OpenGL 3D Navigation2 With Tao and C# Tao.OpenGL, Tao.freeGlut, EP_OpenGL_CS02
This is a small program that shows how to navigate in 3D space by using the keyboard and mouse. It uses Tao.OpenGl and Tao.freeGlut. It also shows how to draw a 3D cube.
Introduction
This project is based on my previous project CS02OpenGL3DNavigationTaoCSharp, however I did add more features in it. I think that one of the most important areas of knowledge for beginners in OpenGL is to learn how to create 3D space and navigate in this space. It can be very confusing if you don't know where you are actually looking. This program shows how to navigate in 3D space. This is a beginner level program to show how to navigate in 3D space. It uses glRotatef(), glTranslatef() and glLookAt() functions for navigation. It has an example of key events, mouse events. It has an example of 3D cube and color. In order to make it easy, I divided the 3D space with lines. The intersection of the x,y,z axis is the location (0,0,0). The doted part of the line is the negative side for each axis. Notice that the z-axis is not viewable, because we look at the space from (0,0,15) coordinates.
Using the Code
- Green for x axis
- Red for y axis
- Blue for z axis
- x rotates on x axis // uses
glRotatef()function - X rotates to opposite direction "
- y rotates on y axis "
- Y rotates to opposite direction "
- z rotates on z axis "
- Z rotates to opposite direction "
left_key- translates to left (x axis) // usesglTranslatef()right_key- translates to right (x axis) "up_key- translates up (y axis) "down_key- translates down (y axis) "page_up- translates on z axis (zoom in) "page_down- translates on z axis (zoom out) "- j translates on x axis, // uses
glLookAt() J translates to opposite direction on x axis "- k translates on y axis "
- K translates to opposite direction on y axis "
- l translates on z axis "
- L translates to opposite direction on z axis "
- b,B rotates (+/-)90 degrees on x axis
- n,N rotates (+/-)90 degrees on y axis
- m,M rotates (+/-)90 degrees on z axis
- o,O brings everything to starting position
*********************************************************
New Keys and Functionality
- F1 removes/shows the lines
- F2 rotates/stops the cube in x,y,z direction
- Left Mouse Down translates cube in x and y direction (up/down,left/right)
- Mouse wheel translates cube in +/- z direction (zoom in / zoom out)
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using Tao.OpenGl;
using Tao.FreeGlut;
namespace OpenGLNavigation2TaoCSharp
{
sealed class Program
{
// Declared static (no need for object reference
static float X = 0.0f; // Translate screen to x direction (left or right)
static float Y = 0.0f; // Translate screen to y direction (up or down)
static float Z = 0.0f; // Translate screen to z direction (zoom in or out)
static float rotX = 0.0f; // Rotate screen on x axis
static float rotY = 0.0f; // Rotate screen on y axis
static float rotZ = 0.0f; // Rotate screen on z axis
static float rotLx = 0.0f; // Translate screen by using the glulookAt function
// (left or right)
static float rotLy = 0.0f; // Translate screen by using the glulookAt function
// (up or down)
static float rotLz = 0.0f; // Translate screen by using the glulookAt function
// (zoom in or out)
static bool lines = true; // Display x,y,z lines (coordinate lines)
static bool rotation = false; // Rotate if F2 is pressed
static int old_x, old_y; // Used for mouse event
