A couple of ideas ...
1. You can do this in mozilla eg. Firefox.
Write a "chrome" extension (not to be confused with that other "chrome"). Trusted extensions can call native code by way of XPCOM.
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/The_Joy_of_XUL[
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2. Another option is to write a native program that is basically an embedded web server (bind to localhost) that offers the information in XML form. Leverages all the usual AJAX techniques. Deploy two parts - an "app" as HTML/CSS/JS and a service EXE. The embedded web server could even serve up the app content to further simplify deployment.
A C++ Embedded Web Server[
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