This is a really great idea to do something good for children, something which should stimulate creativity, not consumerism like most of the resources!
But first, you need to grow up enough to apply some critical thinking and logic :-). HTML5 Canvas is maybe the best opportunity these days, but it actually uses Javascript for creation of graphics and animating it (or adding interactive behavior). And jQuery is just the Javascript library. Some compare apples and oranges, but you try to compare an apple with… the same very apple, did not ask about anything alternative.
I want to say that HTML Canvas would really be a very good choice:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5_Canvas[
^].
(Without this feature, I would ask you if you can rather use some server-side technology, but such approach cannot compete with client-side based HTML Canvas in performance.)
Look how amazing it can be:
http://code.tutsplus.com/articles/21-ridiculously-impressive-html5-canvas-experiments--net-14210[
^].
There is a lot of different manuals on the technology. I don't want to provide any references; you can better find what is the most suitable for you by yourself. This one even explains the techniques used to create a graphical editor:
http://appcobra.wordpress.com/2013/03/02/creating-an-image-editor-in-html5[
^].
I hope you can find enough information on how to create the colorizer you want, but I think you can invent a lot more. If you approach to this work with love.
Best wishes,
—SA