static int mousePressed;
// Draw the lines (x,y,z)
static void drawings()
{
// Clear the Color Buffer and Depth Buffer
Gl.glClear(Gl.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | Gl.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
Gl.glPushMatrix(); // It is important to push the Matrix before
// calling glRotatef and glTranslatef
Gl.glRotatef(rotX, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // Rotate on x
Gl.glRotatef(rotY, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Rotate on y
Gl.glRotatef(rotZ, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // Rotate on z
if (rotation) // If F2 is pressed update x,y,z for rotation of the cube
{
rotX += 0.2f;
rotY += 0.2f;
rotZ += 0.2f;
}
Gl.glTranslatef(X, Y, Z); // Translates the screen left or right,
// up or down or zoom in zoom out
if (lines) // If F1 is pressed don't draw the lines
{
// Draw the positive side of the lines x,y,z
Gl.glBegin(Gl.GL_LINES);
Gl.glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Green for x axis
Gl.glVertex3f(0f, 0f, 0f);
Gl.glVertex3f(10f, 0f, 0f);
Gl.glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // Red for y axis
Gl.glVertex3f(0f, 0f, 0f);
Gl.glVertex3f(0f, 10f, 0f);
Gl.glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // Blue for z axis
Gl.glVertex3f(0f, 0f, 0f);
Gl.glVertex3f(0f, 0f, 10f);
Gl.glEnd();
// Dotted lines for the negative sides of x,y,z coordinates
Gl.glEnable(Gl.GL_LINE_STIPPLE); // Enable line stipple to use a
// dotted pattern for the lines
Gl.glLineStipple(1, 0x0101); // Dotted stipple pattern for the lines
Gl.glBegin(Gl.GL_LINES);
Gl.glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Green for x axis
Gl.glVertex3f(-10f, 0f, 0f);
Gl.glVertex3f(0f, 0f, 0f);
Gl.glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // Red for y axis
Gl.glVertex3f(0f, 0f, 0f);
Gl.glVertex3f(0f, -10f, 0f);
Gl.glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // Blue for z axis
Gl.glVertex3f(0f, 0f, 0f);
Gl.glVertex3f(0f, 0f, -10f);
Gl.glEnd();
}
// I start to draw my 3D cube
Gl.glBegin(Gl.GL_POLYGON);
// I'm setting a new color for each corner, this creates a rainbow effect
Gl.glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // Set color to blue
Gl.glVertex3f(3.0f, 3.0f, 3.0f);
Gl.glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // Set color to red
Gl.glVertex3f(3.0f, -3.0f, 3.0f);
Gl.glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Set color to green
Gl.glVertex3f(-3.0f, -3.0f, 3.0f);
Gl.glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // Set color to something
//(right now I don't know which color)
Gl.glVertex3f(-3.0f, 3.0f, 3.0f);
Gl.glEnd();
Gl.glBegin(Gl.GL_POLYGON);
Gl.glColor3f(0.50f, 0.50f, 1.0f); // Set a new color
Gl.glVertex3f(3.0f, 3.0f, -3.0f);
Gl.glVertex3f(3.0f, -3.0f, -3.0f);
Gl.glVertex3f(-3.0f, -3.0f, -3.0f);
Gl.glVertex3f(-3.0f, 3.0f, -3.0f);
Gl.glEnd();
Gl.glBegin(Gl.GL_POLYGON);
Gl.glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Set a new color (green)
Gl.glVertex3f(3.0f, 3.0f, 3.0f);
Gl.glVertex3f(3.0f, 3.0f, -3.0f);
Gl.glVertex3f(3.0f, -3.0f, -3.0f);
Gl.glVertex3f(3.0f, -3.0f, 3.0f);
Gl.glEnd();
Gl.glBegin(Gl.GL_POLYGON);
Gl.glColor3f(0.50f, 1.0f, 0.50f);
Gl.glVertex3f(-3.0f, 3.0f, 3.0f);
Gl.glVertex3f(-3.0f, -3.0f, 3.0f);
Gl.glVertex3f(-3.0f, -3.0f, -3.0f);
Gl.glVertex3f(-3.0f, 3.0f, -3.0f);
Gl.glEnd();
Gl.glBegin(Gl.GL_POLYGON);
Gl.glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
Gl.glVertex3f(3.0f, 3.0f, 3.0f);
