend upon the bit pattern entered by the user 1 for hole and 0 for none. i have to convert this in an ascii format and display it. Any ideas on how to do it? Every problem has a solution! Sign In·View Thread·PermaLink 5.00/5 (2 votes) Select shape? mystic 6:46 7 Apr '03   hi there can i know is there a way to select the shapes that I have draw out? im pretty weak in OO prgramming and very upset that Im still using C method to code. can anyone show some pointers on how to learn programming in a correct way? thanks in advance! Sign In·View Thread·PermaLink 4.00/5 (1 vote) Shloneck Habibi... zarzor 16:32 14 Feb '03   Please do not "copy & paste" projects from known books. ZARZOR13 Sign In·View Thread·PermaLink 1.33/5 (3 votes) Re: Shloneck Habibi... Aymen++ 22:42 14 Feb '03   Hi zarzor, i have seen this program in a book for a long time (may be 6 years), but i didn't copy from it anything... Sign In·View Thread·PermaLink 5.00/5 (1 vote) Ingrates EpicBoy 7:15 14 Feb '03   These type of comments are probably the number one reason I'll never end up submitting anything to this site. The guy goes through the trouble of writing up this big article which would probably be of a lot of use to beginners, and what does he get? sh*t on for his coding style, his variable names, etc. You people need to be a little less anal and learn to enjoy programming again. It's not all about patterns and architecture you know. Sign In·View Thread·PermaLink 5.00/5 (3 votes) Re: Ingrates Davide Pizzolato 10:40 14 Feb '03   They are professionals, not ungrateful, and their advices are really precious Sign In·View Thread·PermaLink Re: Ingrates Dave_ 10:50 14 Feb '03   I have also seen some unnecessary, vicious remarks in these articles. I think there are some people out there who are dying to show how talented and intelligent they are and enjoy putting others down in the process. Sign In·View Thread·PermaLink 5.00/5 (1 vote) What's the point? Quentin Pouplard 4:55 14 Feb '03   This program contain euh... nothing... nothing that's new/strange/unusual... It's not even a good OO design (was there a design at all?). Look DrawCli for an introduction of how to write application "that draws stuff". -- Quentin Pouplard (Tene/Graff Project) http://graff.alrj.org Sign In·View Thread·PermaLink Poor design Reyes 2:20 14 Feb '03   Just a few remarks: - Having 5 distinct boolean variables just to manage a single state is really a poor design . It needlessly complicates the code. Just use one single variable coupled together with an enumeration, it will be easier to code, and it will allow you to remove this horrible sequence of "if" statements when a "switch/case" should be used. - this is probably a good example of why your statement "I think the best way to learn programing is programing" is untrue. Sign In·View Thread·PermaLink 1.00/5 (2 votes) Re: Poor design Claudius Mokler 2:37 14 Feb '03   Another point: Using a specific naming schemes for variables is a good idea, so why are member variables not named accordingly? The MFC crowd is pretty used to the 'm_' prefix. The best way to learn programming is debugging. Sign In·View Thread·PermaLink 2.00/5 (1 vote) Um... Christian Graus 10:49 13 Feb '03   There's no source/exe downloads and no screenshot because..... ??? Christian No offense, but I don't really want to encourage the creation of another VB developer. - Larry Antram 22 Oct 2002 C# will attract all comers, where VB is for IT Journalists and managers - Michael P Butler 05-12-2002 It'd probably be fairly easy to make a bot that'd post random stupid VB questions, and nobody would probably ever notice - benjymous - 21-Jan-2003 Sign In·View Thread·PermaLink 1.50/5 (4 votes)

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