<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<!-- saved from url=(0084)http://www.codeproject.com/script/Submit/ViewHTML.asp?guid=%2Fbitmap%2FCXImage%2Easp -->
<!-- HTML for article "CxImage" by Davide Pizzolato,Davide Pizzolato
URL: http://www.codeproject.com/bitmap/cximage.asp
Article content copyright Davide Pizzolato,Davide Pizzolato
All formatting, additions and alterations Copyright � CodeProject, 2003
--><!----------------------------- Ignore -----------------------------><HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"><LINK
href="ViewHTML_file/global.css" type=text/css rel=stylesheet>
<META content="MSHTML 6.00.2800.1126" name=GENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<P><b>
<H2>CxImage</h2>
</b><p></P>
<P><IMG height=456 alt="" src="cximage.png" width=631></P>
<H2>Introduction</H2>
<P><CODE>CxImage</CODE> is a C++ class to manage virtually any kind of images.
It can load, save, display, transform images in a very simple and fast way.
</p>
<P><i>Why another image library?</i> Around there are many good libraries (OpenIL,
FreeImage, PaintLib ...), these are powerful, complete, and constantly updated.
However if you ever try to use them, you may find some difficulties; because
these libraries are mainly platform independent, written in C, sometimes with
a basic C++ wrapper and with tons of compiler switch declarations. Now with
the new GDI+ classes on the scene, maybe CxImage isn't so useful, but at least
here you have the source code. It is not a MFC library, altogether it's a windows
library, because of some particular constructors and the painting functions,
but the backbone is platform independent.</P>
<ul>
<li><a href="#License">License</a></li>
<li><a href="#news">What's new</a></li>
<li><a href="#structure">CxImage structure</a></li>
<li><a href="#members">Class members & operations</a></li>
<li><a href="#options">Supported formats and options</a></li>
<li><a href="#projects">Using CxImage in your projects</a></li>
<li><a href="#custom">Adding your custom functions in CxImage</a></li>
<li><a href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
<li><a href="#history">History & credits</a></li>
</ul>
<H2>License<a name="License"></a></H2>
<P>The class CxImage is <B>free</B>; as for the TIFF, JPEG, PNG and ZLIB libraries
: "<i>If you use this source code in a product, acknowledgment is not required
but would be appreciated.</i>"</P>
<P>Most of the graphic formats available with CxImage are free and don't require
a license. The exceptions are:</P>
<ul>
<li><b>JBG</b> : the Jbg library is distributed under the GPL license, and some
of its algorithms are patented.</li>
<li><b>GIF</b> : the LZW algorithm is patented by Unisys. The TIFF library is
also partially affected by this.<br>
With the release 5.00, CxImage uses RLE compression as default for GIF images,
it is less efficient but it's free; the other options are "lzw" and "uncompressed".
CxImage can also read and write truecolor images with the GIF format, it is
an useless option, because the result is larger than a BMP, just try it if
you are curious, IE5 loads correctly this format.</li>
</ul>
<p>With <code>CxImage</code> it's a simple operation to remove a specific format,
you are free to make your choice.</p>
<H2>What's new in version 5.71<a name="news"></a></H2>
<UL>
<li>See file 'history.htm' for the complete list.
<li>new formats: JP2, JPC, PGX, PNM, RAS (through JasPer)
<li>new functions: <code>Jitter</code>, <code>Skew</code>
<li>fixed RGB2GRAY macro, and <code>RotateLeft</code>, <code>RotateRight</code>
function for 1 bpp images
<li>fixed <code>SelectionAddPolygon</code> when the polygon touches the image
borders.
<li>fixed EXIF reader.
<li>CxImageBMP now reads OS2 bitmaps<code>.</code>
<li>CxImageTIF::EncodeBody : better error handling, and switch for different
compression tags.
<li>new CxImageCrtDll.dsp project, to build a dll without mfc.
