DNS.NET Resolver (C#)

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using System.Net.Sockets;

using System.Net.NetworkInformation;

using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging;


/*
 * Network Working Group                                     P. Mockapetris
 * Request for Comments: 1035                                           ISI
 *                                                            November 1987
 *
 *           DOMAIN NAMES - IMPLEMENTATION AND SPECIFICATION
 *
 */
namespace Heijden.DNS
{
	/// <summary>
	/// Resolver is the main class to do DNS query lookups
	/// </summary>
	public class Resolver
	{
		/// <summary>
		/// Version of this set of routines, when not in a library
		/// </summary>
		public string Version
		{
			get
			{
				return System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().Version.ToString();
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Default DNS port
		/// </summary>
		public const int DefaultPort = 53;

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets list of OPENDNS servers
		/// </summary>
		public static readonly IPEndPoint[] DefaultDnsServers = 
			{ 
				new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("208.67.222.222"), DefaultPort), 
				new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("208.67.220.220"), DefaultPort) 
			};

		private ushort m_Unique;
		private bool m_UseCache;
		private bool m_Recursion;
		private int m_Retries;
		private int m_Timeout;
		private TransportType m_TransportType;

		private List<IPEndPoint> m_DnsServers;

		private Dictionary<string,Response> m_ResponseCache;

		/// <summary>
		/// Constructor of Resolver using DNS servers specified.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="DnsServers">Set of DNS servers</param>
		public Resolver(IPEndPoint[] DnsServers)
		{
			m_ResponseCache = new Dictionary<string, Response>();
			m_DnsServers = new List<IPEndPoint>();
			m_DnsServers.AddRange(DnsServers);

			m_Unique = (ushort)(new Random()).Next();
			m_Retries = 3;
			m_Timeout = 1;
			m_Recursion = true;
			m_UseCache = true;
			m_TransportType = TransportType.Udp;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Constructor of Resolver using DNS server specified.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="DnsServer">DNS server to use</param>
		public Resolver(IPEndPoint DnsServer)
			: this(new IPEndPoint[] { DnsServer })
		{
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Constructor of Resolver using DNS server and port specified.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="ServerIpAddress">DNS server to use</param>
		/// <param name="ServerPortNumber">DNS port to use</param>
		public Resolver(IPAddress ServerIpAddress, int ServerPortNumber)
			: this(new IPEndPoint(ServerIpAddress,ServerPortNumber))
		{
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Constructor of Resolver using DNS address and port specified.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="ServerIpAddress">DNS server address to use</param>
		/// <param name="ServerPortNumber">DNS port to use</param>
		public Resolver(string ServerIpAddress, int ServerPortNumber)
			: this(IPAddress.Parse(ServerIpAddress), ServerPortNumber)
		{
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Constructor of Resolver using DNS address.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="ServerIpAddress">DNS server address to use</param>
		public Resolver(string ServerIpAddress)
			: this(IPAddress.Parse(ServerIpAddress), DefaultPort)
		{
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Resolver constructor, using DNS servers specified by Windows
		/// </summary>
		public Resolver()
			: this(GetDnsServers())
		{
		}

		public class VerboseOutputEventArgs : EventArgs
		{
			public string Message;
			public VerboseOutputEventArgs(string Message)
			{
				this.Message = Message;
			}
		}

		private void Verbose(string format, params object[] args)
		{
			if (OnVerbose != null)
				OnVerbose(this, new VerboseEventArgs(string.Format(format, args)));
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Verbose messages from internal operations
		/// </summary>
		public event VerboseEventHandler OnVerbose;
		public delegate void VerboseEventHandler(object sender, VerboseEventArgs e);

		public class VerboseEventArgs : EventArgs
		{
			public string Message;
			public VerboseEventArgs(string Message)
			{
				this.Message = Message;
			}
		}


