/*
** 2004 May 22
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code. In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
** May you do good and not evil.
** May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
** May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
******************************************************************************
**
** This file contains code that is specific to windows.
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#if OS_WIN /* This file is used for windows only */
/*
** A Note About Memory Allocation:
**
** This driver uses malloc()/free() directly rather than going through
** the SQLite-wrappers sqlite3_malloc()/sqlite3_free(). Those wrappers
** are designed for use on embedded systems where memory is scarce and
** malloc failures happen frequently. Win32 does not typically run on
** embedded systems, and when it does the developers normally have bigger
** problems to worry about than running out of memory. So there is not
** a compelling need to use the wrappers.
**
** But there is a good reason to not use the wrappers. If we use the
** wrappers then we will get simulated malloc() failures within this
** driver. And that causes all kinds of problems for our tests. We
** could enhance SQLite to deal with simulated malloc failures within
** the OS driver, but the code to deal with those failure would not
** be exercised on Linux (which does not need to malloc() in the driver)
** and so we would have difficulty writing coverage tests for that
** code. Better to leave the code out, we think.
**
** The point of this discussion is as follows: When creating a new
** OS layer for an embedded system, if you use this file as an example,
** avoid the use of malloc()/free(). Those routines work ok on windows
** desktops but not so well in embedded systems.
*/
#include <winbase.h>
#ifdef __CYGWIN__
# include <sys/cygwin.h>
#endif
/*
** Macros used to determine whether or not to use threads.
*/
#if defined(THREADSAFE) && THREADSAFE
# define SQLITE_W32_THREADS 1
#endif
/*
** Include code that is common to all os_*.c files
*/
#include "os_common.h"
/*
** Determine if we are dealing with WindowsCE - which has a much
** reduced API.
*/
#if defined(_WIN32_WCE)
# define OS_WINCE 1
# define AreFileApisANSI() 1
#else
# define OS_WINCE 0
#endif
/*
** WinCE lacks native support for file locking so we have to fake it
** with some code of our own.
*/
#if OS_WINCE
typedef struct winceLock {
int nReaders; /* Number of reader locks obtained */
BOOL bPending; /* Indicates a pending lock has been obtained */
BOOL bReserved; /* Indicates a reserved lock has been obtained */
BOOL bExclusive; /* Indicates an exclusive lock has been obtained */
} winceLock;
#endif
/*
** The winFile structure is a subclass of sqlite3_file* specific to the win32
** portability layer.
*/
typedef struct winFile winFile;
struct winFile {
const sqlite3_io_methods *pMethod;/* Must be first */
HANDLE h; /* Handle for accessing the file */
unsigned char locktype; /* Type of lock currently held on this file */
short sharedLockByte; /* Randomly chosen byte used as a shared lock */
#if OS_WINCE
WCHAR *zDeleteOnClose; /* Name of file to delete when closing */
HANDLE hMutex; /* Mutex used to control access to shared lock */
HANDLE hShared; /* Shared memory segment used for locking */
winceLock local; /* Locks obtained by this instance of winFile */
winceLock *shared; /* Global shared lock memory for the file */
#endif
};
/*
** The following variable is (normally) set once and never changes
** thereafter. It records whether the operating system is Win95
** or WinNT.
**
** 0: Operating system unknown.
** 1: Operating system is Win95.
** 2: Operating system is WinNT.
**
** In order to facilitate testing on a WinNT system, the test fixture
** can manually set this value to 1 to emulate Win98 behavior.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
int sqlite3_os_type = 0;
#else
static int sqlite3_os_type = 0;
#endif
/*
** Return true (non-zero) if we are running under WinNT, Win2K, WinXP,
** or WinCE. Return false (zero) for Win95, Win98, or WinME.
**
** Here is an interesting observation: Win95, Win98, and WinME lack
** the LockFileEx() API. But we can still statically link against that
** API as long as we don't call it win running Win95/98/ME. A call to
** this routine is used to determine if the host is Win95/98/ME or
** WinNT/2K/XP so that we will know whether or not we can safely call
** the LockFileEx() API.
*/
#if OS_WINCE
# define isNT() (1)
#else
static int isNT(void){
if( sqlite3_os_type==0 ){
OSVERSIONINFO sInfo;
sInfo.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(sInfo);
GetVersionEx(&sInfo);
sqlite3_os_type = sInfo.dwPlatformId==VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT ? 2 : 1;
}
return sqlite3_os_type==2;
}
#endif /* OS_WINCE */
/*
** Convert a UTF-8 string to microsoft unicode (UTF-16?).
**
** Space to hold the returned string is obtained from malloc.
*/
static WCHAR *utf8ToUnicode(const char *zFilename){
int nChar;
WCHAR *zWideFilename;
nChar = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, zFilename, -1, NULL, 0);
zWideFilename = malloc( nChar*sizeof(zWideFilename[0]) );
if( zWideFilename==0 ){
return 0;
}
nChar = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, zFilename, -1, zWideFilename, nChar);
if( nChar==0 ){
free(zWideFilename);
zWideFilename = 0;
}
return zWideFilename;
}
/*
** Convert microsoft unicode to UTF-8. Space to hold the returned string is
** obtained from malloc().
*/
static char *unicodeToUtf8(const WCHAR *zWideFilename){
int nByte;
char *zFilename;
nByte = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zWideFilename, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0);
zFilename = malloc( nByte );
if( zFilename==0 ){
return 0;
}
nByte = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zWideFilename, -1, zFilename, nByte,
0, 0);
if( nByte == 0 ){
free(zFilename);
zFilename = 0;
}
return zFilename;