<li>... </li>
</UL>
<H2>CxImage structure<a name="structure"></a></H2>
<P>In the vertical hierarchy of the library, CxImage stays on the top of the other
modules, it's not a clean OOP approach, but the result was good since the first
release and now it's too late to change again. Anyway you can always use the
derived classes to perform the format specific operations, like for <code>CxImageTIF</code>
to save multipage TIFFs.<br>
The glue to connect all the modules and the C libraries is <code>CxFile</code>,
a virtual class that provides the standard methods to access the data from a
file on the disk or in memory.</P>
<p> <img height=126 alt="" src="structure.png"
width=693></p>
<P>A Cximage object is basically a bitmap, with the addition of some member variables
to store useful information:</P>
<P></P>
<PRE> class CxImage
{
...
protected:
void* pDib; //contains the header, the palette, the pixels
BITMAPINFOHEADER head; //standard header
CXIMAGEINFO info; //extended information
BYTE* pSelection; //selected region
BYTE* pAlpha; //alpha channel
CxImage** pLayers; //generic layers
}</PRE>
<P><CODE>CxImage::head</CODE> is the bitmap header and
<CODE>CxImage::pDib</CODE> is a normal bitmap (as you can see in the
implementation of
<CODE>CxImageBMP::Encode</CODE>).<BR>
<CODE>CxImage::info</CODE> is a handy container of many information shared between
different formats, and for all the member functions.</P>
<PRE>typedef struct tagCxImageInfo {
DWORD dwEffWidth; //DWORD aligned scan line width
BYTE* pImage; //THE IMAGE BITS
void* pGhost; //if this is a ghost, pGhost point to the body
DWORD dwType; //original image format
char szLastError[256]; //debugging
long nProgress; //monitor
long nEscape; //escape
long nBkgndIndex; //used for GIF, PNG, MNG
RGBQUAD nBkgndColor; //used for RGB transparency
BYTE nQuality; //used for JPEG
long nFrame; //used for TIF, GIF, MNG : actual frame
long nNumFrames; //used for TIF, GIF, MNG : total number of frames
DWORD dwFrameDelay; //used for GIF, MNG
long xDPI; //horizontal resolution
long yDPI; //vertical resolution
RECT rSelectionBox; //bounding rectangle
BYTE nAlphaMax; //max opacity (fade)
bool bAlphaPaletteEnabled; //true if alpha values in the palette are enabled.
bool bEnabled; //enables the painting functions
long xOffset;
long yOffset;
DWORD dwEncodeOption; //for GIF, TIF : 0=def.1=unc,2=fax3,3=fax4,4=pack,5=jpg
RGBQUAD last_c; //for GetNearestIndex optimization
BYTE last_c_index;
bool last_c_isvalid;
long nNumLayers;<br> DWORD dwFlags;<br>} CXIMAGEINFO;</PRE>
<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td>
<p>A CxImage object is also a set of layers. The buffers in each layer are
allocated only when necessary.</p>
<p><code>CxImage::pDib</code> is the background image. <code>CxImage::pAlpha</code>
is the transparency layer. <code>CxImage::pSelection</code> is the selection
layer, used to create regions of interest for image processing.<br>
Over these 3 specific planes, you can add other generic layers, stored
in <code>CxImage::pLayers</code>. The generic layers are full <code>CxImage</code>
objects, so you can build complex structures of nested layers.</p>
</td>
<td valign="top"><img src="layers.jpg" width="486" height="177"></td>
</tr>
</table>
<H2>CxImage Class Members & Operations<a name="members"></a></H2>
<A
href="http://www.aoi.it/cximage_reference.htm">CxImage Class Members & Operations</A>
[<A href="http://www.aoi.it/cximage_reference.htm"
target=_blank>^</A>]
<H2>Supported formats and options<a name="options"></a></H2>
<P>The whole library is quite big, in the main header file<b> <i>ximage.h</i></b>
you'll find the switches to enable or disable a specific graphic format or feature.