		/// <summary>
		/// Gets or sets timeout in milliseconds
		/// </summary>
		public int TimeOut
		{
			get
			{
				return m_Timeout;
			}
			set
			{
				m_Timeout = value;
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets or sets number of retries before giving up
		/// </summary>
		public int Retries
		{
			get
			{
				return m_Retries;
			}
			set
			{
				if(value>=1)
					m_Retries = value;
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets or set recursion for doing queries
		/// </summary>
		public bool Recursion
		{
			get
			{
				return m_Recursion;
			}
			set
			{
				m_Recursion = value;
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets or sets protocol to use
		/// </summary>
		public TransportType TransportType
		{
			get
			{
				return m_TransportType;
			}
			set
			{
				m_TransportType = value;
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets or sets list of DNS servers to use
		/// </summary>
		public IPEndPoint[] DnsServers
		{
			get
			{
				return m_DnsServers.ToArray();
			}
			set
			{
				m_DnsServers.Clear();
				m_DnsServers.AddRange(value);
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets first DNS server address or sets single DNS server to use
		/// </summary>
		public string DnsServer
		{
			get
			{
				return m_DnsServers[0].Address.ToString();
			}
			set
			{
				IPAddress ip;
				if (IPAddress.TryParse(value, out ip))
				{
					m_DnsServers.Clear();
					m_DnsServers.Add(new IPEndPoint(ip, DefaultPort));
					return;
				}
				Response response = Query(value, QType.A);
				if (response.RecordsA.Length > 0)
				{
					m_DnsServers.Clear();
					m_DnsServers.Add(new IPEndPoint(response.RecordsA[0].Address, DefaultPort));
				}
			}
		}


		public bool UseCache
		{
			get
			{
				return m_UseCache;
			}
			set
			{
				m_UseCache = value;
				if (!m_UseCache)
					m_ResponseCache.Clear();
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Clear the resolver cache
		/// </summary>
		public void ClearCache()
		{
			m_ResponseCache.Clear();
		}

		private Response SearchInCache(Question question)
		{
			if (!m_UseCache)
				return null;

			string strKey = question.QClass + "-" + question.QType + "-" + question.QName;

			Response response = null;

			lock (m_ResponseCache)
			{
				if (!m_ResponseCache.ContainsKey(strKey))
					return null;

				response = m_ResponseCache[strKey];
			}

			int TimeLived = (int)((DateTime.Now.Ticks - response.TimeStamp.Ticks) / TimeSpan.TicksPerSecond);
			foreach (RR rr in response.RecordsRR)
			{
				rr.TimeLived = TimeLived;
				// The TTL property calculates its actual time to live
				if (rr.TTL == 0)
					return null; // out of date
			}
			return response;
		}

		private void AddToCache(Response response)
		{
			if (!m_UseCache)
				return;

			// No question, no caching
			if (response.Questions.Count == 0)
				return;

			// Only cached non-error responses
			if (response.header.RCODE != RCode.NoError)
				return;

			Question question = response.Questions[0];

			string strKey = question.QClass + "-" + question.QType + "-" + question.QName;

			lock (m_ResponseCache)
			{
				if (m_ResponseCache.ContainsKey(strKey))
					m_ResponseCache.Remove(strKey);

				m_ResponseCache.Add(strKey, response);
			}
		}

		private Response UdpRequest(Request request)
		{
			// RFC1035 max. size of a UDP datagram is 512 bytes
			byte[] responseMessage = new byte[512];

			for (int intAttempts = 0; intAttempts < m_Retries; intAttempts++)
			{
				for (int intDnsServer = 0; intDnsServer < m_DnsServers.Count; intDnsServer++)
				{
					Socket socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp);
					socket.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.ReceiveTimeout, m_Timeout * 1000);

					try
					{
						socket.SendTo(request.Data, m_DnsServers[intDnsServer]);
						int intReceived = socket.Receive(responseMessage);
						byte[] data = new byte[intReceived];
						Array.Copy(responseMessage, data, intReceived);
						Response response = new Response(m_DnsServers[intDnsServer], data);
						AddToCache(response);
						return response;
					}
					catch (SocketException)
					{
						Verbose(string.Format(";; Connection to nameserver {0} failed", (intDnsServer + 1)));
						continue; // next try
					}
					finally
					{
						m_Unique++;

