Performance implications of Exceptions in .NET

using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.IO;
using System.Timers;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Security.Policy;

namespace ExceptionPerformance
{
	/// <summary>
	/// Summary description for MainForm.
	/// </summary>
	public class MainForm : System.Windows.Forms.Form
	{
		private System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox groupBox1;
		private System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioNoException;
		private System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioThrow;
		private System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioRethrow;
		private System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox groupBox2;
		private System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioEmpty;
		private System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioString;
		private System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioFile;
		private System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioDatabase;
		private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
		private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textTime;
		private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;
		private System.Windows.Forms.Label label3;
		private System.Windows.Forms.Button buttonRun;
		private System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioCatch;
		private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textResultM;
		private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textResultT;
		private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textAverageT;
		private System.Windows.Forms.Label label5;
		private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textAverageM;
		private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textResultR;
		private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textAverageR;
		private System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox checkDomain;
		private System.Windows.Forms.Button buttonClear;
		private System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioRethrowNew;
		private System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioComplex;
		/// <summary>
		/// Required designer variable.
		/// </summary>
		private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;

		public MainForm()
		{
			//
			// Required for Windows Form Designer support
			//
			InitializeComponent();
			InitAppDomain();

			this.radioNoException.Checked = true;
			this.radioEmpty.Checked = true;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Clean up any resources being used.
		/// </summary>
		protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
		{
			if( disposing )
			{
				if (components != null) 
				{
					components.Dispose();
				}
			}
			base.Dispose( disposing );
		}