Gl.glVertex3f(3.0f, 3.0f, -3.0f);
Gl.glVertex3f(-3.0f, 3.0f, -3.0f);
Gl.glVertex3f(-3.0f, 3.0f, 3.0f);
Gl.glEnd();
Gl.glBegin(Gl.GL_POLYGON);
Gl.glColor3f(1.0f, 0.50f, 0.50f);
Gl.glVertex3f(3.0f, -3.0f, 3.0f);
Gl.glVertex3f(3.0f, -3.0f, -3.0f);
Gl.glVertex3f(-3.0f, -3.0f, -3.0f);
Gl.glVertex3f(-3.0f, -3.0f, 3.0f);
Gl.glEnd();
Gl.glDisable(Gl.GL_LINE_STIPPLE); // Disable the line stipple
Glut.glutPostRedisplay(); // Redraw the scene
Gl.glPopMatrix(); // Don't forget to pop the Matrix
Glut.glutSwapBuffers();
}
// Initialize the OpenGL window
static void init()
{
Gl.glShadeModel(Gl.GL_SMOOTH); // Set the shading model to smooth
Gl.glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 0.0f); // Clear the Color
// Clear the Color and Depth Buffer
Gl.glClear(Gl.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | Gl.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
Gl.glClearDepth(1.0f); // Set the Depth buffer value (ranges[0,1])
Gl.glEnable(Gl.GL_DEPTH_TEST); // Enable Depth test
Gl.glDepthFunc(Gl.GL_LEQUAL); // If two objects on the same coordinate
// show the first drawn
Gl.glHint(Gl.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, Gl.GL_NICEST);
}
// This function is called whenever the window size is changed
static void reshape(int w, int h)
{
Gl.glViewport(0, 0, w, h); // Set the viewport
Gl.glMatrixMode(Gl.GL_PROJECTION); // Set the Matrix mode
Gl.glLoadIdentity();
Glu.gluPerspective(75f, (float)w / (float)h, 0.10f, 500.0f);
Gl.glMatrixMode(Gl.GL_MODELVIEW);
Gl.glLoadIdentity();
Glu.gluLookAt(rotLx, rotLy, 15.0f +
rotLz, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
}
// This function is used for the navigation keys
public static void keyboard(byte key, int x, int y)
{
switch (key)
{
// x,X,y,Y,z,Z uses the glRotatef() function
case 120: // x // Rotates screen on x axis
rotX -= 2.0f;
break;
case 88: // X // Opposite way
rotX += 2.0f;
break;
case 121: // y // Rotates screen on y axis
rotY -= 2.0f;
break;
case 89: // Y // Opposite way
rotY += 2.0f;
break;
case 122: // z // Rotates screen on z axis
rotZ -= 2.0f;
break;
case 90: // Z // Opposite way
rotZ += 2.0f;
break;
// j,J,k,K,l,L uses the gluLookAt function for navigation
case 106: // j
rotLx -= 2.0f;
Gl.glMatrixMode(Gl.GL_MODELVIEW);
Gl.glLoadIdentity();
Glu.gluLookAt(rotLx, rotLy, 15.0 + rotLz,
0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
break;
case 74: // J
rotLx += 2.0f;
Gl.glMatrixMode(Gl.GL_MODELVIEW);
Gl.glLoadIdentity();
Glu.gluLookAt(rotLx, rotLy, 15.0 + rotLz,
0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
break;
case 107: // k
rotLy -= 2.0f;
Gl.glMatrixMode(Gl.GL_MODELVIEW);
Gl.glLoadIdentity();
Glu.gluLookAt(rotLx, rotLy, 15.0 + rotLz,
0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
break;
case 75: // K
rotLy += 2.0f;
Gl.glMatrixMode(Gl.GL_MODELVIEW);
Gl.glLoadIdentity();
Glu.gluLookAt(rotLx, rotLy, 15.0 + rotLz,
0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
break;
case 108: // (l) It has a special case when the rotLZ becomes
// less than -15 the screen is viewed from the opposite side
// therefore this if statement below does not allow
// rotLz be less than -15
if (rotLz + 14 >= 0)
rotLz -= 2.0f;
Gl.glMatrixMode(Gl.GL_MODELVIEW);
Gl.glLoadIdentity();
Glu.gluLookAt(rotLx, rotLy, 15.0 + rotLz,
0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
break;
case 76: // L
rotLz += 2.0f;
Gl.glMatrixMode(Gl.GL_MODELVIEW);
Gl.glLoadIdentity();
