Multiplayer Snake in 3D using C# and Managed DirectX

using System; 
using System.Drawing; 
using System.Collections; 
using System.ComponentModel; 
using System.Windows.Forms; 
using System.Data;
using System.IO; 
using Microsoft.DirectX;
using Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D;
using dinput = Microsoft.DirectX.DirectInput; 

namespace Snake3D
{ 
	public class Game : System.Windows.Forms.Form 
	{
		// private variables for Direct3D and DirectInput
		dinput.Device input;
        Device device; 
		Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D.Font font12;
		Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D.Font font36;
		Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D.Font font24;

		// constants to switch between options
		const bool FullScreen = true;
		const bool AntiAlias = true;
		const bool ShowFPS = true;

		float ElapsedTime, UpdateTime, AppTime;		
        private float speed = 0.25f;

		Intro intro;
		Arena arena;
		EventKey Escape, Return;
		Level level;
		Player[] players = new Player[2];
		
		Random rnd = new Random(Environment.TickCount);

		// variables used to determine the state of the game and other things
		bool IntroPlaying = true;
		bool GameFinished = false;
		Vector3 ZoomInPoint;
		float z = 0f;
		public static Vector3 CamPos = new Vector3(40,40,14);
		Vector3 UpVector;

		static void Main() 
		{
			using (Game frm = new Game())
			{
				frm.Show();				
				Application.Run(frm);				
			}
		}		

		public Game()
		{
			this.Size = new Size(800,600);
			this.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.CenterScreen; 
			this.SetStyle(ControlStyles.AllPaintingInWmPaint | ControlStyles.Opaque, true);
			this.InitializeInput();
			this.InitializeGraphics();
		}

		private void InitializeInput()
		{
			// standard DirectInput Initialisation procedure
			Microsoft.DirectX.DirectInput.CooperativeLevelFlags coopFlags;
			coopFlags = Microsoft.DirectX.DirectInput.CooperativeLevelFlags.NonExclusive;
			coopFlags |= Microsoft.DirectX.DirectInput.CooperativeLevelFlags.Background;			
			input = new Microsoft.DirectX.DirectInput.Device(dinput.SystemGuid.Keyboard);
			input.SetCooperativeLevel(this,coopFlags);
			input.Acquire();

			// Hook and Create EventKeys
			Escape = new EventKey(dinput.Key.Escape,input);
			Escape.KeyUp += new EventHandler(Escape_KeyUp);
			Return = new EventKey(dinput.Key.Return,input);
			Return.KeyUp += new EventHandler(Return_KeyUp);
		}

		private void GetInput()
		{										
			// Get and Process the input
			dinput.KeyboardState kstate = null;
			kstate = input.GetCurrentKeyboardState();
			Escape.Process();
			Return.Process();
			for ( int i = 0; i < players.Length; i ++)
				players[i].CheckKeys(kstate);
		}
     
		protected void InitializeGraphics() 
		{ 
			Cursor.Hide();
			// Standard Direct3D Initialisation procedure
			PresentParameters pres = new PresentParameters(); 
			pres.Windowed = ! FullScreen; 
			pres.SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard; 
			pres.EnableAutoDepthStencil = true ; 
			pres.AutoDepthStencilFormat = DepthFormat.D16;
			if ( FullScreen)
			{
				pres.BackBufferCount = 1;
				pres.BackBufferFormat = Format.X8R8G8B8;
				pres.BackBufferWidth = 1280;
				pres.BackBufferHeight = 1024;
			}			
			int b,Q = 0;
			if ( AntiAlias)
			{
				for ( int i = 0; i < (int) MultiSampleType.SixteenSamples; i ++)
				{
					if ( Manager.CheckDeviceMultiSampleType(0,DeviceType.Hardware,Manager.Adapters[0].CurrentDisplayMode.Format,! FullScreen,(MultiSampleType) i,out b,out Q) )			
						pres.MultiSample = (MultiSampleType) i;			
				}
				pres.MultiSampleQuality = Q-1;		
			}
			device = new Device(0, DeviceType.Hardware, this , CreateFlags.HardwareVertexProcessing | CreateFlags.PureDevice , 
				pres); 
			device.RenderState.CullMode = Cull.None; 
			font12 = new Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D.Font(device,new System.Drawing.Font("Arial",12));
			font24 = new Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D.Font(device,new System.Drawing.Font("Arial",24));
			font36 = new Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D.Font(device,new System.Drawing.Font("Arial",36,FontStyle.Bold));