}
/*
** Convert an ansi string to microsoft unicode, based on the
** current codepage settings for file apis.
**
** Space to hold the returned string is obtained
** from malloc.
*/
static WCHAR *mbcsToUnicode(const char *zFilename){
int nByte;
WCHAR *zMbcsFilename;
int codepage = AreFileApisANSI() ? CP_ACP : CP_OEMCP;
nByte = MultiByteToWideChar(codepage, 0, zFilename, -1, NULL,0)*sizeof(WCHAR);
zMbcsFilename = malloc( nByte*sizeof(zMbcsFilename[0]) );
if( zMbcsFilename==0 ){
return 0;
}
nByte = MultiByteToWideChar(codepage, 0, zFilename, -1, zMbcsFilename, nByte);
if( nByte==0 ){
free(zMbcsFilename);
zMbcsFilename = 0;
}
return zMbcsFilename;
}
/*
** Convert microsoft unicode to multibyte character string, based on the
** user's Ansi codepage.
**
** Space to hold the returned string is obtained from
** malloc().
*/
static char *unicodeToMbcs(const WCHAR *zWideFilename){
int nByte;
char *zFilename;
int codepage = AreFileApisANSI() ? CP_ACP : CP_OEMCP;
nByte = WideCharToMultiByte(codepage, 0, zWideFilename, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0);
zFilename = malloc( nByte );
if( zFilename==0 ){
return 0;
}
nByte = WideCharToMultiByte(codepage, 0, zWideFilename, -1, zFilename, nByte,
0, 0);
if( nByte == 0 ){
free(zFilename);
zFilename = 0;
}
return zFilename;
}
/*
** Convert multibyte character string to UTF-8. Space to hold the
** returned string is obtained from malloc().
*/
static char *mbcsToUtf8(const char *zFilename){
char *zFilenameUtf8;
WCHAR *zTmpWide;
zTmpWide = mbcsToUnicode(zFilename);
if( zTmpWide==0 ){
return 0;
}
zFilenameUtf8 = unicodeToUtf8(zTmpWide);
free(zTmpWide);
return zFilenameUtf8;
}
/*
** Convert UTF-8 to multibyte character string. Space to hold the
** returned string is obtained from malloc().
*/
static char *utf8ToMbcs(const char *zFilename){
char *zFilenameMbcs;
WCHAR *zTmpWide;
zTmpWide = utf8ToUnicode(zFilename);
if( zTmpWide==0 ){
return 0;
}
zFilenameMbcs = unicodeToMbcs(zTmpWide);
free(zTmpWide);
return zFilenameMbcs;
}
#if OS_WINCE
/*************************************************************************
** This section contains code for WinCE only.
*/
/*
** WindowsCE does not have a localtime() function. So create a
** substitute.
*/
#include <time.h>
struct tm *__cdecl localtime(const time_t *t)
{
static struct tm y;
FILETIME uTm, lTm;
SYSTEMTIME pTm;
sqlite3_int64 t64;
t64 = *t;
t64 = (t64 + 11644473600)*10000000;
uTm.dwLowDateTime = t64 & 0xFFFFFFFF;
uTm.dwHighDateTime= t64 >> 32;
FileTimeToLocalFileTime(&uTm,&lTm);
FileTimeToSystemTime(&lTm,&pTm);
y.tm_year = pTm.wYear - 1900;
y.tm_mon = pTm.wMonth - 1;
y.tm_wday = pTm.wDayOfWeek;
y.tm_mday = pTm.wDay;
y.tm_hour = pTm.wHour;
y.tm_min = pTm.wMinute;
y.tm_sec = pTm.wSecond;
return &y;
}
/* This will never be called, but defined to make the code compile */
#define GetTempPathA(a,b)
#define LockFile(a,b,c,d,e) winceLockFile(&a, b, c, d, e)
#define UnlockFile(a,b,c,d,e) winceUnlockFile(&a, b, c, d, e)
#define LockFileEx(a,b,c,d,e,f) winceLockFileEx(&a, b, c, d, e, f)
#define HANDLE_TO_WINFILE(a) (winFile*)&((char*)a)[-offsetof(winFile,h)]
/*
** Acquire a lock on the handle h
*/
static void winceMutexAcquire(HANDLE h){
DWORD dwErr;
do {
dwErr = WaitForSingleObject(h, INFINITE);
} while (dwErr != WAIT_OBJECT_0 && dwErr != WAIT_ABANDONED);
}
/*
** Release a lock acquired by winceMutexAcquire()
*/
#define winceMutexRelease(h) ReleaseMutex(h)
/*
** Create the mutex and shared memory used for locking in the file
** descriptor pFile
*/
static BOOL winceCreateLock(const char *zFilename, winFile *pFile){
WCHAR *zTok;
WCHAR *zName = utf8ToUnicode(zFilename);
BOOL bInit = TRUE;
/* Initialize the local lockdata */
ZeroMemory(&pFile->local, sizeof(pFile->local));
/* Replace the backslashes from the filename and lowercase it
** to derive a mutex name. */
zTok = CharLowerW(zName);
for (;*zTok;zTok++){
if (*zTok == '\\') *zTok = '_';
}
/* Create/open the named mutex */
pFile->hMutex = CreateMutexW(NULL, FALSE, zName);
if (!pFile->hMutex){
free(zName);
return FALSE;
}
/* Acquire the mutex before continuing */
winceMutexAcquire(pFile->hMutex);