						// close the socket
						socket.Close();
					}
				}
			}
			Response responseTimeout = new Response();
			responseTimeout.Error = "Timeout Error";
			return responseTimeout;
		}

		private Response TcpRequest(Request request)
		{
			//System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch sw = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch();
			//sw.Start();

			byte[] responseMessage = new byte[512];

			for (int intAttempts = 0; intAttempts < m_Retries; intAttempts++)
			{
				for (int intDnsServer = 0; intDnsServer < m_DnsServers.Count; intDnsServer++)
				{
					TcpClient tcpClient = new TcpClient();
					tcpClient.ReceiveTimeout = m_Timeout * 1000;

					try
					{
						IAsyncResult result = tcpClient.BeginConnect(m_DnsServers[intDnsServer].Address, m_DnsServers[intDnsServer].Port, null, null);

						bool success = result.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(m_Timeout*1000, true);

						if (!success || !tcpClient.Connected)
						{
							tcpClient.Close();
							Verbose(string.Format(";; Connection to nameserver {0} failed", (intDnsServer + 1)));
							continue;
						}

						BufferedStream bs = new BufferedStream(tcpClient.GetStream());

						byte[] data = request.Data;
						bs.WriteByte((byte)((data.Length >> 8) & 0xff));
						bs.WriteByte((byte)(data.Length & 0xff));
						bs.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
						bs.Flush();

						Response TransferResponse = new Response();
						int intSoa = 0;
						int intMessageSize = 0;

						//Debug.WriteLine("Sending "+ (request.Length+2) + " bytes in "+ sw.ElapsedMilliseconds+" mS");

						while (true)
						{
							int intLength = bs.ReadByte() << 8 | bs.ReadByte();
							if (intLength <= 0)
							{
								tcpClient.Close();
								Verbose(string.Format(";; Connection to nameserver {0} failed", (intDnsServer + 1)));
								throw new SocketException(); // next try
							}

							intMessageSize += intLength;

							data = new byte[intLength];
							bs.Read(data, 0, intLength);
							Response response = new Response(m_DnsServers[intDnsServer], data);

							//Debug.WriteLine("Received "+ (intLength+2)+" bytes in "+sw.ElapsedMilliseconds +" mS");

							if (response.header.RCODE != RCode.NoError)
								return response;

							if (response.Questions[0].QType != QType.AXFR)
							{
								AddToCache(response);
								return response;
							}

							// Zone transfer!!

							if(TransferResponse.Questions.Count==0)
								TransferResponse.Questions.AddRange(response.Questions);
							TransferResponse.Answers.AddRange(response.Answers);
							TransferResponse.Authorities.AddRange(response.Authorities);
							TransferResponse.Additionals.AddRange(response.Additionals);

							if (response.Answers[0].Type == Type.SOA)
									intSoa++;

							if (intSoa == 2)
							{
								TransferResponse.header.QDCOUNT = (ushort)TransferResponse.Questions.Count;
								TransferResponse.header.ANCOUNT = (ushort)TransferResponse.Answers.Count;
								TransferResponse.header.NSCOUNT = (ushort)TransferResponse.Authorities.Count;
								TransferResponse.header.ARCOUNT = (ushort)TransferResponse.Additionals.Count;
								TransferResponse.MessageSize = intMessageSize;
								return TransferResponse;
							}
						}
					} // try
					catch (SocketException)
					{
						continue; // next try
					}
					finally
					{
						m_Unique++;

						// close the socket
						tcpClient.Close();
					}
				}
			}
			Response responseTimeout = new Response();
			responseTimeout.Error = "Timeout Error";
			return responseTimeout;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Do Query on specified DNS servers
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="name">Name to query</param>
		/// <param name="qtype">Question type</param>
		/// <param name="qclass">Class type</param>
		/// <returns>Response of the query</returns>
		public Response Query(string name, QType qtype, QClass qclass)
		{
			Question question = new Question(name, qtype, qclass);
			Response response = SearchInCache(question);
			if (response != null)
				return response;

