Using AvalonEdit (WPF Text Editor)

// Copyright (c) AlphaSierraPapa for the SharpDevelop Team (for details please see \doc\copyright.txt)
// This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL (for details please see \doc\license.txt)

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Threading;

using ICSharpCode.AvalonEdit.Document;
using ICSharpCode.AvalonEdit.Rendering;

namespace ICSharpCode.AvalonEdit.Highlighting
{
	/// <summary>
	/// A colorizes that interprets a highlighting rule set and colors the document accordingly.
	/// </summary>
	public class HighlightingColorizer : DocumentColorizingTransformer
	{
		readonly HighlightingRuleSet ruleSet;
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Creates a new HighlightingColorizer instance.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="ruleSet">The root highlighting rule set.</param>
		public HighlightingColorizer(HighlightingRuleSet ruleSet)
		{
			if (ruleSet == null)
				throw new ArgumentNullException("ruleSet");
			this.ruleSet = ruleSet;
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// This constructor is obsolete - please use the other overload instead.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="textView">UNUSED</param>
		/// <param name="ruleSet">The root highlighting rule set.</param>
		[Obsolete("The TextView parameter is no longer used, please use the constructor taking only HighlightingRuleSet instead")]
		[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "CA1801:ReviewUnusedParameters", MessageId = "textView")]
		public HighlightingColorizer(TextView textView, HighlightingRuleSet ruleSet)
			: this(ruleSet)
		{
		}
		
		void textView_DocumentChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
		{
			OnDocumentChanged((TextView)sender);
		}
		
		void OnDocumentChanged(TextView textView)
		{
			// remove existing highlighter, if any exists
			textView.Services.RemoveService(typeof(IHighlighter));
			textView.Services.RemoveService(typeof(DocumentHighlighter));
			
			TextDocument document = textView.Document;
			if (document != null) {
				IHighlighter highlighter = CreateHighlighter(textView, document);
				textView.Services.AddService(typeof(IHighlighter), highlighter);
				// for backward compatiblity, we're registering using both the interface and concrete types
				if (highlighter is DocumentHighlighter)
					textView.Services.AddService(typeof(DocumentHighlighter), highlighter);
			}
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Creates the IHighlighter instance for the specified text document.
		/// </summary>
		protected virtual IHighlighter CreateHighlighter(TextView textView, TextDocument document)
		{
			return new TextViewDocumentHighlighter(this, textView, document, ruleSet);
		}
		
		/// <inheritdoc/>
		protected override void OnAddToTextView(TextView textView)
		{
			base.OnAddToTextView(textView);
			textView.DocumentChanged += textView_DocumentChanged;
			textView.VisualLineConstructionStarting += textView_VisualLineConstructionStarting;
			OnDocumentChanged(textView);
		}
		
		/// <inheritdoc/>
		protected override void OnRemoveFromTextView(TextView textView)
		{
			base.OnRemoveFromTextView(textView);
			textView.Services.RemoveService(typeof(IHighlighter));
			textView.Services.RemoveService(typeof(DocumentHighlighter));
			textView.DocumentChanged -= textView_DocumentChanged;
			textView.VisualLineConstructionStarting -= textView_VisualLineConstructionStarting;
		}
		
		void textView_VisualLineConstructionStarting(object sender, VisualLineConstructionStartEventArgs e)
		{
			IHighlighter highlighter = ((TextView)sender).Services.GetService(typeof(IHighlighter)) as IHighlighter;
			if (highlighter != null) {
				// Force update of highlighting state up to the position where we start generating visual lines.
				// This is necessary in case the document gets modified above the FirstLineInView so that the highlighting state changes.
				// We need to detect this case and issue a redraw (through TextViewDocumentHighligher.OnHighlightStateChanged)
				// before the visual line construction reuses existing lines that were built using the invalid highlighting state.
				lineNumberBeingColorized = e.FirstLineInView.LineNumber - 1;
				highlighter.GetSpanStack(lineNumberBeingColorized);
				lineNumberBeingColorized = 0;
			}
		}
		
		DocumentLine lastColorizedLine;
		
		/// <inheritdoc/>
		protected override void Colorize(ITextRunConstructionContext context)
		{
			this.lastColorizedLine = null;
			base.Colorize(context);
			if (this.lastColorizedLine != context.VisualLine.LastDocumentLine) {
				IHighlighter highlighter = context.TextView.Services.GetService(typeof(IHighlighter)) as IHighlighter;
				if (highlighter != null) {
					// In some cases, it is possible that we didn't highlight the last document line within the visual line
					// (e.g. when the line ends with a fold marker).
					// But even if we didn't highlight it, we'll have to update the highlighting state for it so that the
					// proof inside TextViewDocumentHighlighter.OnHighlightStateChanged holds.
					lineNumberBeingColorized = context.VisualLine.LastDocumentLine.LineNumber;
					highlighter.GetSpanStack(lineNumberBeingColorized);
					lineNumberBeingColorized = 0;
				}
			}
			this.lastColorizedLine = null;
		}
		
		int lineNumberBeingColorized;
		