Each JPG, PNG and TIFF library adds about 100KB to the final application, while
the<CODE> CxImage</CODE> impact is about 50KB. So you should support and link
only the formats that your application really needs.</P>
<table width="100%" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
<tr>
<td width="43%"><b>formats</b></td>
<td width="20%"><b>#define</b></td>
<td width="27%"><b>required libraries</b></td>
<td width="10%"><b>size [Kbyte]</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="43%">BMP<br>
GIF<br>
ICO<br>
TGA<br>
PCX<br>
WBMP<br>
WMF<br>
</td>
<td width="20%"> CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_BMP<br>
CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_GIF<br>
CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_ICO<br>
CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_TGA<br>
CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_PCX<br>
CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_WBMP<br>
CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_WMF<br>
</td>
<td width="27%">
<div align="center">built in</div>
</td>
<td width="10%">
<div align="center">24</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="43%">JPEG</td>
<td width="20%"> CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_JPG<br>
</td>
<td width="27%">
<div align="center">jpeg</div>
</td>
<td width="10%">
<div align="center">88</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="43%">PNG</td>
<td width="20%"> CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_PNG<br>
</td>
<td width="27%">
<div align="center">png, zlib</div>
</td>
<td width="10%">
<div align="center">104</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="43%">MNG</td>
<td width="20%"> CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_MNG<br>
</td>
<td width="27%">
<div align="center">mng, zlib, jpeg</div>
</td>
<td width="10%">
<div align="center">148</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="43%">TIFF</td>
<td width="20%"> CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_TIF<br>
</td>
<td width="27%">
<div align="center">tiff, zlib, jpeg</div>
</td>
<td width="10%">
<div align="center">124</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="43%">JBIG</td>
<td width="20%">CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_JBG</td>
<td width="27%">
<div align="center">jbig</div>
</td>
<td width="10%">
<div align="center">28</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="43%">PNM,PPM,PGM<br>
RAS </td>
<td width="20%"> CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_PNM<br>
CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_RAS</td>
<td width="27%">
<div align="center">jasper</div>
</td>
<td width="10%">
<div align="center">176</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="43%">JPEG-2000<br>
</td>
<td width="20%"> CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_JP2<br>
CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_JPC<br>
CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_PGX<br>
</td>
<td width="27%">
<div align="center">jasper</div>
</td>
<td width="10%">
<div align="center">176</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<TABLE cellSpacing=0 width="100%" border=1 cellpadding="2">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<td width="43%"><b>Option</b></td>
<TD width="47%"><b>#define</b></TD>
<TD width="10%"><B>Size [Kbyte]</B></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<td width="43%">CxImage core</td>
<TD width="47%">all switches off</TD>
<TD width="10%">20</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<td width="43%" height="13"> geometric transformations</td>
<td width="47%" height="13"> CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_TRANSFORMATION</td>
<TD width="10%" height="13">16</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<td width="43%">image processing</td>
<td width="47%">CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_DSP</td>
<TD width="10%">24</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<td width="43%">drawing and windows specific functions</td>
<td width="47%">CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_WINDOWS</td>
<TD width="10%">12</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<td width="43%">transparency</td>
<td width="47%">CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_ALPHA</td>
<TD width="10%">4</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<td width="43%">selections</td>
<td width="47%">CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_SELECTION</td>