			Request request = new Request();
			request.AddQuestion(question);
			return GetResponse(request);
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Do an QClass=IN Query on specified DNS servers
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="name">Name to query</param>
		/// <param name="qtype">Question type</param>
		/// <returns>Response of the query</returns>
		public Response Query(string name, QType qtype)
		{
			Question question = new Question(name, qtype, QClass.IN);
			Response response = SearchInCache(question);
			if (response != null)
				return response;

			Request request = new Request();
			request.AddQuestion(question);
			return GetResponse(request);
		}

		private Response GetResponse(Request request)
		{
			request.header.ID = m_Unique;
			request.header.RD = m_Recursion;

			if (m_TransportType == TransportType.Udp)
				return UdpRequest(request);

			if (m_TransportType == TransportType.Tcp)
				return TcpRequest(request);

			Response response = new Response();
			response.Error = "Unknown TransportType";
			return response;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets a list of default DNS servers used on the Windows machine.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns></returns>
		public static IPEndPoint[] GetDnsServers()
		{
			List<IPEndPoint> list = new List<IPEndPoint>();

			NetworkInterface[] adapters = NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces();
			foreach (NetworkInterface n in adapters)
			{
				if (n.OperationalStatus == OperationalStatus.Up)
				{
					IPInterfaceProperties ipProps = n.GetIPProperties();
					// thanks to Jon Webster on May 20, 2008
					foreach (IPAddress ipAddr in ipProps.DnsAddresses)
					{
						IPEndPoint entry = new IPEndPoint(ipAddr, DefaultPort);
						if (!list.Contains(entry))
							list.Add(entry);
					}

				}
			}
			return list.ToArray();
		} 


		//

		private IPHostEntry MakeEntry(string HostName)
		{
			IPHostEntry entry = new IPHostEntry();

			entry.HostName = HostName;

			Response response = Query(HostName, QType.A, QClass.IN);

			// fill AddressList and aliases
			List<IPAddress> AddressList = new List<IPAddress>();
			List<string> Aliases = new List<string>();
			foreach (AnswerRR answerRR in response.Answers)
			{
				if (answerRR.Type == Type.A)
				{
					// answerRR.RECORD.ToString() == (answerRR.RECORD as RecordA).Address
					AddressList.Add(IPAddress.Parse((answerRR.RECORD.ToString())));
					entry.HostName = answerRR.NAME;
				}
				else
				{
					if (answerRR.Type == Type.CNAME)
						Aliases.Add(answerRR.NAME);
				}
			}
			entry.AddressList = AddressList.ToArray();
			entry.Aliases = Aliases.ToArray();

			return entry;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Translates the IPV4 or IPV6 address into an arpa address
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="ip">IP address to get the arpa address form</param>
		/// <returns>The 'mirrored' IPV4 or IPV6 arpa address</returns>
		public static string GetArpaFromIp(IPAddress ip)
		{
			if (ip.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork)
			{
				StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
				sb.Append("in-addr.arpa.");
				foreach (byte b in ip.GetAddressBytes())
				{
					sb.Insert(0, string.Format("{0}.", b));
				}
				return sb.ToString();
			}
			if (ip.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6)
			{
				StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
				sb.Append("ip6.arpa.");
				foreach (byte b in ip.GetAddressBytes())
				{
					sb.Insert(0, string.Format("{0:x}.", (b >> 4) & 0xf));
					sb.Insert(0, string.Format("{0:x}.", (b >> 0) & 0xf));
				}
				return sb.ToString();
			}
			return "?";
		}

		public static string GetArpaFromEnum(string strEnum)
		{
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
			string Number = System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex.Replace(strEnum, "[^0-9]", "");
			sb.Append("e164.arpa.");
			foreach (char c in Number)
			{
				sb.Insert(0, string.Format("{0}.", c));
			}
			return sb.ToString();
		}