		#region Windows Form Designer generated code
		/// <summary>
		/// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
		/// the contents of this method with the code editor.
		/// </summary>
		private void InitializeComponent()
		{
			this.groupBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();
			this.radioCatch = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.radioRethrow = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.radioThrow = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.radioNoException = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.groupBox2 = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();
			this.radioDatabase = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.radioFile = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.radioString = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.radioEmpty = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
			this.textTime = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
			this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
			this.label3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
			this.textResultM = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
			this.buttonRun = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
			this.textResultR = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
			this.textResultT = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
			this.textAverageT = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
			this.label5 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
			this.textAverageR = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
			this.textAverageM = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
			this.checkDomain = new System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox();
			this.buttonClear = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
			this.radioRethrowNew = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.radioComplex = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.groupBox1.SuspendLayout();
			this.groupBox2.SuspendLayout();
			this.SuspendLayout();
			// 
			// groupBox1
			// 
			this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.radioRethrowNew);
			this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.radioCatch);
			this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.radioRethrow);
			this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.radioThrow);
			this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.radioNoException);
			this.groupBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(24, 24);
			this.groupBox1.Name = "groupBox1";
			this.groupBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(200, 152);
			this.groupBox1.TabIndex = 0;
			this.groupBox1.TabStop = false;
			this.groupBox1.Text = "Mode";
			// 
			// radioCatch
			// 
			this.radioCatch.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 48);
			this.radioCatch.Name = "radioCatch";
			this.radioCatch.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(168, 24);
			this.radioCatch.TabIndex = 2;
			this.radioCatch.Text = "Catch without exception";
			this.radioCatch.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.radioCatch_CheckedChanged);
			// 
			// radioRethrow
			// 
			this.radioRethrow.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 96);
			this.radioRethrow.Name = "radioRethrow";
			this.radioRethrow.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(176, 24);
			this.radioRethrow.TabIndex = 4;
			this.radioRethrow.Text = "Rethrow original";
			this.radioRethrow.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.radioRethrow_CheckedChanged);
			// 
			// radioThrow
			// 
			this.radioThrow.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 72);
			this.radioThrow.Name = "radioThrow";
			this.radioThrow.TabIndex = 3;
			this.radioThrow.Text = "Throw";
			this.radioThrow.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.radioThrow_CheckedChanged);
			// 
			// radioNoException
			// 
			this.radioNoException.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 24);
			this.radioNoException.Name = "radioNoException";
			this.radioNoException.TabIndex = 1;
			this.radioNoException.Text = "No exception";
			this.radioNoException.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.radioNoException_CheckedChanged);
			// 
			// groupBox2
			// 
			this.groupBox2.Controls.Add(this.radioComplex);
			this.groupBox2.Controls.Add(this.radioDatabase);
			this.groupBox2.Controls.Add(this.radioFile);
			this.groupBox2.Controls.Add(this.radioString);
			this.groupBox2.Controls.Add(this.radioEmpty);
			this.groupBox2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(248, 24);
			this.groupBox2.Name = "groupBox2";
			this.groupBox2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(200, 152);
			this.groupBox2.TabIndex = 4;
			this.groupBox2.TabStop = false;
			this.groupBox2.Text = "Job type";
			// 
			// radioDatabase
			// 
			this.radioDatabase.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 96);
			this.radioDatabase.Name = "radioDatabase";
			this.radioDatabase.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(144, 24);
			this.radioDatabase.TabIndex = 8;
			this.radioDatabase.Text = "Database";
			this.radioDatabase.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.radioDatabase_CheckedChanged);
			// 
			// radioFile
			// 
			this.radioFile.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 72);
			this.radioFile.Name = "radioFile";
			this.radioFile.TabIndex = 7;
			this.radioFile.Text = "File access";
			this.radioFile.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.radioFile_CheckedChanged);
			// 
			// radioString
			// 
			this.radioString.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 48);
			this.radioString.Name = "radioString";
			this.radioString.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(160, 24);
			this.radioString.TabIndex = 6;
			this.radioString.Text = "String processing";
			this.radioString.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.radioString_CheckedChanged);
			// 
			// radioEmpty
			// 
			this.radioEmpty.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 24);
			this.radioEmpty.Name = "radioEmpty";
			this.radioEmpty.TabIndex = 5;
			this.radioEmpty.Text = "Empty";
			this.radioEmpty.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.radioEmpty_CheckedChanged);
			// 
			// label1
			// 
			this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(24, 208);
			this.label1.Name = "label1";
			this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(48, 16);
			this.label1.TabIndex = 9;