<TD width="10%">4</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<td width="43%">multiple layers</td>
<td width="47%">CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_LAYERS</td>
<TD width="10%"> < 4</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<td width="43%">graphic formats conversion<br>
</td>
<td width="47%">CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_DECODE<br>
CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_ENCODE </td>
<TD width="10%">< 4</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY>
</TABLE>
<H2>Using CxImage in your projects<a name="projects"></a></H2>
<TABLE width="100%" border=0>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top>
<p>The <b>CxImgLib.dsw</b> workspace shows the libraries required to build
an application (demo.exe) including almost all the features and the formats
available in CxImage. You must compile all the libraries before you can
link the final application.<br>
In the same workspace you'll find the projects to build different libraries
and applications:</p>
<ul>
<li>CxImage : <i>cximage.lib</i> - static library</li>
<li>CxImageCrtDll : <i>cximagecrt.dll</i> - DLL not using mfc</li>
<li>CxImageMfcDll : <i>cximage.dll</i> - DLL using mfc</li>
<li>Demo : <i>demo.exe</i> - program linked with <i>cximage.lib </i> and
the C libraries</li>
<li>DemoDll : <i>demodll.exe</i> - program linked with <i>cximagecrt.dll</i></li>
<li>j2k,jasper,jbig,jpeg,png,tiff,zlib : static C libraries</li>
</ul>
<p>Building the projects will need some minutes to complete (the intermediate
files occupy 60MB!). When everything is done, select the demo project
and launch the application.</p>
</TD>
<TD><b>CxImgLib.dsw</b><br>
<img src="tree.png" width="151" height="193"></TD>
</TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P>To use CxImage in your project, you must edit these settings:
<PRE>Project Settings<br> |- C/C++<br> | |- Code Generation<br> | | |- Use run-time library : Multithreaded DLL (must be the same for all the linked libraries)
| | |- Struct member alignment : must be the same for all the linked libraries<br> | |- Precompiled headers : not using precompiled headers<br> | |- Preprocessor<br> | |- Additional Include Directories: ..\cximage<br> |- Link<br> |- General<br> |- Object/library modules: ../png/Debug/png.lib ../jpeg/Debug/jpeg.lib ../zlib/Debug/zlib.lib ../tiff/Debug/tiff.lib ../cximage/Debug/cximage.lib ...</PRE>
<P>
<H2>Adding your custom functions in CxImage<a name="custom"></a></h2>
<P>Writing a new function for image processing is not so hard with CxImage. Here
I'm going to describe <code>CxImage::Jitter</code>, it's very simple but it
shows many aspects to take care when you work inside CxImage. The first thing,
of course, is the declaration : <code>bool Jitter(long radius=2);</code> in
the CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_DSP section of ximage.h, you can declare the function everywhere
in the <code>public</code> scope of the class. And now the definition:
<pre>bool CxImage::Jitter(long radius)
{
// check if the image is valid, this should be always the first line in the function
if (!pDib) return false;
// local variables
long nx,ny;
// temporary image to store the partial results of the algorithm
CxImage tmp(*this,pSelection!=0,true,true);
// limit the effects of the functions only in the smallest rectangle that
// holds the selected region (defined with the Selection...() functions ),
// this will speed up the loops.
long xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax;
if (pSelection){
xmin = info.rSelectionBox.left; xmax = info.rSelectionBox.right;
ymin = info.rSelectionBox.bottom; ymax = info.rSelectionBox.top;
} else {
xmin = ymin = 0;
xmax = head.biWidth; ymax=head.biHeight;
}
// main loop : scan the image in vertical direction
for(long y=ymin; y <ymax; y++){
// monitor the progress of the loops
info.nProgress = (long)(100*y/head.biHeight);
// let the application a way to exit quickly
if (info.nEscape) break;
// main loop : scan the image in horizontal direction
for(long x=xmin; x<xmax; x++){
// if the feature is enabled, process only the pixels inside the selected region
#if CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_SELECTION
if (SelectionIsInside(x,y))
#endif //CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_SELECTION
{
// main algorithm
nx=x+(long)((rand()/(float)RAND_MAX - 0.5)*(radius*2));
ny=y+(long)((rand()/(float)RAND_MAX - 0.5)*(radius*2));
if (!IsInside(nx,ny)) {
nx=x;
ny=y;
}
// save the result in the temporary image.