Glu.gluLookAt(rotLx, rotLy, 15.0 + rotLz,
0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
break;
case 98: // b // Rotates on x axis by -90 degree
rotX -= 90.0f;
break;
case 66: // B // Rotates on y axis by 90 degree
rotX += 90.0f;
break;
case 110: // n // Rotates on y axis by -90 degree
rotY -= 90.0f;
break;
case 78: // N // Rotates on y axis by 90 degree
rotY += 90.0f;
break;
case 109: // m // Rotates on z axis by -90 degree
rotZ -= 90.0f;
break;
case 77: // M // Rotates on z axis by 90 degree
rotZ += 90.0f;
break;
case 111: // o // Resets all parameters
case 80: // O // Displays the cube in the starting position
rotation = false;
X = Y = 0.0f;
Z = 0.0f;
rotX = 0.0f;
rotY = 0.0f;
rotZ = 0.0f;
rotLx = 0.0f;
rotLy = 0.0f;
rotLz = 0.0f;
Gl.glMatrixMode(Gl.GL_MODELVIEW);
Gl.glLoadIdentity();
Glu.gluLookAt(rotLx, rotLy, 15.0f + rotLz,
0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
break;
}
Glut.glutPostRedisplay(); // Redraw the scene
}
// Called on special key pressed
private static void specialKey(int key, int x, int y)
{
// Check which key is pressed
switch (key)
{
case Glut.GLUT_KEY_LEFT: // Rotate on x axis
X -= 2.0f;
break;
case Glut.GLUT_KEY_RIGHT: // Rotate on x axis (opposite)
X += 2.0f;
break;
case Glut.GLUT_KEY_UP: // Rotate on y axis
Y += 2.0f;
break;
case Glut.GLUT_KEY_DOWN: // Rotate on y axis (opposite)
Y -= 2.0f;
break;
case Glut.GLUT_KEY_PAGE_UP: // Rotate on z axis
Z -= 2.0f;
break;
case Glut.GLUT_KEY_PAGE_DOWN:// Rotate on z axis (opposite)
Z += 2.0f;
break;
case Glut.GLUT_KEY_F1: // Enable/Disable coordinate lines
lines = !lines;
break;
case Glut.GLUT_KEY_F2: // Enable/Disable automatic rotation
rotation = !rotation;
break;
default:
break;
}
Glut.glutPostRedisplay(); // Redraw the scene
}
// Capture the mouse click event
static void processMouseActiveMotion(int button, int state, int x, int y)
{
mousePressed = button; // Capture which mouse button is down
old_x = x; // Capture the x value
old_y = y; // Capture the y value
}
// Translate the x,y windows coordinates to OpenGL coordinates
static void processMouse(int x, int y)
{
if ((mousePressed == 0)) // If left mouse button is pressed
{
X = (x - old_x) / 15; // I did divide by 15 to adjust
// for a nice translation
Y = -(y - old_y) / 15;
}
Glut.glutPostRedisplay();
}
// Get the mouse wheel direction
static void processMouseWheel(int wheel, int direction, int x, int y)
{
Z += direction; // Adjust the Z value
Glut.glutPostRedisplay();
}
// Main Starts
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Glut.glutInit(); // Initialize glut
// Setup display mode to double buffer and RGB color
Glut.glutInitDisplayMode(Glut.GLUT_DOUBLE | Glut.GLUT_RGB);
// Set the screen size
Glut.glutInitWindowSize(600, 600);
Glut.glutCreateWindow("OpenGL 3D Navigation Program With Tao");
init();
Glut.glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
Glut.glutDisplayFunc(drawings);
// Set window's key callback
Glut.glutKeyboardFunc(new Glut.KeyboardCallback(keyboard));
// Set window's to specialKey callback
Glut.glutSpecialFunc(new Glut.SpecialCallback(specialKey));
// Set window's to Mouse callback
Glut.glutMouseFunc(new Glut.MouseCallback(processMouseActiveMotion));
// Set window's to motion callback
Glut.glutMotionFunc(new Glut.MotionCallback(processMouse));
// Set window's to mouse motion callback
Glut.glutMouseWheelFunc(new Glut.MouseWheelCallback(processMouseWheel));
Glut.glutMainLoop();
}
}
}
History
- 20th February, 2008: Initial post