			this.label1.Text = "Time:";
			// 
			// textTime
			// 
			this.textTime.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(80, 200);
			this.textTime.Name = "textTime";
			this.textTime.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(72, 22);
			this.textTime.TabIndex = 10;
			this.textTime.Text = "";
			this.textTime.TextChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.textTime_TextChanged);
			// 
			// label2
			// 
			this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(160, 208);
			this.label2.Name = "label2";
			this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(56, 16);
			this.label2.TabIndex = 11;
			this.label2.Text = "seconds";
			// 
			// label3
			// 
			this.label3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(264, 208);
			this.label3.Name = "label3";
			this.label3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(64, 16);
			this.label3.TabIndex = 12;
			this.label3.Text = "Result:";
			// 
			// textResultM
			// 
			this.textResultM.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(344, 200);
			this.textResultM.Name = "textResultM";
			this.textResultM.ReadOnly = true;
			this.textResultM.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(32, 22);
			this.textResultM.TabIndex = 13;
			this.textResultM.Text = "";
			this.textResultM.TextAlign = System.Windows.Forms.HorizontalAlignment.Right;
			// 
			// buttonRun
			// 
			this.buttonRun.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(144, 280);
			this.buttonRun.Name = "buttonRun";
			this.buttonRun.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(88, 23);
			this.buttonRun.TabIndex = 15;
			this.buttonRun.Text = "Run";
			this.buttonRun.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.buttonRun_Click);
			// 
			// textResultR
			// 
			this.textResultR.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(408, 200);
			this.textResultR.Name = "textResultR";
			this.textResultR.ReadOnly = true;
			this.textResultR.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(32, 22);
			this.textResultR.TabIndex = 16;
			this.textResultR.Text = "";
			this.textResultR.TextAlign = System.Windows.Forms.HorizontalAlignment.Center;
			// 
			// textResultT
			// 
			this.textResultT.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(376, 200);
			this.textResultT.Name = "textResultT";
			this.textResultT.ReadOnly = true;
			this.textResultT.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(32, 22);
			this.textResultT.TabIndex = 17;
			this.textResultT.Text = "";
			this.textResultT.TextAlign = System.Windows.Forms.HorizontalAlignment.Center;
			// 
			// textAverageT
			// 
			this.textAverageT.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(376, 232);
			this.textAverageT.Name = "textAverageT";
			this.textAverageT.ReadOnly = true;
			this.textAverageT.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(32, 22);
			this.textAverageT.TabIndex = 17;
			this.textAverageT.Text = "";
			this.textAverageT.TextAlign = System.Windows.Forms.HorizontalAlignment.Center;
			// 
			// label5
			// 
			this.label5.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(264, 240);
			this.label5.Name = "label5";
			this.label5.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(64, 16);
			this.label5.TabIndex = 12;
			this.label5.Text = "Average:";
			// 
			// textAverageR
			// 
			this.textAverageR.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(408, 232);
			this.textAverageR.Name = "textAverageR";
			this.textAverageR.ReadOnly = true;
			this.textAverageR.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(32, 22);
			this.textAverageR.TabIndex = 16;
			this.textAverageR.Text = "";
			this.textAverageR.TextAlign = System.Windows.Forms.HorizontalAlignment.Center;
			// 
			// textAverageM
			// 
			this.textAverageM.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(344, 232);
			this.textAverageM.Name = "textAverageM";
			this.textAverageM.ReadOnly = true;
			this.textAverageM.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(32, 22);
			this.textAverageM.TabIndex = 13;
			this.textAverageM.Text = "";
			this.textAverageM.TextAlign = System.Windows.Forms.HorizontalAlignment.Right;
			// 
			// checkDomain
			// 
			this.checkDomain.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(32, 240);
			this.checkDomain.Name = "checkDomain";
			this.checkDomain.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(200, 24);
			this.checkDomain.TabIndex = 18;
			this.checkDomain.Text = "Execute in a separate domain";
			// 
			// buttonClear
			// 
			this.buttonClear.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(240, 280);
			this.buttonClear.Name = "buttonClear";
			this.buttonClear.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(88, 23);
			this.buttonClear.TabIndex = 15;
			this.buttonClear.Text = "Clear";
			this.buttonClear.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.buttonClear_Click);
			// 
			// radioRethrowNew
			// 
			this.radioRethrowNew.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 120);
			this.radioRethrowNew.Name = "radioRethrowNew";
			this.radioRethrowNew.TabIndex = 5;
			this.radioRethrowNew.Text = "Rethrow new";
			this.radioRethrowNew.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.radioRethrowNew_CheckedChanged);
			// 
			// radioComplex
			// 
			this.radioComplex.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 120);
			this.radioComplex.Name = "radioComplex";
			this.radioComplex.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(144, 24);
			this.radioComplex.TabIndex = 9;
			this.radioComplex.Text = "Complex";
			this.radioComplex.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.radioComplex_CheckedChanged);
			// 
			// MainForm
			// 
			this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 15);
			this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(472, 320);
			this.Controls.Add(this.checkDomain);
			this.Controls.Add(this.textResultR);
			this.Controls.Add(this.textTime);
			this.Controls.Add(this.textResultM);
			this.Controls.Add(this.buttonRun);
			this.Controls.Add(this.label3);
			this.Controls.Add(this.label2);
			this.Controls.Add(this.label1);
			this.Controls.Add(this.groupBox2);
			this.Controls.Add(this.groupBox1);
			this.Controls.Add(this.textResultT);
			this.Controls.Add(this.textAverageT);
			this.Controls.Add(this.label5);
			this.Controls.Add(this.textAverageR);
			this.Controls.Add(this.textAverageM);
			this.Controls.Add(this.buttonClear);
			this.Name = "MainForm";
			this.Text = "Exception Performance";
			this.groupBox1.ResumeLayout(false);
			this.groupBox2.ResumeLayout(false);
			this.ResumeLayout(false);