		/// <inheritdoc/>
		protected override void ColorizeLine(DocumentLine line)
		{
			IHighlighter highlighter = CurrentContext.TextView.Services.GetService(typeof(IHighlighter)) as IHighlighter;
			if (highlighter != null) {
				lineNumberBeingColorized = line.LineNumber;
				HighlightedLine hl = highlighter.HighlightLine(lineNumberBeingColorized);
				lineNumberBeingColorized = 0;
				foreach (HighlightedSection section in hl.Sections) {
					if (IsEmptyColor(section.Color))
						continue;
					ChangeLinePart(section.Offset, section.Offset + section.Length,
					               visualLineElement => ApplyColorToElement(visualLineElement, section.Color));
				}
			}
			this.lastColorizedLine = line;
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Gets whether the color is empty (has no effect on a VisualLineTextElement).
		/// For example, the C# "Punctuation" is an empty color.
		/// </summary>
		bool IsEmptyColor(HighlightingColor color)
		{
			if (color == null)
				return true;
			return color.Background == null && color.Foreground == null
				&& color.FontStyle == null && color.FontWeight == null;
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Applies a highlighting color to a visual line element.
		/// </summary>
		protected virtual void ApplyColorToElement(VisualLineElement element, HighlightingColor color)
		{
			if (color.Foreground != null) {
				Brush b = color.Foreground.GetBrush(CurrentContext);
				if (b != null)
					element.TextRunProperties.SetForegroundBrush(b);
			}
			if (color.Background != null) {
				Brush b = color.Background.GetBrush(CurrentContext);
				if (b != null)
					element.BackgroundBrush = b;
			}
			if (color.FontStyle != null || color.FontWeight != null) {
				Typeface tf = element.TextRunProperties.Typeface;
				element.TextRunProperties.SetTypeface(new Typeface(
					tf.FontFamily,
					color.FontStyle ?? tf.Style,
					color.FontWeight ?? tf.Weight,
					tf.Stretch
				));
			}
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// This class is responsible for telling the TextView to redraw lines when the highlighting state has changed.
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// Creation of a VisualLine triggers the syntax highlighter (which works on-demand), so it says:
		/// Hey, the user typed "/*". Don't just recreate that line, but also the next one
		/// because my highlighting state (at end of line) changed!
		/// </remarks>
		sealed class TextViewDocumentHighlighter : DocumentHighlighter
		{
			readonly HighlightingColorizer colorizer;
			readonly TextView textView;
			
			public TextViewDocumentHighlighter(HighlightingColorizer colorizer, TextView textView, TextDocument document, HighlightingRuleSet baseRuleSet)
				: base(document, baseRuleSet)
			{
				Debug.Assert(colorizer != null);
				Debug.Assert(textView != null);
				this.colorizer = colorizer;
				this.textView = textView;
			}
			
			protected override void OnHighlightStateChanged(DocumentLine line, int lineNumber)
			{
				base.OnHighlightStateChanged(line, lineNumber);
				if (colorizer.lineNumberBeingColorized != lineNumber) {
					// Ignore notifications for any line except the one we're interested in.
					// This improves the performance as Redraw() can take quite some time when called repeatedly
					// while scanning the document (above the visible area) for highlighting changes.
					return;
				}
				if (textView.Document != this.Document) {
					// May happen if document on text view was changed but some user code is still using the
					// existing IHighlighter instance.
					return;
				}
				
				// The user may have inserted "/*" into the current line, and so far only that line got redrawn.
				// So when the highlighting state is changed, we issue a redraw for the line immediately below.
				// If the highlighting state change applies to the lines below, too, the construction of each line
				// will invalidate the next line, and the construction pass will regenerate all lines.
				
				Debug.WriteLine("OnHighlightStateChanged forces redraw of line " + (lineNumber + 1));
				
				// If the VisualLine construction is in progress, we have to avoid sending redraw commands for
				// anything above the line currently being constructed.
				// It takes some explanation to see why this cannot happen.
				// VisualLines always get constructed from top to bottom.
				// Each VisualLine construction calls into the highlighter and thus forces an update of the
				// highlighting state for all lines up to the one being constructed.
				
				// To guarantee that we don't redraw lines we just constructed, we need to show that when
				// a VisualLine is being reused, the highlighting state at that location is still up-to-date.
				
				// This isn't exactly trivial and the initial implementation was incorrect in the presence of external document changes
				// (e.g. split view).
				
				// For the first line in the view, the TextView.VisualLineConstructionStarting event is used to check that the
				// highlighting state is up-to-date. If it isn't, this method will be executed, and it'll mark the first line
				// in the view as requiring a redraw. This is safely possible because that event occurs before any lines are reused.
				
				// Once we take care of the first visual line, we won't get in trouble with other lines due to the top-to-bottom
				// construction process.
				
				// We'll prove that: if line N is being reused, then the highlighting state is up-to-date until (end of) line N-1.
				
				// Start of induction: the first line in view is reused only if the highlighting state was up-to-date
				// until line N-1 (no change detected in VisualLineConstructionStarting event).
				
				// Induction step:
				// If another line N+1 is being reused, then either
				//     a) the previous line (the visual line containing document line N) was newly constructed
				// or  b) the previous line was reused
				// In case a, the construction updated the highlighting state. This means the stack at end of line N is up-to-date.
				// In case b, the highlighting state at N-1 was up-to-date, and the text of line N was not changed.
				//   (if the text was changed, the line could not have been reused).
				// From this follows that the highlighting state at N is still up-to-date.
				
				// The above proof holds even in the presence of folding: folding only ever hides text in the middle of a visual line.
				// Our Colorize-override ensures that the highlighting state is always updated for the LastDocumentLine,
				// so it will always invalidate the next visual line when a folded line is constructed
				// and the highlighting stack has changed.
				
				textView.Redraw(line.NextLine, DispatcherPriority.Normal);
				
				/*
				 * Meta-comment: "why does this have to be so complicated?"
				 * 
				 * The problem is that I want to re-highlight only on-demand and incrementally;
				 * and at the same time only repaint changed lines.
				 * So the highlighter and the VisualLine construction both have to run in a single pass.
				 * The highlighter must take care that it never touches already constructed visual lines;
				 * if it detects that something must be redrawn because the highlighting state changed,
				 * it must do so early enough in the construction process.
				 * But doing it too early means it doesn't have the information necessary to re-highlight and redraw only the desired parts.
				 */
			}
		}
	}
}