// if you can, use PixelColor only for 24 bpp images,
// and PixelIndex for 8, 4 and 1 bpp images : it's faster
if (head.biClrUsed==0){
tmp.SetPixelColor(x,y,GetPixelColor(nx,ny));
} else {
tmp.SetPixelIndex(x,y,GetPixelIndex(nx,ny));
}
// if the feature is enabled, process also the pixels in the alpha layer
#if CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_ALPHA
tmp.AlphaSet(x,y,AlphaGet(nx,ny));
#endif //CXIMAGE_SUPPORT_ALPHA
}
}
}
// save the result and exit
Transfer(tmp);
return true;
}
</pre>
<P><BR>
<H2>Examples: how to ...<a name="examples"></a></H2>
<H2>... convert from a format to another</H2>
<pre>
CxImage image;
// bmp -> jpg
image.Load("image.bmp", CXIMAGE_FORMAT_BMP);
if (image.IsValid()){
if(!image.IsGrayScale()) image.IncreaseBpp(24);
image.SetJpegQuality(99);
image.Save("image.jpg",CXIMAGE_FORMAT_JPG);
}
// png -> tif
image.Load("image.png", CXIMAGE_FORMAT_PNG);
if (image.IsValid()){
image.Save("image.tif",CXIMAGE_FORMAT_TIF);
}
</pre>
<H2>... load an image resource</H2>
<PRE>//Load the resource IDR_PNG1 from the PNG resource type
CxImage* newImage = new CxImage();
newImage->LoadResource(FindResource(NULL,MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_PNG1),
"PNG"),CXIMAGE_FORMAT_PNG);</PRE>or<PRE>//Load the resource IDR_JPG1 from DLL
CxImage* newImage = new CxImage();
HINSTANCE hdll=LoadLibrary("imagelib.dll");
if (hdll){
HRSRC hres=FindResource(hdll,MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_JPG1),"JPG");
newImage->LoadResource(hres,CXIMAGE_FORMAT_JPG,hdll);
FreeLibrary(hdll);
}</PRE>or<PRE>//Load a bitmap resource;
HBITMAP bitmap = ::LoadBitmap(AfxGetInstanceHandle(),<BR> MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDB_BITMAP1)));
CxImage *newImage = new CxImage();
newImage->CreateFromHBITMAP(bitmap);</PRE>
<H2>... decode an image from memory</H2><PRE>CxImage image((BYTE*)buffer,size,image_type);</PRE>or<PRE>CxMemFile memfile((BYTE*)buffer,size);
CxImage image(&memfile,image_type);</PRE>or<PRE>CxMemFile memfile((BYTE*)buffer,size);
CxImage* image = new CxImage();
image->Decode(&memfile,type);</PRE>
<H2>... encode an image in memory</H2><PRE>long size=0;
BYTE* buffer=0;
image.Encode(buffer,size,image_type);
...
free(buffer);</PRE>or<PRE>CxMemFile memfile;
memfile.Open();
image.Encode(&memfile,image_type);
BYTE* buffer = memfile.GetBuffer();
long size = memfile.Size();
...
free(buffer);</PRE>
<H2>... create a multipage TIFF</H2><PRE>CxImage *pimage[3];
pimage[0]=&image1;
pimage[1]=&image2;
pimage[2]=&image3;
FILE* hFile;
hFile = fopen("multipage.tif","w+b");
CxImageTIF multiimage;
multiimage.Encode(hFile,pimage,3);
fclose(hFile);</PRE>or<PRE>FILE* hFile;
hFile = fopen("c:\\multi.tif","w+b");
CxImageTIF image;
image.Load("c:\\1.tif",CXIMAGE_FORMAT_TIF);
image.Encode(hFile,true);
image.Load("c:\\2.bmp",CXIMAGE_FORMAT_BMP);
image.Encode(hFile,true);
image.Load("c:\\3.png",CXIMAGE_FORMAT_PNG);
image.Encode(hFile);
fclose(hFile);
</PRE>
<H2>... copy/paste an image</H2><PRE>//copy
HANDLE hDIB = image->CopyToHandle();
if (::OpenClipboard(AfxGetApp()->m_pMainWnd->GetSafeHwnd())) {
if(::EmptyClipboard()) {
if (::SetClipboardData(CF_DIB,hDIB) == NULL ) {
AfxMessageBox( "Unable to set Clipboard data" );
} } }
CloseClipboard();
//paste
HANDLE hBitmap=NULL;
CxImage *newima = new CxImage();
if (OpenClipboard()) hBitmap=GetClipboardData(CF_DIB);
if (hBitmap) newima->CreateFromHANDLE(hBitmap);
CloseClipboard();</PRE>
<H2>... display a file in a picture box</H2><PRE>CxImage image("myfile.png", CXIMAGE_FORMAT_PNG);
HBITMAP m_bitmap = image.MakeBitmap(m_picture.GetDC()->m_hDC);
m_picture.SetBitmap(m_bitmap);
</PRE>
<H2>History and credits.<a name="history"></a></H2>
<P>Starting form my <CODE>CxDib</CODE> class, that implements memory DIBs only,
I tried to add some members to read images from files. Looking for a solution,
I found a nice MFC class named <CODE>CImage</CODE> on the net, release 1.4 (1998).