		}
		#endregion

		/// <summary>
		/// The main entry point for the application.
		/// </summary>
		[STAThread]
		static void Main() 
		{
			Application.Run(new MainForm());
		}

		private void buttonRun_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
		{
			int seconds = 0;
			try
			{
				seconds = Convert.ToInt32(this.textTime.Text);
			}
			catch(Exception)
			{
			}

			if(seconds > 0)
			{
				this.timer = new System.Timers.Timer(seconds * 1000);
				this.timer.Elapsed += new ElapsedEventHandler(OnTimedEvent);
				this.timer.AutoReset = false;
				this.timer.Enabled = true;

				ExecuteDelegate execute = null;
				if(this.radioNoException.Checked)
					execute = new ExecuteDelegate(ExceptionMode.None);
				else if(this.radioCatch.Checked)
					execute = new ExecuteDelegate(ExceptionMode.Catch);
				else if(this.radioThrow.Checked)
					execute = new ExecuteDelegate(ExceptionMode.Throw);
				else if(this.radioRethrow.Checked)
					execute = new ExecuteDelegate(ExceptionMode.Rethrow);
				else if(this.radioRethrowNew.Checked)
					execute = new ExecuteDelegate(ExceptionMode.RethrowNew);

				if(this.checkDomain.Checked)
				{
					string asmName = typeof(Job).Assembly.FullName;
					string typeName = typeof(Job).FullName;
					jobHost = domain.CreateInstanceAndUnwrap(asmName, typeName) as Job;
				}
				else
				{
					jobHost = new Job();
				}
				jobHost.Empty(false);

				JobDelegate job = null;
				if(this.radioEmpty.Checked)
					job = new JobDelegate(jobHost.Empty);
				else if(this.radioString.Checked)
					job = new JobDelegate(jobHost.String);
				else if(this.radioFile.Checked)
					job = new JobDelegate(jobHost.File);
				else if(this.radioDatabase.Checked)
					job = new JobDelegate(jobHost.Database);
				else if(this.radioComplex.Checked)
					job = new JobDelegate(jobHost.Complex);

				PerformanceTest test = new PerformanceTest(execute, job);
				while(this.timer.Enabled)
				{
					test.Execute();
				}

				DisplayResults(test.Count, this.textResultM, this.textResultT, this.textResultR);
				averageResult = (resultCount * averageResult + test.Count) / (resultCount + 1);
				++resultCount;
				DisplayResults(averageResult, this.textAverageM, this.textAverageT, this.textAverageR);
			}
		}

		private void buttonClear_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
		{
			ClearResults();
		}

		private static void OnTimedEvent(object source, ElapsedEventArgs e) 
		{
		}

		private void radioNoException_CheckedChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
		{
			ClearResults();
		}

		private void radioCatch_CheckedChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
		{
			ClearResults();
		}

		private void radioThrow_CheckedChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
		{
			ClearResults();
		}

		private void radioRethrow_CheckedChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
		{
			ClearResults();
		}

		private void radioRethrowNew_CheckedChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
		{
			ClearResults();
		}

		private void radioEmpty_CheckedChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
		{
			ClearResults();
		}

		private void radioString_CheckedChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
		{
			ClearResults();
		}

		private void radioFile_CheckedChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
		{
			ClearResults();
		}

		private void radioDatabase_CheckedChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
		{
			ClearResults();
		}

		private void textTime_TextChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
		{
			ClearResults();
		}

		private void radioComplex_CheckedChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
		{
			ClearResults();
		}

		private void ClearResults()
		{
			this.textResultM.Clear();
			this.textResultT.Clear();
			this.textResultR.Clear();
			this.textAverageM.Clear();
			this.textAverageT.Clear();
			this.textAverageR.Clear();

			averageResult = 0;
			resultCount = 0;
		}

		private void DisplayResults(long count, TextBox textM, TextBox textT, TextBox textR)
		{
			long millions = count / 1000000;
			long thousands = (count - millions * 1000000) / 1000;
			long remainder = count - millions * 1000000 - thousands * 1000;
			if(millions > 0)
				textM.Text = string.Format("{0}", millions);
			else
				textM.Clear();
			if(thousands > 0)
				if(millions > 0)
					textT.Text = string.Format("{0:D3}", thousands);
				else
					textT.Text = string.Format("{0}", thousands);
			else
				textT.Clear();
			if(millions > 0 || thousands > 0)
				textR.Text = string.Format("{0:D3}", remainder);
			else
				textR.Text = string.Format("{0}", remainder);
		}

		private void InitAppDomain()
		{
			// Set up the AppDomainSetup
			AppDomainSetup setup = new AppDomainSetup();
			setup.ApplicationBase = System.IO.Directory.GetCurrentDirectory();

