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C# MIDI Toolkit

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18 Apr 2007MIT18 min read 3.1M   41.7K   303  
A toolkit for creating MIDI applications with C#.
/*
 * Created by: Leslie Sanford
 * 
 * Contact: jabberdabber@hotmail.com
 * 
 * Last modified: 05/08/2004
 */

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Collections;
using System.Diagnostics;

namespace Multimedia.Midi
{
	/// <summary>
	/// Summary description for Sequencer
	/// </summary>
	public class Sequencer : Component, IMidiMessageVisitor
	{
        #region Sequencer Members

        #region Fields

        // The sequence to play.
        private Sequence sequence;

        // Tick generator for tick events.
        private TickGenerator tickGen = new TickGenerator();

        // Midi sender for sending Midi messages.
        private IMidiSender midiSender;

        // Playback position.
        private int position = 0;

        // Current Midi event index into the sequence.
        private int currIndex = 0;

        // Current tick count.
        private int currTicks = 0;

        // Running status value.
        private int runningStatus = 0;

        // Merged track from the sequence for playback.
        private Track mergedTrack = new Track();  
      
        #endregion

		/// <summary>
		/// Required designer variable.
		/// </summary>
		private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;

        #region Construction

        /// <summary>
        /// Initialize a new instance of the Sequencer class with the specified
        /// Container.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="container">
        /// Container for holding components.
        /// </param>
		public Sequencer(System.ComponentModel.IContainer container)
		{
			//
			// Required for Windows.Forms Class Composition Designer support
			//
			container.Add(this);
			InitializeComponent();

            // Register tick handler.
			tickGen.Tick += new TickEventHandler(tickGen_Tick);
		}

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the Sequencer class.
        /// </summary>
		public Sequencer()
		{
			//
			// Required for Windows.Forms Class Composition Designer support
			//
			InitializeComponent();

            // Register tick handler.
			tickGen.Tick += new TickEventHandler(tickGen_Tick);
		}

        #endregion

        #region Methods

		/// <summary> 
		/// Clean up any resources being used.
		/// </summary>
		protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
		{
			if( disposing )
			{
				if(components != null)
				{
					components.Dispose();
				}

                tickGen.Dispose();
			}
			base.Dispose( disposing );
		}

		#region Component Designer generated code
		/// <summary>
		/// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
		/// the contents of this method with the code editor.
		/// </summary>
		private void InitializeComponent()
		{
			components = new System.ComponentModel.Container();
		}
		#endregion        

        /// <summary>
        /// Attaches a handler to the internal tick generator. This allows 
        /// outside sources to sync with the sequencer's playback.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="handler">
        /// The delegate to attach to the tick generator.
        /// </param>
        public void AttachToClock(TickEventHandler handler)
        {
            tickGen.Tick += handler;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Detaches a handler from the internal tick generator. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="handler">
        /// The delegate to detach from the tick generator.
        /// </param>
        public void DetachFromClock(TickEventHandler handler)
        {
            tickGen.Tick -= handler;
        }                                  

        /// <summary>
        /// Starts playback.
        /// </summary>
        public void Start()
        {
            // If there is a sequence and MidiSender present.
            if(Sequence != null && MidiSender != null)
            {
                // If the sequencer is already playing.
                if(IsPlaying())
                {
                    // Stop playback.
                    Stop();
                }

                // Reset position to the beginning of the sequence.
                Position = 0;

                // Start the tick generator.
                tickGen.Start();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Stops playback.
        /// </summary>
        public void Stop()
        {
            // If the sequencer is currently playing.
            if(IsPlaying())
            {
                // Stop the tick generator.
                tickGen.Stop();

                // Reset the MidiSender - causes all currently playing Note to
                // be turned off.
                midiSender.Reset();

                // Reset running status.
                runningStatus = 0;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Continues playback.
        /// </summary>
        public void Continue()
        {
            // If there is a sequence and MidiSender present.
            if(Sequence != null && MidiSender != null)
            {
                // If the sequencer is not playing.
                if(!IsPlaying())
                {
                    // Start playback. Playback will continue from the current
                    // position.
                    tickGen.Start();
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Determines whether or not the sequencer is playing.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>
        /// <b>true</b> if the sequencer is playing; otherwise, <b>false</b>.
        /// </returns>
        public bool IsPlaying()
        {
            return tickGen.IsRunning();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Updates the sequencer position.
        /// </summary>
        private void UpdatePosition()
        {
            Position = position;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Handles tick events generated by the tick generator.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender">
        /// The tick generator responsible for the event.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="e">
        /// Holds information about the Tick event.
        /// </param>
        private void tickGen_Tick(object sender, TickEventArgs e)
        {
            // Keep track of position.
            position += e.Ticks;

            // Keep track of the current tick tounc.
            currTicks += e.Ticks;

            // While the end of the track has not been reached and the 
            // current tick count is greater than or equal to the tick count 
            // for the next Midi event.
            while(currIndex < mergedTrack.Count && 
                currTicks >= mergedTrack[currIndex].Ticks)
            {
                // Visit the message.
                mergedTrack[currIndex].Message.Accept(this);

                // Remove the ticks from the Midi event from the current tick
                // count.
                currTicks -= mergedTrack[currIndex].Ticks;

                // Move to next message in the merged track.
                currIndex++;
            }  
        }

