The only real answer is a qualified "maybe".
It depends on the monitor, for example. Some do not know their serial number - mine doesn't. The same applies to keyboard and mice, only more so because they are generally much cheaper products.
However, if you can get it, it is via WMI or the registry. There is a link here which goes into how to get the monitor details via the registry:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7270519/monitor-id-and-serial-number[
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I think you will have problems if you are trying to use this as a security mechanism though!