			// Set up the Evidence
			Evidence evidence = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.Evidence;

			domain = AppDomain.CreateDomain("AppDomain", evidence, setup);
		}

		private System.Timers.Timer timer;
		private long averageResult = 0;
		private int resultCount = 0;
		private static AppDomain domain = null;
		private Job jobHost = null;
	}

	public delegate void ExecuteDelegate(JobDelegate job);
	public delegate void JobDelegate(bool throwException);

	public class PerformanceTest
	{
		public PerformanceTest(ExecuteDelegate execute, JobDelegate job)
		{
			this.execute = execute;
			this.job = job;
		}

		public void Execute()
		{
			this.execute(this.job);
			++count;
		}

		private ExecuteDelegate execute;
		private JobDelegate job;

		private long count = 0;
		public long Count
		{
			get { return count; }
		}
	}

	public class ExceptionMode
	{
		private ExceptionMode()
		{
		}

		public static void None(JobDelegate job)
		{
			job(false);
		}

		public static void Catch(JobDelegate job)
		{
			try
			{
				job(false);
			}
			catch(Exception)
			{
			}
		}

		public static void Throw(JobDelegate job)
		{
			try
			{
				job(true);
			}
			catch(Exception)
			{
			}
		}

		public static void Rethrow(JobDelegate job)
		{
			try
			{
				try
				{
					job(true);
				}
				catch(Exception)
				{
					throw;
				}
			}
			catch(Exception)
			{
			}
		}

		public static void RethrowNew(JobDelegate job)
		{
			try
			{
				try
				{
					job(true);
				}
				catch(Exception ex)
				{
					throw new System.NullReferenceException(string.Empty, ex);
				}
			}
			catch(Exception)
			{
			}
		}
	}

	public class Job : MarshalByRefObject
	{
		public Job()
		{
		}

		public void Empty(bool throwException)
		{
			if(throwException)
				throw new System.NullReferenceException();
		}

		public void String(bool throwException)
		{
			string test = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
			string[] words = test.Split(' ');
			foreach(string word in words)
			{
				string newWord = word.ToUpper();
			}

			if(throwException)
				throw new System.NullReferenceException();
		}

		public void File(bool throwException)
		{
			DirectoryInfo di = new DirectoryInfo(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory());
			foreach(FileSystemInfo fi in di.GetFileSystemInfos())
			{
				if((fi.Attributes & FileAttributes.Directory) == 0)
				{
					FileStream stream = System.IO.File.OpenRead(fi.Name);
					byte[] buffer = new byte[stream.Length];
					stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
					stream.Close();
				}
			}

			if(throwException)
				throw new System.NullReferenceException();
		}

		public void Database(bool throwException)
		{
			SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(@"Data Source=;Initial Catalog=Northwind;User ID=sa;Password=password");
			SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter("SELECT * FROM Products", con);
			DataSet ds = new DataSet();
			adapter.Fill(ds);
			foreach(DataRow row in ds.Tables[0].Rows)
			{
				for(int col = 0; col < ds.Tables[0].Columns.Count; col++)
				{
					string val = row[col].ToString();
				}
			}

			if(throwException)
				throw new System.NullReferenceException();
		}

		public void Complex(bool throwException)
		{
			String(false);
			File(false);
			String(false);
			Database(false);
			String(false);
			File(false);
			String(false);

			String(false);
			File(false);
			String(false);
			Database(false);
			String(false);
			File(false);
			String(false);

			if(throwException)
				throw new System.NullReferenceException();
		}
	}
}