Using AvalonEdit (WPF Text Editor)

// Copyright (c) AlphaSierraPapa for the SharpDevelop Team (for details please see \doc\copyright.txt)
// This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL (for details please see \doc\license.txt)

using System;

namespace ICSharpCode.AvalonEdit.Document
{
	using LineNode = DocumentLine;
	
	// A tree node in the document line tree.
	// For the purpose of the invariants, "children", "descendents", "siblings" etc. include the DocumentLine object,
	// it is treated as a third child node between left and right.
	
	// Originally, this was a separate class, with a reference to the documentLine. The documentLine had a reference
	// back to the node. To save memory, the same object is used for both the documentLine and the line node.
	// This saves 16 bytes per line (8 byte object overhead + two pointers).
//	sealed class LineNode
//	{
//		internal readonly DocumentLine documentLine;
	partial class DocumentLine
	{
		internal DocumentLine left, right, parent;
		internal bool color;
		// optimization note: I tried packing color and isDeleted into a single byte field, but that
		// actually increased the memory requirements. The JIT packs two bools and a byte (delimiterSize)
		// into a single DWORD, but two bytes get each their own DWORD. Three bytes end up in the same DWORD, so
		// apparently the JIT only optimizes for memory when there are at least three small fields.
		// Currently, DocumentLine takes 36 bytes on x86 (8 byte object overhead, 3 pointers, 3 ints, and another DWORD
		// for the small fields).
		// TODO: a possible optimization would be to combine 'totalLength' and the small fields into a single uint.
		// delimiterSize takes only two bits, the two bools take another two bits; so there's still 
		// 28 bits left for totalLength. 268435455 characters per line should be enough for everyone :)
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Resets the line to enable its reuse after a document rebuild.
		/// </summary>
		internal void ResetLine()
		{
			totalLength = delimiterLength = 0;
			isDeleted = color = false;
			left = right = parent = null;
		}
		
		internal LineNode InitLineNode()
		{
			this.nodeTotalCount = 1;
			this.nodeTotalLength = this.TotalLength;
			return this;
		}
		
		internal LineNode LeftMost {
			get {
				LineNode node = this;
				while (node.left != null)
					node = node.left;
				return node;
			}
		}
		
		internal LineNode RightMost {
			get {
				LineNode node = this;
				while (node.right != null)
					node = node.right;
				return node;
			}
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// The number of lines in this node and its child nodes.
		/// Invariant:
		///   nodeTotalCount = 1 + left.nodeTotalCount + right.nodeTotalCount
		/// </summary>
		internal int nodeTotalCount;
		
		/// <summary>
		/// The total text length of this node and its child nodes.
		/// Invariant:
		///   nodeTotalLength = left.nodeTotalLength + documentLine.TotalLength + right.nodeTotalLength
		/// </summary>
		internal int nodeTotalLength;
	}
}