/* Since the names of named mutexes, semaphores, file mappings etc are
** case-sensitive, take advantage of that by uppercasing the mutex name
** and using that as the shared filemapping name.
*/
CharUpperW(zName);
pFile->hShared = CreateFileMappingW(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, NULL,
PAGE_READWRITE, 0, sizeof(winceLock),
zName);
/* Set a flag that indicates we're the first to create the memory so it
** must be zero-initialized */
if (GetLastError() == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS){
bInit = FALSE;
}
free(zName);
/* If we succeeded in making the shared memory handle, map it. */
if (pFile->hShared){
pFile->shared = (winceLock*)MapViewOfFile(pFile->hShared,
FILE_MAP_READ|FILE_MAP_WRITE, 0, 0, sizeof(winceLock));
/* If mapping failed, close the shared memory handle and erase it */
if (!pFile->shared){
CloseHandle(pFile->hShared);
pFile->hShared = NULL;
}
}
/* If shared memory could not be created, then close the mutex and fail */
if (pFile->hShared == NULL){
winceMutexRelease(pFile->hMutex);
CloseHandle(pFile->hMutex);
pFile->hMutex = NULL;
return FALSE;
}
/* Initialize the shared memory if we're supposed to */
if (bInit) {
ZeroMemory(pFile->shared, sizeof(winceLock));
}
winceMutexRelease(pFile->hMutex);
return TRUE;
}
/*
** Destroy the part of winFile that deals with wince locks
*/
static void winceDestroyLock(winFile *pFile){
if (pFile->hMutex){
/* Acquire the mutex */
winceMutexAcquire(pFile->hMutex);
/* The following blocks should probably assert in debug mode, but they
are to cleanup in case any locks remained open */
if (pFile->local.nReaders){
pFile->shared->nReaders --;
}
if (pFile->local.bReserved){
pFile->shared->bReserved = FALSE;
}
if (pFile->local.bPending){
pFile->shared->bPending = FALSE;
}
if (pFile->local.bExclusive){
pFile->shared->bExclusive = FALSE;
}
/* De-reference and close our copy of the shared memory handle */
UnmapViewOfFile(pFile->shared);
CloseHandle(pFile->hShared);
/* Done with the mutex */
winceMutexRelease(pFile->hMutex);
CloseHandle(pFile->hMutex);
pFile->hMutex = NULL;
}
}
/*
** An implementation of the LockFile() API of windows for wince
*/
static BOOL winceLockFile(
HANDLE *phFile,
DWORD dwFileOffsetLow,
DWORD dwFileOffsetHigh,
DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockLow,
DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh
){
winFile *pFile = HANDLE_TO_WINFILE(phFile);
BOOL bReturn = FALSE;
if (!pFile->hMutex) return TRUE;
winceMutexAcquire(pFile->hMutex);
/* Wanting an exclusive lock? */
if (dwFileOffsetLow == SHARED_FIRST
&& nNumberOfBytesToLockLow == SHARED_SIZE){
if (pFile->shared->nReaders == 0 && pFile->shared->bExclusive == 0){
pFile->shared->bExclusive = TRUE;
pFile->local.bExclusive = TRUE;
bReturn = TRUE;
}
}
/* Want a read-only lock? */
else if ((dwFileOffsetLow >= SHARED_FIRST &&
dwFileOffsetLow < SHARED_FIRST + SHARED_SIZE) &&
nNumberOfBytesToLockLow == 1){
if (pFile->shared->bExclusive == 0){
pFile->local.nReaders ++;
if (pFile->local.nReaders == 1){
pFile->shared->nReaders ++;
}
bReturn = TRUE;
}
}
/* Want a pending lock? */
else if (dwFileOffsetLow == PENDING_BYTE && nNumberOfBytesToLockLow == 1){
/* If no pending lock has been acquired, then acquire it */
if (pFile->shared->bPending == 0) {
pFile->shared->bPending = TRUE;
pFile->local.bPending = TRUE;
bReturn = TRUE;
}
}
/* Want a reserved lock? */
else if (dwFileOffsetLow == RESERVED_BYTE && nNumberOfBytesToLockLow == 1){
if (pFile->shared->bReserved == 0) {
pFile->shared->bReserved = TRUE;
pFile->local.bReserved = TRUE;
bReturn = TRUE;
}
}
winceMutexRelease(pFile->hMutex);
return bReturn;
}
/*
** An implementation of the UnlockFile API of windows for wince
*/
static BOOL winceUnlockFile(
HANDLE *phFile,
DWORD dwFileOffsetLow,
DWORD dwFileOffsetHigh,
DWORD nNumberOfBytesToUnlockLow,
DWORD nNumberOfBytesToUnlockHigh
){
winFile *pFile = HANDLE_TO_WINFILE(phFile);
BOOL bReturn = FALSE;
if (!pFile->hMutex) return TRUE;
winceMutexAcquire(pFile->hMutex);
/* Releasing a reader lock or an exclusive lock */
if (dwFileOffsetLow >= SHARED_FIRST &&
dwFileOffsetLow < SHARED_FIRST + SHARED_SIZE){
/* Did we have an exclusive lock? */
if (pFile->local.bExclusive){
pFile->local.bExclusive = FALSE;
pFile->shared->bExclusive = FALSE;
bReturn = TRUE;
}
/* Did we just have a reader lock? */
else if (pFile->local.nReaders){
pFile->local.nReaders --;
if (pFile->local.nReaders == 0)
{
pFile->shared->nReaders --;
}
bReturn = TRUE;
}
}
/* Releasing a pending lock */
else if (dwFileOffsetLow == PENDING_BYTE && nNumberOfBytesToUnlockLow == 1){
if (pFile->local.bPending){
pFile->local.bPending = FALSE;
pFile->shared->bPending = FALSE;
bReturn = TRUE;
}
}
/* Releasing a reserved lock */
else if (dwFileOffsetLow == RESERVED_BYTE && nNumberOfBytesToUnlockLow == 1){
if (pFile->local.bReserved) {
pFile->local.bReserved = FALSE;
pFile->shared->bReserved = FALSE;
bReturn = TRUE;
}
}
winceMutexRelease(pFile->hMutex);
return bReturn;
}
/*
** An implementation of the LockFileEx() API of windows for wince
*/
static BOOL winceLockFileEx(
HANDLE *phFile,
DWORD dwFlags,
DWORD dwReserved,
DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockLow,
DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh,
LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped
){
/* If the caller wants a shared read lock, forward this call
** to winceLockFile */
if (lpOverlapped->Offset == SHARED_FIRST &&
dwFlags == 1 &&
nNumberOfBytesToLockLow == SHARED_SIZE){
return winceLockFile(phFile, SHARED_FIRST, 0, 1, 0);
}
return FALSE;