		#region Deprecated methods in the original System.Net.DNS class

		/// <summary>
		///		Returns the Internet Protocol (IP) addresses for the specified host.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="hostNameOrAddress">The host name or IP address to resolve.</param>
		/// <returns>
		///		An array of type System.Net.IPAddress that holds the IP addresses for the
		///		host that is specified by the hostNameOrAddress parameter. 
		///</returns>
		public IPAddress[] GetHostAddresses(string hostNameOrAddress)
		{
			IPHostEntry entry = GetHostEntry(hostNameOrAddress);
			return entry.AddressList;
		}

		private delegate IPAddress[] GetHostAddressesDelegate(string hostNameOrAddress);

		/// <summary>
		///		Asynchronously returns the Internet Protocol (IP) addresses for the specified
		///     host.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="hostNameOrAddress">The host name or IP address to resolve.</param>
		/// <param name="requestCallback">
		///		An System.AsyncCallback delegate that references the method to invoke when
		///     the operation is complete.
		/// </param>
		/// <param name="stateObject">
		///		A user-defined object that contains information about the operation. This
		///     object is passed to the requestCallback delegate when the operation is complete.
		///</param>
		/// <returns>An System.IAsyncResult instance that references the asynchronous request.</returns>
		public IAsyncResult BeginGetHostAddresses(string hostNameOrAddress, AsyncCallback requestCallback, object stateObject)
		{
			GetHostAddressesDelegate g = new GetHostAddressesDelegate(GetHostAddresses);
			return g.BeginInvoke(hostNameOrAddress, requestCallback, stateObject);
		}

		/// <summary>
		///		Ends an asynchronous request for DNS information.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="AsyncResult">
		///		An System.IAsyncResult instance returned by a call to the Heijden.Dns.Resolver.BeginGetHostAddresses(System.String,System.AsyncCallback,System.Object)
		///		method.
		/// </param>
		/// <returns></returns>
		public IPAddress[] EndGetHostAddresses(IAsyncResult AsyncResult)
		{
			AsyncResult aResult = (AsyncResult)AsyncResult;
			GetHostAddressesDelegate g = (GetHostAddressesDelegate)aResult.AsyncDelegate;
			return g.EndInvoke(AsyncResult);
		}

		/// <summary>
		///		Creates an System.Net.IPHostEntry instance from the specified System.Net.IPAddress.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="ip">An System.Net.IPAddress.</param>
		/// <returns>An System.Net.IPHostEntry.</returns>
		public IPHostEntry GetHostByAddress(IPAddress ip)
		{
			return GetHostEntry(ip);
		}

		/// <summary>
		///		Creates an System.Net.IPHostEntry instance from an IP address.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="address">An IP address.</param>
		/// <returns>An System.Net.IPHostEntry instance.</returns>
		public IPHostEntry GetHostByAddress(string address)
		{
			return GetHostEntry(address);
		}

		/// <summary>
		///		Gets the DNS information for the specified DNS host name.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="hostName">The DNS name of the host</param>
		/// <returns>An System.Net.IPHostEntry object that contains host information for the address specified in hostName.</returns>
		public IPHostEntry GetHostByName(string hostName)
		{
			return MakeEntry(hostName);
		}

		private delegate IPHostEntry GetHostByNameDelegate(string hostName);

		/// <summary>
		///		Asynchronously resolves an IP address to an System.Net.IPHostEntry instance.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="hostName">The DNS name of the host</param>
		/// <param name="requestCallback">An System.AsyncCallback delegate that references the method to invoke when the operation is complete.</param>
		/// <param name="stateObject">
		///		A user-defined object that contains information about the operation. This
		///		object is passed to the requestCallback delegate when the operation is complete.
		/// </param>
		/// <returns>An System.IAsyncResult instance that references the asynchronous request.</returns>
		public IAsyncResult BeginGetHostByName(string hostName, AsyncCallback requestCallback, object stateObject)
		{
			GetHostByNameDelegate g = new GetHostByNameDelegate(GetHostByName);
			return g.BeginInvoke(hostName, requestCallback, stateObject);
		}

