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Lefteris Gkinis wrote: 1.What is the Roles for a programmer?
"SQL Server provides server-level roles to help you manage the permissions on a server. These roles are security principals that group other principals. Server-level roles are server-wide in their permissions scope. (Roles are like groups in the Windows operating system.)"
Source[^]
Lefteris Gkinis wrote: 2.What is the role of the Schemas owned by this… which related with them?
"CREATE SCHEMA can create a schema, the tables and views it contains, and GRANT, REVOKE, or DENY permissions on any securable in a single statement."
Source[^]
Lefteris Gkinis wrote: 3.What is the meaning and the use for Securables in Roles
"Securables are the resources to which the SQL Server Database Engine authorization system regulates access. For example, a table is a securable. Some securables can be contained within others, creating nested hierarchies called "scopes" that can themselves be secured. The securable scopes are server, database, and schema."
Source[^]
Lefteris Gkinis wrote: 4.Why we add Users to a Role?
"Roles can simplify security administration in databases with a large number of users or with a complex security system."
Source[^]
Lefteris Gkinis wrote: 5.How we may handle the Roles in conjunction with to the Users, inside of a project?
That depends on the project, and it's specific needs. There's no alternative but to read the entire thing[^] - this isn't a topic that can be condensed to a few guidelines.
Bastard Programmer from Hell 
If you can't read my code, try converting it here[^]
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hi,
am adding new record for every transaction,then how to get the last 3 transaction values.
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It would be best to have a TIMESTAMP column that defaults to CURRENT_TIMESTAMP .. it is the only true predictive behavior you can find here.
The second-best thing you can do is ORDER BY ID DESC LIMIT 1 and hope the newest ID is the largest value.
check this also accessing-last-inserted-row-in-mysql[^]
Hope it will help..
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Not only one record. there exist duplicates(Means no primary key)
get the last inserted 3 records for the same id
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Member 10263519 wrote: am adding new record for every transaction,then how to get the last 3 transaction values
You can't get them at transaction-level, as they don't exist at that level. A transaction can touch multiple tables, so those 3 "last values" might be all in different tables (or in the same record).
If you're trying to write an audit, look into triggers.
Bastard Programmer from Hell
If you can't read my code, try converting it here[^]
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Hi,
I have a POS machine which is developed in C# .NET windows application and MySQL backend. The application will be installed locally on more than one outlet.
How can I make sure users in outlet won't mess with the database if any smart guy there! I though of hdoing it using MySQL users but I make a limited users then my applicaton won't be able to write to the database?
What can I do? What's your advise?
Thanks
Jassim
Technology News @ www.JassimRahma.com
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of course you use security and you give your application it's own identity. your app logs on using those creds.
Never underestimate the power of human stupidity
RAH
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Jassim Rahma wrote: How can I make sure users in outlet won't mess with the database if any
Your average user doesn't know SQL; so there's no issue there.
You've asked this question before. He who owns the computer, is the local admin, and owns the database and everything in it. Resetting would be easy[^].
If you don't want them to peek in "your" database, then your only option is to not give them your database. Host it on your own machine, and put that machine there - or provide access using webservices.
Bastard Programmer from Hell
If you can't read my code, try converting it here[^]
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You move all your SQL and DML over to Stored Procedures, add one user to the database that only has permissions to use these procedures and no permissions on any tables at all.
Now call these procedures from your application using this user. Make sure that the clients don't have access permissions to the database via the OS.
<edit>Eddy is of course right, there's no safe way to do it, you can only make it harder for the users.
Next step is to consider encryption of the tables, but the problem here is of course the same. If the database is on the machine, so are the encryption key.</edit>
modified 31-Jan-14 4:38am.
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Hi, I need some guidance on the following scenario:
I need to create a historic inventory of number of rooms sold per hotel.
A transactional table stores data in the following columns
IdHotel, CheckInDate, CheckOutDate, NoRooms
I need to generate a table with 365 records/days per year per hotel as follows:
hotel1, 01/Jan/2014, 1 room
hotel1,02/Jan/2014,2 rooms
hotel1,03/Jan/2014,2 rooms
hotel1,04/Jan/2014,0 rooms
.
.
.
.
.
.
hotel1, 01/Nov/2014, 1 room
hotel1, 02/Nov/2014, 1 room
hotel1, 03/Nov/2014, 1 room
.
.
.
.
.
I am a bit lost as to how to approach this problem for a solution.
I do not need the actual code. Just a hint on how to solve this problem.
