You could try some google search with
Lexicology[
^] and
Semantic[
^]
and then from a computer science point of view you might want to look at :
Inference engines[
^]
Can have a look at lemmas and morphosyntax as well...
I used to be part of a project almost 20 years ago which aim to make sense of words in the same way you are doing. Hopefully we were financed to do this because we spent almost 8 years of man work to go... nowhere!
The topic is interesting but astronomically complex at the same time....
Gooooood Luck!
[EDIT]
I found this excellent presentation:
http://kodu.ut.ee/~jyrviste/kfsdk/suvekool-2012/McCarthy_2.pdf[
^]
It will give you a fair idea of the complexity and it includes a whole bunch of references....
Let us know about evolution of your project :-)