		/// <summary>
		///		Ends an asynchronous request for DNS information.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="AsyncResult">
		///		An System.IAsyncResult instance returned by a call to an 
		///		Heijden.Dns.Resolver.BeginGetHostByName method.
		/// </param>
		/// <returns></returns>
		public IPHostEntry EndGetHostByName(IAsyncResult AsyncResult)
		{
			AsyncResult aResult = (AsyncResult)AsyncResult;
			GetHostByNameDelegate g = (GetHostByNameDelegate)aResult.AsyncDelegate;
			return g.EndInvoke(AsyncResult);
		}

		/// <summary>
		///		Resolves a host name or IP address to an System.Net.IPHostEntry instance.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="hostName">A DNS-style host name or IP address.</param>
		/// <returns></returns>
		//[Obsolete("no problem",false)]
		public IPHostEntry Resolve(string hostName)
		{
			return MakeEntry(hostName);
		}

		private delegate IPHostEntry ResolveDelegate(string hostName);
		
		/// <summary>
		///		Begins an asynchronous request to resolve a DNS host name or IP address to
		///     an System.Net.IPAddress instance.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="hostName">The DNS name of the host.</param>
		/// <param name="requestCallback">
		///		An System.AsyncCallback delegate that references the method to invoke when
		///     the operation is complete.
		///	</param>
		/// <param name="stateObject">
		///		A user-defined object that contains information about the operation. This
		///     object is passed to the requestCallback delegate when the operation is complete.
		/// </param>
		/// <returns>An System.IAsyncResult instance that references the asynchronous request.</returns>
		public IAsyncResult BeginResolve(string hostName, AsyncCallback requestCallback, object stateObject)
		{
			ResolveDelegate g = new ResolveDelegate(Resolve);
			return g.BeginInvoke(hostName, requestCallback, stateObject);
		}

		/// <summary>
		///		Ends an asynchronous request for DNS information.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="AsyncResult">
		///		An System.IAsyncResult instance that is returned by a call to the System.Net.Dns.BeginResolve(System.String,System.AsyncCallback,System.Object)
		///     method.
		/// </param>
		/// <returns>An System.Net.IPHostEntry object that contains DNS information about a host.</returns>
		public IPHostEntry EndResolve(IAsyncResult AsyncResult)
		{
			AsyncResult aResult = (AsyncResult)AsyncResult;
			ResolveDelegate g = (ResolveDelegate)aResult.AsyncDelegate;
			return g.EndInvoke(AsyncResult);
		}
		#endregion

		/// <summary>
		///		Resolves an IP address to an System.Net.IPHostEntry instance.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="ip">An IP address.</param>
		/// <returns>
		///		An System.Net.IPHostEntry instance that contains address information about
		///		the host specified in address.
		///</returns>
		public IPHostEntry GetHostEntry(IPAddress ip)
		{
			Response response = Query(GetArpaFromIp(ip), QType.PTR, QClass.IN);
			if (response.RecordsPTR.Length > 0)
				return MakeEntry(response.RecordsPTR[0].PTRDNAME);
			else
				return new IPHostEntry();
		}

		/// <summary>
		///		Resolves a host name or IP address to an System.Net.IPHostEntry instance.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="hostNameOrAddress">The host name or IP address to resolve.</param>
		/// <returns>
		///		An System.Net.IPHostEntry instance that contains address information about
		///		the host specified in hostNameOrAddress. 
		///</returns>
		public IPHostEntry GetHostEntry(string hostNameOrAddress)
		{
			IPAddress iPAddress;
			if (IPAddress.TryParse(hostNameOrAddress, out iPAddress))
				return GetHostEntry(iPAddress);
			else
				return MakeEntry(hostNameOrAddress);
		}

		private delegate IPHostEntry GetHostEntryViaIPDelegate(IPAddress ip);
		private delegate IPHostEntry GetHostEntryDelegate(string hostNameOrAddress);