			device.Transform.Projection = Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH( (float) Math.PI /2f,(float)this.Width/(float) this.Height ,1f,200f);

			level = new Level( (Levels) rnd.Next(Level.numLevels) );
			
			// Create the players
			players[0] = new Player(device,dinput.Key.W,dinput.Key.S,
				dinput.Key.A,dinput.Key.D,TextureLoader.FromFile(device,@"..\..\tex3.bmp"),level,"Player 1",0);
			players[1] = new Player(device,dinput.Key.UpArrow,dinput.Key.DownArrow,
				dinput.Key.LeftArrow,dinput.Key.RightArrow,TextureLoader.FromFile(device,@"..\..\tex1.bmp"),level,"Player 2",1);
			
			// Hook the event fired when a player crashes to something
			for ( int i = 0; i < players.Length; i ++)
				players[i].onLost += new lost(Playerlost);            
			
			// Texture filtering prevents textures to look bad when Magnified or Minified
			// Comment these lines out if your card does not support this function
			// To check wether your device supports Texture Filtering use the Manager class
			device.SamplerState[0].MagFilter = TextureFilter.Anisotropic;
			device.SamplerState[0].MinFilter = TextureFilter.Anisotropic;

			// Play the intro
			intro = new Intro(device,"Snake 3D");
			intro.Start(DXUtil.Timer(DirectXTimer.GetAbsoluteTime) );
			intro.Ready += new Finished(IntroFinished);					

			arena = new Arena(device,TextureLoader.FromFile(device,@"..\..\tex4.bmp"),level);
		}
		
		protected override void OnPaint(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)
		{			
			// Overided the onPaint event of the form

			GetInput();			
			
			
			if ( UpdateTime > speed )
			{
				// Enough time has passed the snakes are ready to be updated
				for ( int i = 0; i < players.Length; i ++)
					players[i].Update();
				UpdateTime = 0;
			}

			// Check to see if the intro should still be rendered.
			if ( IntroPlaying)
				RenderIntro();
			else
			{
				// Nope, the game
				if ( ! GameFinished)
				UpdateTime += ElapsedTime;
				Render();
			}

			// Invalidate the form, this will cause the onPaint method to be called Again
			this.Invalidate();
		}		

		protected void Render() 
		{ 
			// Don't render if the device isn't created or already disposed
			if ( device == null) return;
			if ( device.Disposed ) return;
			ElapsedTime = DXUtil.Timer(DirectXTimer.GetElapsedTime);
			AppTime = DXUtil.Timer(DirectXTimer.GetAbsoluteTime);
			
			// Check other tutorials for information about the Device object
			device.Clear(ClearFlags.Target | ClearFlags.ZBuffer, Color.Black , 1.0F, 0); 
			device.BeginScene();
			
			for ( int i = 0; i < players.Length; i ++)
				font24.DrawText(null,string.Format("{0} : {1}",players[i].Name,players[i].Score),new Rectangle(3,24*i+3,0,0),DrawTextFormat.NoClip,Color.Blue);
			
			arena.Render();
			device.VertexFormat = CustomVertex.PositionTextured.Format;

