No.
When you use
SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE (CustomerId=value)
It only returns the records which have a "CustomerId" which is the same as "value". Normally, only one customer will have this value (or you wouldn't know which customer was which), so it returns a single record only.
It's a bit like bank accounts:
SELECT * FROM Accounts
Will return every account in the bank,
SELECT * FROM Accounts WHERE (AccountNumber=MyAccountNumber)
Will only return my details.