		/// <summary>
		/// Asynchronously resolves a host name or IP address to an System.Net.IPHostEntry instance.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="hostNameOrAddress">The host name or IP address to resolve.</param>
		/// <param name="requestCallback">
		///		An System.AsyncCallback delegate that references the method to invoke when
		///		the operation is complete.
		///</param>
		/// <param name="stateObject">
		///		A user-defined object that contains information about the operation. This
		///		object is passed to the requestCallback delegate when the operation is complete.
		/// </param>
		/// <returns>An System.IAsyncResult instance that references the asynchronous request.</returns>
		public IAsyncResult BeginGetHostEntry(string hostNameOrAddress, AsyncCallback requestCallback, object stateObject)
		{
			GetHostEntryDelegate g = new GetHostEntryDelegate(GetHostEntry);
			return g.BeginInvoke(hostNameOrAddress, requestCallback, stateObject);
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Asynchronously resolves an IP address to an System.Net.IPHostEntry instance.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="ip">The IP address to resolve.</param>
		/// <param name="requestCallback">
		///		An System.AsyncCallback delegate that references the method to invoke when
		///		the operation is complete.
		/// </param>
		/// <param name="stateObject">
		///		A user-defined object that contains information about the operation. This
		///     object is passed to the requestCallback delegate when the operation is complete.
		/// </param>
		/// <returns>An System.IAsyncResult instance that references the asynchronous request.</returns>
		public IAsyncResult BeginGetHostEntry(IPAddress ip, AsyncCallback requestCallback, object stateObject)
		{
			GetHostEntryViaIPDelegate g = new GetHostEntryViaIPDelegate(GetHostEntry);
			return g.BeginInvoke(ip, requestCallback, stateObject);
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Ends an asynchronous request for DNS information.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="AsyncResult">
		///		An System.IAsyncResult instance returned by a call to an 
		///		Overload:Heijden.Dns.Resolver.BeginGetHostEntry method.
		/// </param>
		/// <returns>
		///		An System.Net.IPHostEntry instance that contains address information about
		///		the host. 
		///</returns>
		public IPHostEntry EndGetHostEntry(IAsyncResult AsyncResult)
		{
			AsyncResult aResult = (AsyncResult)AsyncResult;
			if (aResult.AsyncDelegate is GetHostEntryDelegate)
			{
				GetHostEntryDelegate g = (GetHostEntryDelegate)aResult.AsyncDelegate;
				return g.EndInvoke(AsyncResult);
			}
			if (aResult.AsyncDelegate is GetHostEntryViaIPDelegate)
			{
				GetHostEntryViaIPDelegate g = (GetHostEntryViaIPDelegate)aResult.AsyncDelegate;
				return g.EndInvoke(AsyncResult);
			}
			return null;
		}

		private enum RRRecordStatus
		{
			UNKNOWN,
			NAME,
			TTL,
			CLASS,
			TYPE,
			VALUE
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Not implemented yet!!!!!
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="strPath"></param>
		public void LoadRootFile(string strPath)
		{
			StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(strPath);
			while (!sr.EndOfStream)
			{
				string strLine = sr.ReadLine();
				if (strLine == null)
					break;
				int intI = strLine.IndexOf(';');
				if (intI >= 0)
					strLine = strLine.Substring(0, intI);
				strLine = strLine.Trim();
				if (strLine.Length == 0)
					continue;
				RRRecordStatus status = RRRecordStatus.NAME;
				string Name="";
				string Ttl="";
				string Class="";
				string Type="";
				string Value="";
				string strW = "";
				for (intI = 0; intI < strLine.Length; intI++)
				{
					char C = strLine[intI];

					if (C <= ' ' && strW!="")
					{
						switch (status)
						{
							case RRRecordStatus.NAME:
								Name = strW;
								status = RRRecordStatus.TTL;
								break;
							case RRRecordStatus.TTL:
								Ttl = strW;
								status = RRRecordStatus.CLASS;
								break;
							case RRRecordStatus.CLASS:
								Class = strW;
								status = RRRecordStatus.TYPE;
								break;
							case RRRecordStatus.TYPE:
								Type = strW;
								status = RRRecordStatus.VALUE;
								break;
							case RRRecordStatus.VALUE:
								Value = strW;
								status = RRRecordStatus.UNKNOWN;
								break;
							default:
								break;
						}
						strW = "";
					}
					if (C > ' ')
						strW += C;
				}

			}
			sr.Close();
		}
	} // class
}