*
Asynchronous
postback renders only the required part of the page; whereas,
synchronous
postback renders the entire page for any postback.
*
Asynchronous
postback executes only one postback at a time, that is, if you have two buttons doing asynchronous postback, the actions will be performed one by one; whereas,
synchronous
postback executes all the actions at once.
*
Asynchronous
postback only modifies the update panel that raises the postback; whereas,
synchronous
postback modifies the entire page.
Have a look
here[
^] and more similar threads
here[
^]