}
/*
** End of the special code for wince
*****************************************************************************/
#endif /* OS_WINCE */
/*****************************************************************************
** The next group of routines implement the I/O methods specified
** by the sqlite3_io_methods object.
******************************************************************************/
/*
** Close a file.
**
** It is reported that an attempt to close a handle might sometimes
** fail. This is a very unreasonable result, but windows is notorious
** for being unreasonable so I do not doubt that it might happen. If
** the close fails, we pause for 100 milliseconds and try again. As
** many as MX_CLOSE_ATTEMPT attempts to close the handle are made before
** giving up and returning an error.
*/
#define MX_CLOSE_ATTEMPT 3
static int winClose(sqlite3_file *id){
int rc, cnt = 0;
winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
OSTRACE2("CLOSE %d\n", pFile->h);
do{
rc = CloseHandle(pFile->h);
}while( rc==0 && cnt++ < MX_CLOSE_ATTEMPT && (Sleep(100), 1) );
#if OS_WINCE
winceDestroyLock(pFile);
if( pFile->zDeleteOnClose ){
DeleteFileW(pFile->zDeleteOnClose);
free(pFile->zDeleteOnClose);
}
#endif
OpenCounter(-1);
return rc ? SQLITE_OK : SQLITE_IOERR;
}
/*
** Some microsoft compilers lack this definition.
*/
#ifndef INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER
# define INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER ((DWORD)-1)
#endif
/*
** Read data from a file into a buffer. Return SQLITE_OK if all
** bytes were read successfully and SQLITE_IOERR if anything goes
** wrong.
*/
static int winRead(
sqlite3_file *id, /* File to read from */
void *pBuf, /* Write content into this buffer */
int amt, /* Number of bytes to read */
sqlite3_int64 offset /* Begin reading at this offset */
){
LONG upperBits = (offset>>32) & 0x7fffffff;
LONG lowerBits = offset & 0xffffffff;
DWORD rc;
DWORD got;
winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
assert( id!=0 );
SimulateIOError(return SQLITE_IOERR_READ);
OSTRACE3("READ %d lock=%d\n", pFile->h, pFile->locktype);
rc = SetFilePointer(pFile->h, lowerBits, &upperBits, FILE_BEGIN);
if( rc==INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER && GetLastError()!=NO_ERROR ){
return SQLITE_FULL;
}
if( !ReadFile(pFile->h, pBuf, amt, &got, 0) ){
return SQLITE_IOERR_READ;
}
if( got==(DWORD)amt ){
return SQLITE_OK;
}else{
memset(&((char*)pBuf)[got], 0, amt-got);
return SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ;
}
}
/*
** Write data from a buffer into a file. Return SQLITE_OK on success
** or some other error code on failure.
*/
static int winWrite(
sqlite3_file *id, /* File to write into */
const void *pBuf, /* The bytes to be written */
int amt, /* Number of bytes to write */
sqlite3_int64 offset /* Offset into the file to begin writing at */
){
LONG upperBits = (offset>>32) & 0x7fffffff;
LONG lowerBits = offset & 0xffffffff;
DWORD rc;
DWORD wrote;
winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
assert( id!=0 );
SimulateIOError(return SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE);
SimulateDiskfullError(return SQLITE_FULL);
OSTRACE3("WRITE %d lock=%d\n", pFile->h, pFile->locktype);
rc = SetFilePointer(pFile->h, lowerBits, &upperBits, FILE_BEGIN);
if( rc==INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER && GetLastError()!=NO_ERROR ){
return SQLITE_FULL;
}
assert( amt>0 );
while(
amt>0
&& (rc = WriteFile(pFile->h, pBuf, amt, &wrote, 0))!=0
&& wrote>0
){
amt -= wrote;
pBuf = &((char*)pBuf)[wrote];
}
if( !rc || amt>(int)wrote ){
return SQLITE_FULL;
}
return SQLITE_OK;
}
/*
** Truncate an open file to a specified size
*/
static int winTruncate(sqlite3_file *id, sqlite3_int64 nByte){
LONG upperBits = (nByte>>32) & 0x7fffffff;
LONG lowerBits = nByte & 0xffffffff;
winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
OSTRACE3("TRUNCATE %d %lld\n", pFile->h, nByte);
SimulateIOError(return SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE);
SetFilePointer(pFile->h, lowerBits, &upperBits, FILE_BEGIN);
SetEndOfFile(pFile->h);
return SQLITE_OK;
}
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
/*
** Count the number of fullsyncs and normal syncs. This is used to test
** that syncs and fullsyncs are occuring at the right times.
*/
int sqlite3_sync_count = 0;
int sqlite3_fullsync_count = 0;
#endif
/*
** Make sure all writes to a particular file are committed to disk.
*/
static int winSync(sqlite3_file *id, int flags){
winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
OSTRACE3("SYNC %d lock=%d\n", pFile->h, pFile->locktype);
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
if( flags & SQLITE_SYNC_FULL ){
sqlite3_fullsync_count++;
}
sqlite3_sync_count++;
#endif
if( FlushFileBuffers(pFile->h) ){
return SQLITE_OK;
}else{
return SQLITE_IOERR;
}
}
/*
** Determine the current size of a file in bytes
*/
static int winFileSize(sqlite3_file *id, sqlite3_int64 *pSize){
winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
DWORD upperBits, lowerBits;
SimulateIOError(return SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT);
lowerBits = GetFileSize(pFile->h, &upperBits);
*pSize = (((sqlite3_int64)upperBits)<<32) + lowerBits;
return SQLITE_OK;