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Select hotel,date,sum(no rooms )from table where datepart(yy,datefied)=2013 group by( hotel,date)
That should give you some ideas, get a book on tsql and work through it,you will find it invaluable .
Never underestimate the power of human stupidity
RAH
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I have some quite dirty solution
1. Create a dummy table of an int column stores 1...365
2. Select DATEADD 1/1/2014 with an int from table above. You'll get all "dates" in 2014.
3. Select COUNT on your transaction GROUP BY date from (2).
If you want to count how many rooms had been sold each day, you might need to count by matching CheckInDate.
If you want to count how many rooms were occupied each day, you might need to count by seeing if the "date" within CheckInDate & CheckOutDate.
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so,the hotel name is same ?
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chichocojo wrote: I need to generate a table with 365 records/days per year per hotel as follows:
You do realise than some years have 366 days, right? 
You can generate a list of all days in a given year by using a tally-table (or a common table expression which generates a tally table), along with the DateAdd function:
DECLARE <a href="/Members/Year">@Year</a>int = 2014;
DECLARE @StartDate date = Convert(date, Convert(char(4), <a href="/Members/Year">@Year</a> + '0101');
WITH cte1 (N) As
(
SELECT 1
UNION ALL SELECT 1
UNION ALL SELECT 1
UNION ALL SELECT 1
UNION ALL SELECT 1
UNION ALL SELECT 1
UNION ALL SELECT 1
UNION ALL SELECT 1
),
cte2 (N) As
(
SELECT TOP 366
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)) - 1
FROM
cte1 As A
CROSS JOIN cte1 As B
CROSS JOIN cte1 As C
),
cteDates (Value) As
(
SELECT
DateAdd(day, N, @StartDate)
FROM
cte2
WHERE
Year(DateAdd(day, N, @StartDate)) = <a href="/Members/Year">@Year</a>
)
SELECT
Value
FROM
cteDates
ORDER BY
Value
;
"These people looked deep within my soul and assigned me a number based on the order in which I joined."
- Homer
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I am using database project in my solution. I Need to know how to synchronize source(in sql server management studio) and target(in your solution) databases, in case when someone update the schema from Sql server IDE. Let me know if you need more clarity on the question.
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I have trouble with the whole idea that you the owner of the database do not control who and when the code is changed. You should be controlling who ans when someone or an application updates the code
Never underestimate the power of human stupidity
RAH
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Hi, please help me optimize this query
SELECT DISTINCT CC_STRINGENTEREXIT(ems.passdatetime,
(Select emsqi.PLATENUMBER from EMSQUIRKINFO emsqi
where emsqi.emsinfoid = ems.emsinfoid)
) as DetailEnterExit,
CC_DURATIONENTEREXIT(
(Select emsqi.PLATENUMBER from EMSQUIRKINFO emsqi
where emsqi.emsinfoid = ems.emsinfoid)
, ems.passdatetime) as DurationInZone
FROM EMSINFO ems
where
trunc(ems.passdatetime) = trunc(to_date('26-DEC-13 11.46.56', 'DD-Mon-YY HH24:MI:SS')) AND
CC_GETNEXTENTER(ems.EMSINFOID,
(Select emsqi.PLATENUMBER from EMSQUIRKINFO emsqi
where emsqi.emsinfoid = ems.emsinfoid)
, ems.PASSDATETIME) <> 0 and
CC_CheckForExit(ems.PASSDATETIME,
(
select ems2.PASSDATETIME from EMSINFO ems2
where ems2.EMSINFOID = CC_GETNEXTENTER(ems.EMSINFOID,
(Select emsqi.PLATENUMBER from EMSQUIRKINFO emsqi
where emsqi.emsinfoid = ems.emsinfoid)
, ems.PASSDATETIME)
),
(Select emsqi.PLATENUMBER from EMSQUIRKINFO emsqi
where emsqi.emsinfoid = ems.emsinfoid)
) <> 0
and ems.masterplatenumber = '150444833' and rownum <100 ;
you see that
1-
Select emsqi.PLATENUMBER from EMSQUIRKINFO emsqi
where emsqi.emsinfoid = ems.emsinfoid
has been repeated multiple time, how do I declare it once and use it as many times as I want.
2-
CC_GETNEXTENTER()
has also been repeated, and in the functions I have a similar Issue, how can I get the value of the function once and use it as many times as I want through the query?
Thanx in advance
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1. You use a join. Something like this: Untested!