        #endregion

        #region Properties

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the Midi sender to use for sending messages.
        /// </summary>
        public IMidiSender MidiSender
        {
            get
            {
                return midiSender;
            }
            set
            {
                midiSender = value;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the playback position.
        /// </summary>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
        /// Thrown if position is set less than zero.
        /// </exception>
        public int Position
        {
            get
            {
                return position;
            }
            set
            {
                // Enforce preconditions.
                if(value < 0)
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("Position", value,
                        "Negative values for sequencer position not allowed.");

                // Initialize position.
                position = value;

                // If the sequencer has a sequence.
                if(Sequence != null)
                { 
                    // Tick counter.
                    int p = 0;                        

                    // If the sequencer is playing.
                    if(IsPlaying())
                    {
                        // Stop playback.
                        Stop();
                    }

                    currIndex = currTicks = 0;

                    // Get merged track from sequence.
                    mergedTrack = sequence.GetMergedTrack();
                        
                    // Find the Midi event at the new position in merged track.
                    while(currIndex < mergedTrack.Count && p < position)
                    {
                        // Accumulate ticks from Midi events.
                        p += mergedTrack[currIndex].Ticks;

                        // If the new position has not been reached yet.
                        if(p < position)
                        {
                            // Move to next event.
                            currIndex++;
                        }
                    }

                    // If the end of the merged track has not been reached.
                    if(currIndex < mergedTrack.Count)
                    {
                        //
                        // Calculate the current tick count based on the 
                        // new position.
                        //

                        p -= position;
                        currTicks = mergedTrack[currIndex].Ticks - p;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the sequence for the sequencer.
        /// </summary>
        public Sequence Sequence
        {
            get
            {
                return sequence;
            }
            set
            {
                // Enforce preconditions.
                if(value != null && value.IsSmpte())
                    throw new ArgumentException(
                        "Smpte sequences are not yet supported");

                // If the sequencer is playing.
                if(IsPlaying())
                {
                    // Stop playback.
                    Stop();
                }

                // Initialize new sequence.
                sequence = value;

                if(sequence != null)
                {
                    // Initialize tick generator.
                    tickGen.TicksPerBeat = sequence.Division;
                }

                UpdatePosition();                
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the tempo in microseconds.
        /// </summary>
        public int Tempo
        {
            get
            {
                return tickGen.Tempo;
            }
            set
            {
                tickGen.Tempo = value;
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #endregion

        #region IMidiMessageVisitor Members

        /// <summary>
        /// Visits channel messages.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="message">
        /// The ChannelMessage to visit.
        /// </param>
        public void Visit(ChannelMessage message)
        {
            // If the running status does not match the channel message's 
            // status.
            if(runningStatus != message.Status)
            {
                // Update status value.
                runningStatus = message.Status;

                // Send message with status value.
                MidiSender.Send(message, true);
            }
            // Else the running status matches the channel message's status.
            else
            {
                // Send message without status value.
                MidiSender.Send(message, false);
            } 
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Visits meta messages.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="message">
        /// The MetaMessage to visit.
        /// </param>
        void Multimedia.Midi.IMidiMessageVisitor.Visit(MetaMessage message)
        {
            // If the meta message is a tempo change message type.
            if(message.Type == MetaType.Tempo)
            {
                // Change tempo.
                Tempo = MetaMessage.PackTempo(message);
            }
            // Else if the meta message is an end of track message type.
            else if(message.Type == MetaType.EndOfTrack)
            {
                // Stop playback.
                Stop();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Visits system common messages.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="message">
        /// The SysCommonMessage to visit.
        /// </param>
        void Multimedia.Midi.IMidiMessageVisitor.Visit(SysCommonMessage message)
        {
            // Nothing to do here.
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Visits system exclusive messages.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="message">
        /// The SysExMessage to visit.
        /// </param>
        void Multimedia.Midi.IMidiMessageVisitor.Visit(SysExMessage message)
        {
            // System exclusive messages cancel running status.
            runningStatus = 0;

            // Send system exclusive message.
            MidiSender.Send(message);                
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Visits system realtime messages. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="message">
        /// The system realtime message to visit.
        /// </param>
        void Multimedia.Midi.IMidiMessageVisitor.Visit(SysRealtimeMessage message)
        {
            // Nothing to do here.
        }

        #endregion
	}
}

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License

This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The MIT License


Written By
United States United States
Aside from dabbling in BASIC on his old Atari 1040ST years ago, Leslie's programming experience didn't really begin until he discovered the Internet in the late 90s. There he found a treasure trove of information about two of his favorite interests: MIDI and sound synthesis.

After spending a good deal of time calculating formulas he found on the Internet for creating new sounds by hand, he decided that an easier way would be to program the computer to do the work for him. This led him to learn C. He discovered that beyond using programming as a tool for synthesizing sound, he loved programming in and of itself.

Eventually he taught himself C++ and C#, and along the way he immersed himself in the ideas of object oriented programming. Like many of us, he gotten bitten by the design patterns bug and a copy of GOF is never far from his hands.

Now his primary interest is in creating a complete MIDI toolkit using the C# language. He hopes to create something that will become an indispensable tool for those wanting to write MIDI applications for the .NET framework.

Besides programming, his other interests are photography and playing his Les Paul guitars.

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