}
/*
** LOCKFILE_FAIL_IMMEDIATELY is undefined on some Windows systems.
*/
#ifndef LOCKFILE_FAIL_IMMEDIATELY
# define LOCKFILE_FAIL_IMMEDIATELY 1
#endif
/*
** Acquire a reader lock.
** Different API routines are called depending on whether or not this
** is Win95 or WinNT.
*/
static int getReadLock(winFile *pFile){
int res;
if( isNT() ){
OVERLAPPED ovlp;
ovlp.Offset = SHARED_FIRST;
ovlp.OffsetHigh = 0;
ovlp.hEvent = 0;
res = LockFileEx(pFile->h, LOCKFILE_FAIL_IMMEDIATELY,
0, SHARED_SIZE, 0, &ovlp);
}else{
int lk;
sqlite3Randomness(sizeof(lk), &lk);
pFile->sharedLockByte = (lk & 0x7fffffff)%(SHARED_SIZE - 1);
res = LockFile(pFile->h, SHARED_FIRST+pFile->sharedLockByte, 0, 1, 0);
}
return res;
}
/*
** Undo a readlock
*/
static int unlockReadLock(winFile *pFile){
int res;
if( isNT() ){
res = UnlockFile(pFile->h, SHARED_FIRST, 0, SHARED_SIZE, 0);
}else{
res = UnlockFile(pFile->h, SHARED_FIRST + pFile->sharedLockByte, 0, 1, 0);
}
return res;
}
/*
** Lock the file with the lock specified by parameter locktype - one
** of the following:
**
** (1) SHARED_LOCK
** (2) RESERVED_LOCK
** (3) PENDING_LOCK
** (4) EXCLUSIVE_LOCK
**
** Sometimes when requesting one lock state, additional lock states
** are inserted in between. The locking might fail on one of the later
** transitions leaving the lock state different from what it started but
** still short of its goal. The following chart shows the allowed
** transitions and the inserted intermediate states:
**
** UNLOCKED -> SHARED
** SHARED -> RESERVED
** SHARED -> (PENDING) -> EXCLUSIVE
** RESERVED -> (PENDING) -> EXCLUSIVE
** PENDING -> EXCLUSIVE
**
** This routine will only increase a lock. The winUnlock() routine
** erases all locks at once and returns us immediately to locking level 0.
** It is not possible to lower the locking level one step at a time. You
** must go straight to locking level 0.
*/
static int winLock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype){
int rc = SQLITE_OK; /* Return code from subroutines */
int res = 1; /* Result of a windows lock call */
int newLocktype; /* Set pFile->locktype to this value before exiting */
int gotPendingLock = 0;/* True if we acquired a PENDING lock this time */
winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
assert( pFile!=0 );
OSTRACE5("LOCK %d %d was %d(%d)\n",
pFile->h, locktype, pFile->locktype, pFile->sharedLockByte);
/* If there is already a lock of this type or more restrictive on the
** OsFile, do nothing. Don't use the end_lock: exit path, as
** sqlite3OsEnterMutex() hasn't been called yet.
*/
if( pFile->locktype>=locktype ){
return SQLITE_OK;
}
/* Make sure the locking sequence is correct
*/
assert( pFile->locktype!=NO_LOCK || locktype==SHARED_LOCK );
assert( locktype!=PENDING_LOCK );
assert( locktype!=RESERVED_LOCK || pFile->locktype==SHARED_LOCK );
/* Lock the PENDING_LOCK byte if we need to acquire a PENDING lock or
** a SHARED lock. If we are acquiring a SHARED lock, the acquisition of
** the PENDING_LOCK byte is temporary.
*/
newLocktype = pFile->locktype;
if( pFile->locktype==NO_LOCK
|| (locktype==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK && pFile->locktype==RESERVED_LOCK)
){
int cnt = 3;
while( cnt-->0 && (res = LockFile(pFile->h, PENDING_BYTE, 0, 1, 0))==0 ){
/* Try 3 times to get the pending lock. The pending lock might be
** held by another reader process who will release it momentarily.
*/
OSTRACE2("could not get a PENDING lock. cnt=%d\n", cnt);
Sleep(1);
}
gotPendingLock = res;
}
/* Acquire a shared lock
*/
if( locktype==SHARED_LOCK && res ){
assert( pFile->locktype==NO_LOCK );
res = getReadLock(pFile);
if( res ){
newLocktype = SHARED_LOCK;
}
}
/* Acquire a RESERVED lock
*/
if( locktype==RESERVED_LOCK && res ){
assert( pFile->locktype==SHARED_LOCK );
res = LockFile(pFile->h, RESERVED_BYTE, 0, 1, 0);
if( res ){
newLocktype = RESERVED_LOCK;
}
}
/* Acquire a PENDING lock
*/
if( locktype==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK && res ){
newLocktype = PENDING_LOCK;
gotPendingLock = 0;
}
/* Acquire an EXCLUSIVE lock
*/
if( locktype==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK && res ){
assert( pFile->locktype>=SHARED_LOCK );
res = unlockReadLock(pFile);
OSTRACE2("unreadlock = %d\n", res);
res = LockFile(pFile->h, SHARED_FIRST, 0, SHARED_SIZE, 0);
if( res ){
newLocktype = EXCLUSIVE_LOCK;
}else{
OSTRACE2("error-code = %d\n", GetLastError());
getReadLock(pFile);
}
}
/* If we are holding a PENDING lock that ought to be released, then
** release it now.
*/
if( gotPendingLock && locktype==SHARED_LOCK ){
UnlockFile(pFile->h, PENDING_BYTE, 0, 1, 0);
}
/* Update the state of the lock has held in the file descriptor then
** return the appropriate result code.
*/
if( res ){
rc = SQLITE_OK;
}else{
OSTRACE4("LOCK FAILED %d trying for %d but got %d\n", pFile->h,
locktype, newLocktype);
rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
}
pFile->locktype = newLocktype;
return rc;