			Material mat = new Material();
			mat.Diffuse = Color.White;
			mat.Ambient = Color.White;			
			device.Material = mat;
			device.RenderState.Ambient = Color.DarkGray;
			device.RenderState.CullMode = Cull.None;

			for ( int i = 0; i < players.Length; i ++)
				players[i].Render(); 			
			
			if ( GameFinished)
			{
				// One of the players has crashed draw text to inform the user
				font36.DrawText(null,"The game has finished",new Rectangle(this.Width / 2 - 275,this.Height / 2 - 60,0,0),DrawTextFormat.NoClip,Color.Chartreuse);
				font24.DrawText(null,"Press Escape to quit, Enter to start again",new Rectangle(this.Width / 2 - 300,this.Height / 2,0,0),DrawTextFormat.NoClip,Color.Silver);
				// Zoom in on where the crash happened
				if ( z < 0.90f)
				z += 0.01f;
				device.Transform.View = Matrix.LookAtLH( Vector3.Lerp(CamPos,ZoomInPoint,z),ZoomInPoint,UpVector );
			} 
				
			device.EndScene();
			device.Present();						
			
		}

		protected void RenderIntro()
		{
			if ( device == null) return;
			ElapsedTime = DXUtil.Timer(DirectXTimer.GetElapsedTime);
			AppTime = DXUtil.Timer(DirectXTimer.GetAbsoluteTime);
			device.Clear(ClearFlags.Target | ClearFlags.ZBuffer, Color.Black , 1.0F, 0); 
			device.BeginScene();
			intro.Render(AppTime);
			device.EndScene();
			device.Present();	
		}

		private void IntroFinished(bool finished)
		{
			// The intro is finished take the camera above the arena
			IntroPlaying = !finished;
			device.Transform.View = Matrix.LookAtLH( CamPos,Arena.ArenaCenter,new Vector3(0,1,0) );
		}

		private void Escape_KeyUp(object sender, EventArgs e)
		{
			if ( IntroPlaying )
				intro.Stop();
			else
			{
				// Dispose Devices
				if ( input != null)
				{
					input.Unacquire();
					input.Dispose();
					input = null;
				}
				if ( device != null)
				{
					device.Dispose();
					device = null;
				}
				this.Close();	
			}
		}

		private void Playerlost(Player player, Vector3 v)
		{			
			for ( int i = 0; i < players.Length; i ++)
				if ( players[i] != player) players[i].Score ++;
			ZoomInPoint = v;
			z = 0f;
			
			// This calculates the UpVector for the ViewMatrix, not really working
			float dx = CamPos.X - ZoomInPoint.X;
			float dy = CamPos.X - ZoomInPoint.X;
			float dz = CamPos.X - ZoomInPoint.X;
			float dxz = (float) Math.Sqrt(dx*dx+dz*dz);
			float alfa = (float) ( Math.PI - Math.Atan(dy/dxz) );
			float beta = (float) Math.Atan(dz/dx);			
			UpVector = new Vector3( (float) Math.Cos(beta) * dxz,(float) Math.Cos(alfa),(float) Math.Sin(beta)*dxz );
			UpVector.Normalize();
			GameFinished = true;
		}

		private void Return_KeyUp(object sender, EventArgs e)
		{
			if ( GameFinished )
				RestartGame();
		}

		private void RestartGame()
		{			
			// Clear the level and assign a new level to it.
			level.Reset( (Levels) rnd.Next(Level.numLevels) );
			// Clear the trails of the player and reset their position
			for ( int i = 0; i < players.Length; i ++)
				players[i].Reset(level);						
			// Inform the arena about where to draw obstacles
			arena.ResetObstacles(level);
			GameFinished = false;
			// Reset the camera position
			device.Transform.View = Matrix.LookAtLH( CamPos,Arena.ArenaCenter,new Vector3(0,0,1) );
		}

//		private Vector3 v3Lerp(Vector3 v1,Vector3 v2,float l)
//		{
//			return new Vector3( v1.X * l + (1f-l) * v2.X, v1.Y * l + (1f-l) * v2.Y, v1.Z * l + (1f-l) * v2.Z);
//		}


	}
}