How do I build a table with multiple columns from a string with commas seperating the values?

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C#

SQL

SQL-Server-2014

Hi. I am creating a console application in C#, I need to increase the speed of it and I am converting some of the code to a stored procedure in Ms SQL 2014. I am creating a list with all of the values that need to be in the table. I see that there is a split function that I could split on the commas, but that only seems useful for a table with a single column. My table needs to have at least 5 columns(SSN, Account Number, Earnings, FirstName, LastName). My string looks like this. ( 432-45-4545, 23456, $34,000, George, Bush, 444-00-6565,45633, $25,000, Bill, Clinton......) I need this table(temp) to use it to query a permanent table for values matching SSN.
The string will also be of dynamic length. Might need table to be 5 thousand rows or 20 thousand. I have some basic knowledge of MS Sql but this way is above my head and I can't find a example anywhere. I am mainly a perl, c++ and c# programmer not a database person.