}
/*
** This routine checks if there is a RESERVED lock held on the specified
** file by this or any other process. If such a lock is held, return
** non-zero, otherwise zero.
*/
static int winCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id){
int rc;
winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
assert( pFile!=0 );
if( pFile->locktype>=RESERVED_LOCK ){
rc = 1;
OSTRACE3("TEST WR-LOCK %d %d (local)\n", pFile->h, rc);
}else{
rc = LockFile(pFile->h, RESERVED_BYTE, 0, 1, 0);
if( rc ){
UnlockFile(pFile->h, RESERVED_BYTE, 0, 1, 0);
}
rc = !rc;
OSTRACE3("TEST WR-LOCK %d %d (remote)\n", pFile->h, rc);
}
return rc;
}
/*
** Lower the locking level on file descriptor id to locktype. locktype
** must be either NO_LOCK or SHARED_LOCK.
**
** If the locking level of the file descriptor is already at or below
** the requested locking level, this routine is a no-op.
**
** It is not possible for this routine to fail if the second argument
** is NO_LOCK. If the second argument is SHARED_LOCK then this routine
** might return SQLITE_IOERR;
*/
static int winUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype){
int type;
winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
int rc = SQLITE_OK;
assert( pFile!=0 );
assert( locktype<=SHARED_LOCK );
OSTRACE5("UNLOCK %d to %d was %d(%d)\n", pFile->h, locktype,
pFile->locktype, pFile->sharedLockByte);
type = pFile->locktype;
if( type>=EXCLUSIVE_LOCK ){
UnlockFile(pFile->h, SHARED_FIRST, 0, SHARED_SIZE, 0);
if( locktype==SHARED_LOCK && !getReadLock(pFile) ){
/* This should never happen. We should always be able to
** reacquire the read lock */
rc = SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK;
}
}
if( type>=RESERVED_LOCK ){
UnlockFile(pFile->h, RESERVED_BYTE, 0, 1, 0);
}
if( locktype==NO_LOCK && type>=SHARED_LOCK ){
unlockReadLock(pFile);
}
if( type>=PENDING_LOCK ){
UnlockFile(pFile->h, PENDING_BYTE, 0, 1, 0);
}
pFile->locktype = locktype;
return rc;
}
/*
** Control and query of the open file handle.
*/
static int winFileControl(sqlite3_file *id, int op, void *pArg){
switch( op ){
case SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE: {
*(int*)pArg = ((winFile*)id)->locktype;
return SQLITE_OK;
}
}
return SQLITE_ERROR;
}
/*
** Return the sector size in bytes of the underlying block device for
** the specified file. This is almost always 512 bytes, but may be
** larger for some devices.
**
** SQLite code assumes this function cannot fail. It also assumes that
** if two files are created in the same file-system directory (i.e.
** a database and its journal file) that the sector size will be the
** same for both.
*/
static int winSectorSize(sqlite3_file *id){
return SQLITE_DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE;
}
/*
** Return a vector of device characteristics.
*/
static int winDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file *id){
return 0;
}
/*
** This vector defines all the methods that can operate on an
** sqlite3_file for win32.
*/
static const sqlite3_io_methods winIoMethod = {
1, /* iVersion */
winClose,
winRead,
winWrite,
winTruncate,
winSync,
winFileSize,
winLock,
winUnlock,
winCheckReservedLock,
winFileControl,
winSectorSize,
winDeviceCharacteristics
};
/***************************************************************************
** Here ends the I/O methods that form the sqlite3_io_methods object.
**
** The next block of code implements the VFS methods.
****************************************************************************/
/*
** Convert a UTF-8 filename into whatever form the underlying
** operating system wants filenames in. Space to hold the result
** is obtained from malloc and must be freed by the calling
** function.
*/
static void *convertUtf8Filename(const char *zFilename){
void *zConverted = 0;
if( isNT() ){
zConverted = utf8ToUnicode(zFilename);
}else{
zConverted = utf8ToMbcs(zFilename);
}
/* caller will handle out of memory */
return zConverted;
}
/*
** Open a file.
*/
static int winOpen(
sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, /* Not used */
const char *zName, /* Name of the file (UTF-8) */
sqlite3_file *id, /* Write the SQLite file handle here */
int flags, /* Open mode flags */
int *pOutFlags /* Status return flags */
){
HANDLE h;
DWORD dwDesiredAccess;
DWORD dwShareMode;
DWORD dwCreationDisposition;
DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes = 0;
int isTemp;
winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
void *zConverted = convertUtf8Filename(zName);
if( zConverted==0 ){
return SQLITE_NOMEM;
}
if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE ){
dwDesiredAccess = GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE;
}else{
dwDesiredAccess = GENERIC_READ;
}
if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE ){
dwCreationDisposition = OPEN_ALWAYS;
}else{
dwCreationDisposition = OPEN_EXISTING;
}
if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB ){
dwShareMode = FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE;
}else{
dwShareMode = 0;
}
if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE ){
#if OS_WINCE
dwFlagsAndAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
#else
dwFlagsAndAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY
| FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN
| FILE_FLAG_DELETE_ON_CLOSE;
#endif
isTemp = 1;
}else{
dwFlagsAndAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
isTemp = 0;
}
/* Reports from the internet are that performance is always
** better if FILE_FLAG_RANDOM_ACCESS is used. Ticket #2699. */
dwFlagsAndAttributes |= FILE_FLAG_RANDOM_ACCESS;
if( isNT() ){
h = CreateFileW((WCHAR*)zConverted,
dwDesiredAccess,
dwShareMode,
NULL,
dwCreationDisposition,
dwFlagsAndAttributes,
NULL
);
}else{
#if OS_WINCE
return SQLITE_NOMEM;
#else
h = CreateFileA((char*)zConverted,
dwDesiredAccess,
dwShareMode,
NULL,
dwCreationDisposition,
dwFlagsAndAttributes,
NULL
);
#endif
}
if( h==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ){
free(zConverted);
if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE ){
return winOpen(0, zName, id,
((flags|SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY)&~SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE), pOutFlags);
}else{
return SQLITE_CANTOPEN;
}
}
if( pOutFlags ){
if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE ){
*pOutFlags = SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE;
}else{
*pOutFlags = SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY;
}
}
memset(pFile, 0, sizeof(*pFile));
pFile->pMethod = &winIoMethod;
pFile->h = h;
#if OS_WINCE
if( (flags & (SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB)) ==
(SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB)
&& !winceCreateLock(zName, pFile)
){
CloseHandle(h);
free(zConverted);
return SQLITE_CANTOPEN;
}
if( isTemp ){
pFile->zDeleteOnClose = zConverted;
}else
#endif
{
free(zConverted);
}
OpenCounter(+1);
return SQLITE_OK;