<CODE>CImage</CODE> supports BMP, GIF, PNG and JPG, but suffers many little
bugs and uses a complex class structure, so I decided to strip it to the base
and merge <CODE>CxDib</CODE> with the <CODE>CImage</CODE> philosophy, to obtain
the new <CODE>CxImage</CODE> class. Also I updated the libraries for JPG, PNG
and ZLIB.<BR>
With <CODE>CxImage</CODE> is very easy to add new image types, so I added the
TIFF library (rev. 6) and a minimal support for <CODE>ICON</CODE>s, MNG, TGA
and PCX. Finally I added some specific functions to obtain an image from global
<CODE>HANDLE</CODE>s (windows clipboard) and objects (windows resources).<br>
With the release 5, CxImage has now a good support for memory files, new methods
and file formats, and it is more portable: it works also with <A
href="http://www.codeproject.com/ce/png__jpg__etc_on_pocketpc.asp">WinCE</A> and
Linux.</P>
<UL>
<LI>CImage � 1995-1998, Alejandro Aguilar Sierra.<BR>
<LI>IJG JPEG library �1994-1998, Thomas G. Lane.<BR>
<LI>LibPNG version 1.2.4 � 1998-2001 Glenn Randers-Pehrson<BR>
<LI>LibTIFF version 3.5.7 � 1988-1997 Sam Leffler, � 1991-1997 Silicon Graphics,
Inc.
<LI>LibMNG version 1.0.2 � 2000,2001 Gerard Juyn.
<LI>Gif-RLE � Hutchison Avenue Software Corporation, 1998
<LI>LibJ2K� David Janssens, 2001 - 2002
<LI>LibJBG � Markus Kuhn, 2002
<LI>JasPer © Michael David Adams, 2001 - 2003
<LI>zlib © 1995-2002 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler<BR>
<LI>FreeImage 2.4.0 : Design and implementation by Floris van den Berg.
<LI>Thanks to Troels Knakkergaard for his precious work in the earlier versions
of CxImage, Rajiv Ramachandran for <CODE>CTwain</CODE> code; to Abe for multi
page tiffs code; to Chris Shearer Cooper for memory file suggestions and code;
to Brent Corkum for <CODE>BCMenu</CODE> code. </LI>
</UL>
<P>More specific credits and disclaimers are in every header file of each
library.</P>
<H2>Compatibility</H2>
<P>Win95,WinNT, Win98, WinME, W2K, WinXP, <A
href="http://www.codeproject.com/ce/png__jpg__etc_on_pocketpc.asp">WinCE</A>, <A
href="http://www.aoi.it/">Linux</A> = Yes
<P>For any questions, e-mail to: <A
href="mailto:ing.davide.pizzolato@libero.it">ing.davide.pizzolato@libero.it</A>
</P><!----------------------------- Article Ends -----------------------------></BODY></HTML>
Submit an article or tip