SELECT DISTINCT
CC_STRINGENTEREXIT(ems.passdatetime,emsqi.PLATENUMBER) as DetailEnterExit,
CC_DURATIONENTEREXIT(emsqi.PLATENUMBER, ems.passdatetime) as DurationInZone
FROM EMSINFO ems JOIN EMSQUIRKINFO emsqi
ON emsqi.emsinfoid = ems.emsinfoid
WHERE trunc(ems.passdatetime) = trunc(to_date('26-DEC-13 11.46.56', 'DD-Mon-YY HH24:MI:SS'))
AND CC_GETNEXTENTER(ems.EMSINFOID, emsqi.PLATENUMBER, ems.PASSDATETIME) <> 0
AND CC_CheckForExit(ems.PASSDATETIME, (
SELECT ems2.PASSDATETIME from EMSINFO ems2
WHERE ems2.EMSINFOID = CC_GETNEXTENTER(ems.EMSINFOID,emsqi.PLATENUMBER, ems.PASSDATETIME)
),emsqi.PLATENUMBER) <> 0
AND ems.masterplatenumber = '150444833' and rownum <100 ;
2. Use a CTE, Something like this: Still untested!
WITH bla AS (
SELECT CC_STRINGENTEREXIT(ems.passdatetime,emsqi.PLATENUMBER) as DetailEnterExit,
CC_DURATIONENTEREXIT(emsqi.PLATENUMBER, ems.passdatetime) as DurationInZone
CC_GETNEXTENTER(ems.EMSINFOID,emsqi.PLATENUMBER, ems.PASSDATETIME) GetNextEnter
FROM EMSINFO ems JOIN EMSQUIRKINFO emsqi
ON emsqi.emsinfoid = ems.emsinfoid
WHERE trunc(ems.passdatetime) = trunc(to_date('26-DEC-13 11.46.56', 'DD-Mon-YY HH24:MI:SS'))
AND ems.masterplatenumber = '150444833'
)
SELECT DISTINCT
DetailEnterExit,
DurationInZone
WHERE GetNextEnter <> 0
AND CC_CheckForExit(
ems.PASSDATETIME,
(
SELECT ems2.PASSDATETIME from EMSINFO ems2
WHERE ems2.EMSINFOID = GetNextEnter
)
,emsqi.PLATENUMBER) <> 0
AND rownum <100
;
Now, keep in mind that I don't have a clue what your functions do, so my suggestions is only to show you the methodology, It's up to you to see if it gives the right result.
But you want as much of the filtering in the CTE as possible to keep the amount of data down.
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select cs.customer_name, st.staff_name
from Customer cs
inner join Staff st on cs.city_id=st.city_id
(just a sample query, dont ask for its purpose)
I'm quite sure that we need an index on st.city_id to speed things up.
But would an index on cs.city_id make any different?
Because it looks like we have to scan entire Customer table anyway.
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Assuming you are using SQL Server, turn on the Profiler in SSMS and run the query, it will then recommend an index if required.
Never underestimate the power of human stupidity
RAH
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khun_panya wrote: But would an index on cs.city_id make any different?
Most probably it will. The query optimizer decides whether to use an index or not depending on various criteria. If the number of rows in the table is very less, it might do a table scan rather than an index seek. But this is purely left to the optimizer to decide.
khun_panya wrote: Because it looks like we have to scan entire Customer table anyway.
What makes you think so? If execution plan shows a table scan, then either an index does not exist or the number of rows is very less to warrant an index seek.
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Shameel wrote: khun_panya wrote: Because it looks like we have to scan entire Customer table anyway.
What makes you think so? If execution plan shows a table scan, then either an index does not exist or the number of rows is very less to warrant an index seek.
I have not checked for real execution plan. But above query do select with "no filter". So it would have to iterate all the rows in table. That's why I doubt that an index helps in this situation.
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There is a good chance that an index would speed things up.
The advice given so far is sound, however.. indexes are a bit of an art and like all arts you have to experiment occasionally.
Two areas that affect indexes are the number of rows and the frequency of updates and inserts.
For this reason you need to understand some of the theory behind indexes and also be willing to experiment with adding indexes to see what happens and learn from that.
I don't have any links but I would suggest giving yourself a good hour to google and read up on indexes as it will stand you in good stead.
“That which can be asserted without evidence, can be dismissed without evidence.”
― Christopher Hitchens
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Here's[^] a really good link about indexes.
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Hello all,
I ran the trace file and then analysed this data in the Anaylser in SQL Server 2008.
I have a table consisting of 2 million rows, and the analyser recommended 15 indexes. I am fairly new to this company and was not sure how to go about this.
Is there some other way to figure which index would be really required? I have a field which is the Primary Key, a datetime field, a unique identified field.
Thank you!
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