}
/*
** Delete the named file.
**
** Note that windows does not allow a file to be deleted if some other
** process has it open. Sometimes a virus scanner or indexing program
** will open a journal file shortly after it is created in order to do
** whatever does. While this other process is holding the
** file open, we will be unable to delete it. To work around this
** problem, we delay 100 milliseconds and try to delete again. Up
** to MX_DELETION_ATTEMPTs deletion attempts are run before giving
** up and returning an error.
*/
#define MX_DELETION_ATTEMPTS 5
static int winDelete(
sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, /* Not used on win32 */
const char *zFilename, /* Name of file to delete */
int syncDir /* Not used on win32 */
){
int cnt = 0;
int rc;
void *zConverted = convertUtf8Filename(zFilename);
if( zConverted==0 ){
return SQLITE_NOMEM;
}
SimulateIOError(return SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE);
if( isNT() ){
do{
DeleteFileW(zConverted);
}while( (rc = GetFileAttributesW(zConverted))!=0xffffffff
&& cnt++ < MX_DELETION_ATTEMPTS && (Sleep(100), 1) );
}else{
#if OS_WINCE
return SQLITE_NOMEM;
#else
do{
DeleteFileA(zConverted);
}while( (rc = GetFileAttributesA(zConverted))!=0xffffffff
&& cnt++ < MX_DELETION_ATTEMPTS && (Sleep(100), 1) );
#endif
}
free(zConverted);
OSTRACE2("DELETE \"%s\"\n", zFilename);
return rc==0xffffffff ? SQLITE_OK : SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE;
}
/*
** Check the existance and status of a file.
*/
static int winAccess(
sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, /* Not used on win32 */
const char *zFilename, /* Name of file to check */
int flags /* Type of test to make on this file */
){
DWORD attr;
int rc;
void *zConverted = convertUtf8Filename(zFilename);
if( zConverted==0 ){
return SQLITE_NOMEM;
}
if( isNT() ){
attr = GetFileAttributesW((WCHAR*)zConverted);
}else{
#if OS_WINCE
return SQLITE_NOMEM;
#else
attr = GetFileAttributesA((char*)zConverted);
#endif
}
free(zConverted);
switch( flags ){
case SQLITE_ACCESS_READ:
case SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS:
rc = attr!=0xffffffff;
break;
case SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE:
rc = (attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)==0;
break;
default:
assert(!"Invalid flags argument");
}
return rc;
}
/*
** Create a temporary file name in zBuf. zBuf must be big enough to
** hold at pVfs->mxPathname characters.
*/
static int winGetTempname(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nBuf, char *zBuf){
static char zChars[] =
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
"0123456789";
int i, j;
char zTempPath[MAX_PATH+1];
if( sqlite3_temp_directory ){
sqlite3_snprintf(MAX_PATH-30, zTempPath, "%s", sqlite3_temp_directory);
}else if( isNT() ){
char *zMulti;
WCHAR zWidePath[MAX_PATH];
GetTempPathW(MAX_PATH-30, zWidePath);
zMulti = unicodeToUtf8(zWidePath);
if( zMulti ){
sqlite3_snprintf(MAX_PATH-30, zTempPath, "%s", zMulti);
free(zMulti);
}else{
return SQLITE_NOMEM;
}
}else{
char *zUtf8;
char zMbcsPath[MAX_PATH];
GetTempPathA(MAX_PATH-30, zMbcsPath);
zUtf8 = mbcsToUtf8(zMbcsPath);
if( zUtf8 ){
sqlite3_snprintf(MAX_PATH-30, zTempPath, "%s", zUtf8);
free(zUtf8);
}else{
return SQLITE_NOMEM;
}
}
for(i=strlen(zTempPath); i>0 && zTempPath[i-1]=='\\'; i--){}
zTempPath[i] = 0;
sqlite3_snprintf(nBuf-30, zBuf,
"%s\\"SQLITE_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX, zTempPath);
j = strlen(zBuf);
sqlite3Randomness(20, &zBuf[j]);
for(i=0; i<20; i++, j++){
zBuf[j] = (char)zChars[ ((unsigned char)zBuf[j])%(sizeof(zChars)-1) ];
}
zBuf[j] = 0;
OSTRACE2("TEMP FILENAME: %s\n", zBuf);
return SQLITE_OK;
