2D Polygon Collision Detection

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;


namespace PolygonIntersection {

	public partial class MainForm : Form {

		// Structure that stores the results of the PolygonCollision function
		public struct PolygonCollisionResult {
			public bool WillIntersect; // Are the polygons going to intersect forward in time?
			public bool Intersect; // Are the polygons currently intersecting
			public Vector MinimumTranslationVector; // The translation to apply to polygon A to push the polygons appart.
		}

		// Check if polygon A is going to collide with polygon B for the given velocity
		public PolygonCollisionResult PolygonCollision(Polygon polygonA, Polygon polygonB, Vector velocity) {
			PolygonCollisionResult result = new PolygonCollisionResult();
			result.Intersect = true;
			result.WillIntersect = true;

			int edgeCountA = polygonA.Edges.Count;
			int edgeCountB = polygonB.Edges.Count;
			float minIntervalDistance = float.PositiveInfinity;
			Vector translationAxis = new Vector();
			Vector edge;

			// Loop through all the edges of both polygons
			for (int edgeIndex = 0; edgeIndex < edgeCountA + edgeCountB; edgeIndex++) {
				if (edgeIndex < edgeCountA) {
					edge = polygonA.Edges[edgeIndex];
				} else {
					edge = polygonB.Edges[edgeIndex - edgeCountA];
				}

				// ===== 1. Find if the polygons are currently intersecting =====

				// Find the axis perpendicular to the current edge
				Vector axis = new Vector(-edge.Y, edge.X);
				axis.Normalize();

				// Find the projection of the polygon on the current axis
				float minA = 0; float minB = 0; float maxA = 0; float maxB = 0;
				ProjectPolygon(axis, polygonA, ref minA, ref maxA);
				ProjectPolygon(axis, polygonB, ref minB, ref maxB);

				// Check if the polygon projections are currentlty intersecting
				if (IntervalDistance(minA, maxA, minB, maxB) > 0) result.Intersect = false;

				// ===== 2. Now find if the polygons *will* intersect =====

				// Project the velocity on the current axis
				float velocityProjection = axis.DotProduct(velocity);

				// Get the projection of polygon A during the movement
				if (velocityProjection < 0) {
					minA += velocityProjection;
				} else {
					maxA += velocityProjection;
				}

				// Do the same test as above for the new projection
				float intervalDistance = IntervalDistance(minA, maxA, minB, maxB);
				if (intervalDistance > 0) result.WillIntersect = false;

				// If the polygons are not intersecting and won't intersect, exit the loop
				if (!result.Intersect && !result.WillIntersect) break;

				// Check if the current interval distance is the minimum one. If so store
				// the interval distance and the current distance.
				// This will be used to calculate the minimum translation vector
				intervalDistance = Math.Abs(intervalDistance);
				if (intervalDistance < minIntervalDistance) {
					minIntervalDistance = intervalDistance;
					translationAxis = axis;

					Vector d = polygonA.Center - polygonB.Center;
					if (d.DotProduct(translationAxis) < 0) translationAxis = -translationAxis;
				}
			}

			// The minimum translation vector can be used to push the polygons appart.
			// First moves the polygons by their velocity
			// then move polygonA by MinimumTranslationVector.
			if (result.WillIntersect) result.MinimumTranslationVector = translationAxis * minIntervalDistance;
			
			return result;
		}

		// Calculate the distance between [minA, maxA] and [minB, maxB]
		// The distance will be negative if the intervals overlap
		public float IntervalDistance(float minA, float maxA, float minB, float maxB) {
			if (minA < minB) {
				return minB - maxA;
			} else {
				return minA - maxB;
			}
		}

		// Calculate the projection of a polygon on an axis and returns it as a [min, max] interval
		public void ProjectPolygon(Vector axis, Polygon polygon, ref float min, ref float max) {
			// To project a point on an axis use the dot product
			float d = axis.DotProduct(polygon.Points[0]);
			min = d;
			max = d;
			for (int i = 0; i < polygon.Points.Count; i++) {
				d = polygon.Points[i].DotProduct(axis);
				if (d < min) {
					min = d;
				} else {
					if (d > max) {
						max = d;
					}
				}
			}
		}


	}

}