A Simple - Yet Quite Powerful - Palette Quantizer in C#

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Drawing;
using SimplePaletteQuantizer.Helpers;

namespace SimplePaletteQuantizer.Quantizers.Uniform
{
    /// <summary>
    /// In uniform quantization each axis of the color space is treated independently. 
    /// Each axis is then divided into equal sized segments. The planes perpendicular to 
    /// the axis' that pass through the division points then define regions in the color 
    /// space. The number of these regions is dependent on the scheme used for dividing the 
    /// color space. One possible scheme is to divide the red and green axis into 8 segments 
    /// each and the blue axis into 4 resulting in 256 regions. Another possibility is dividing 
    /// the red and blue into 6 and the green into 7 segments resulting in 252 regions [3]. Each 
    /// one of these regions will produce a color for the color map.
    /// 
    /// Once the color space has been divided each of the original colors is then mapped to the 
    /// region which it falls in. The representative colors for each region is then the average 
    /// of all the colors mapped to that region. Because each of the regions represents an entry
    /// in the color map, the same process for mapping the original colors to a region can be 
    /// repeated for mapping the original colors to colors in the color map. While this algorithm 
    /// is quick and easy to implement it does not yield very good results. Often region in the 
    /// color space will not have any colors mapped to them resulting in color map entries to be
    /// wasted.
    ///
    /// This algorithm can also be applied in a non-uniform manner if the axis are broken on a 
    /// logarithmic scale instead of linear. This will produce slightly better results because 
    /// the human eye cannot distinguish dark colors as well as bright ones.
    /// </summary>
    public class UniformQuantizer : IColorQuantizer
    {
        private readonly UniformColorSlot[] redSlots;
        private readonly UniformColorSlot[] greenSlots;
        private readonly UniformColorSlot[] blueSlots;

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="UniformQuantizer"/> class.
        /// </summary>
        public UniformQuantizer()
        {
            redSlots = new UniformColorSlot[8];
            greenSlots = new UniformColorSlot[8];
            blueSlots = new UniformColorSlot[4];
        }

        #region << IColorQuantizer >>

        /// <summary>
        /// Adds the color to quantizer.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="color">The color to be added.</param>
        public void AddColor(Color color)
        {
            color = QuantizationHelper.ConvertAlpha(color);

            Int32 redIndex = color.R >> 5;
            Int32 greenIndex = color.G >> 5;
            Int32 blueIndex = color.B >> 6;

            redSlots[redIndex].AddValue(color.R);
            greenSlots[greenIndex].AddValue(color.G);
            blueSlots[blueIndex].AddValue(color.B);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the palette with specified count of the colors.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="colorCount">The color count.</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public List<Color> GetPalette(Int32 colorCount)
        {
            List<Color> result = new List<Color>();

            // NOTE: I was considering either Lambda, or For loop (which should be the fastest), 
            // NOTE: but I used the ForEach loop for the sake of readability. Feel free to convert it.
            foreach (UniformColorSlot redSlot in redSlots)
            foreach (UniformColorSlot greenSlot in greenSlots)
            foreach (UniformColorSlot blueSlot in blueSlots)
            {
                Int32 red = redSlot.GetAverage();
                Int32 green = greenSlot.GetAverage();
                Int32 blue = blueSlot.GetAverage();

                Color color = Color.FromArgb(255, red, green, blue);
                result.Add(color);
            }

            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the index of the palette for specific color.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="color">The color.</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public Int32 GetPaletteIndex(Color color)
        {
            color = QuantizationHelper.ConvertAlpha(color);
            Int32 redIndex = color.R >> 5;
            Int32 greenIndex = color.G >> 5;
            Int32 blueIndex = color.B >> 6;
            return (redIndex << 5) + (greenIndex << 2) + blueIndex;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the color count.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public Int32 GetColorCount()
        {
            // returns the count in red slots, as it should be the same in red, blue or green
            return 256;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Clears this instance.
        /// </summary>
        public void Clear()
        {
            Array.Clear(redSlots, 0, 8);
            Array.Clear(greenSlots, 0, 8);
            Array.Clear(blueSlots, 0, 4);
        }

        #endregion
    }
}