}
/*
** Turn a relative pathname into a full pathname. Write the full
** pathname into zOut[]. zOut[] will be at least pVfs->mxPathname
** bytes in size.
*/
static int winFullPathname(
sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, /* Pointer to vfs object */
const char *zRelative, /* Possibly relative input path */
int nFull, /* Size of output buffer in bytes */
char *zFull /* Output buffer */
){
#if defined(__CYGWIN__)
cygwin_conv_to_full_win32_path(zRelative, zFull);
return SQLITE_OK;
#endif
#if OS_WINCE
/* WinCE has no concept of a relative pathname, or so I am told. */
sqlite3_snprintf(pVfs->mxPathname, zFull, "%s", zRelative);
return SQLITE_OK;
#endif
#if !OS_WINCE && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
int nByte;
void *zConverted;
char *zOut;
zConverted = convertUtf8Filename(zRelative);
if( isNT() ){
WCHAR *zTemp;
nByte = GetFullPathNameW((WCHAR*)zConverted, 0, 0, 0) + 3;
zTemp = malloc( nByte*sizeof(zTemp[0]) );
if( zTemp==0 ){
free(zConverted);
return SQLITE_NOMEM;
}
GetFullPathNameW((WCHAR*)zConverted, nByte, zTemp, 0);
free(zConverted);
zOut = unicodeToUtf8(zTemp);
free(zTemp);
}else{
char *zTemp;
nByte = GetFullPathNameA((char*)zConverted, 0, 0, 0) + 3;
zTemp = malloc( nByte*sizeof(zTemp[0]) );
if( zTemp==0 ){
free(zConverted);
return SQLITE_NOMEM;
}
GetFullPathNameA((char*)zConverted, nByte, zTemp, 0);
free(zConverted);
zOut = mbcsToUtf8(zTemp);
free(zTemp);
}
if( zOut ){
sqlite3_snprintf(pVfs->mxPathname, zFull, "%s", zOut);
free(zOut);
return SQLITE_OK;
}else{
return SQLITE_NOMEM;
}
#endif
}
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
/*
** Interfaces for opening a shared library, finding entry points
** within the shared library, and closing the shared library.
*/
/*
** Interfaces for opening a shared library, finding entry points
** within the shared library, and closing the shared library.
*/
static void *winDlOpen(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zFilename){
HANDLE h;
void *zConverted = convertUtf8Filename(zFilename);
if( zConverted==0 ){
return 0;
}
if( isNT() ){
h = LoadLibraryW((WCHAR*)zConverted);
}else{
#if OS_WINCE
return 0;
#else
h = LoadLibraryA((char*)zConverted);
#endif
}
free(zConverted);
return (void*)h;
}
static void winDlError(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nBuf, char *zBufOut){
#if OS_WINCE
int error = GetLastError();
if( error>0x7FFFFFF ){
sqlite3_snprintf(nBuf, zBufOut, "OsError 0x%x", error);
}else{
sqlite3_snprintf(nBuf, zBufOut, "OsError %d", error);
}
#else
FormatMessageA(
FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM,
NULL,
GetLastError(),
0,
zBufOut,
nBuf-1,
0
);
#endif
}
void *winDlSym(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, void *pHandle, const char *zSymbol){
#if OS_WINCE
/* The GetProcAddressA() routine is only available on wince. */
return GetProcAddressA((HANDLE)pHandle, zSymbol);
#else
/* All other windows platforms expect GetProcAddress() to take
** an Ansi string regardless of the _UNICODE setting */
return GetProcAddress((HANDLE)pHandle, zSymbol);
#endif
}
void winDlClose(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, void *pHandle){
FreeLibrary((HANDLE)pHandle);
}
#else /* if SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION is defined: */
#define winDlOpen 0
#define winDlError 0
#define winDlSym 0
#define winDlClose 0
#endif
/*
** Write up to nBuf bytes of randomness into zBuf.
*/
static int winRandomness(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nBuf, char *zBuf){
int n = 0;
if( sizeof(SYSTEMTIME)<=nBuf-n ){
SYSTEMTIME x;
GetSystemTime(&x);
memcpy(&zBuf[n], &x, sizeof(x));
n += sizeof(x);
}
if( sizeof(DWORD)<=nBuf-n ){
DWORD pid = GetCurrentProcessId();
memcpy(&zBuf[n], &pid, sizeof(pid));
n += sizeof(pid);
}
if( sizeof(DWORD)<=nBuf-n ){
DWORD cnt = GetTickCount();
memcpy(&zBuf[n], &cnt, sizeof(cnt));
n += sizeof(cnt);
}
if( sizeof(LARGE_INTEGER)<=nBuf-n ){
LARGE_INTEGER i;
QueryPerformanceCounter(&i);
memcpy(&zBuf[n], &i, sizeof(i));
n += sizeof(i);
}
return n;
}
/*
** Sleep for a little while. Return the amount of time slept.
*/
static int winSleep(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int microsec){
Sleep((microsec+999)/1000);
return ((microsec+999)/1000)*1000;
}
/*
** The following variable, if set to a non-zero value, becomes the result
** returned from sqlite3OsCurrentTime(). This is used for testing.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
int sqlite3_current_time = 0;
#endif
/*
** Find the current time (in Universal Coordinated Time). Write the
** current time and date as a Julian Day number into *prNow and
** return 0. Return 1 if the time and date cannot be found.
*/
int winCurrentTime(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, double *prNow){
FILETIME ft;
/* FILETIME structure is a 64-bit value representing the number of
100-nanosecond intervals since January 1, 1601 (= JD 2305813.5).
*/
double now;
#if OS_WINCE
SYSTEMTIME time;
GetSystemTime(&time);
SystemTimeToFileTime(&time,&ft);
#else
GetSystemTimeAsFileTime( &ft );
#endif
now = ((double)ft.dwHighDateTime) * 4294967296.0;
*prNow = (now + ft.dwLowDateTime)/864000000000.0 + 2305813.5;
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
if( sqlite3_current_time ){
*prNow = sqlite3_current_time/86400.0 + 2440587.5;
}
#endif
return 0;
}
/*
** Return a pointer to the sqlite3DefaultVfs structure. We use
** a function rather than give the structure global scope because
** some compilers (MSVC) do not allow forward declarations of
** initialized structures.
*/
sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3OsDefaultVfs(void){
static sqlite3_vfs winVfs = {
1, /* iVersion */
sizeof(winFile), /* szOsFile */
MAX_PATH, /* mxPathname */
0, /* pNext */
"win32", /* zName */
0, /* pAppData */
winOpen, /* xOpen */
winDelete, /* xDelete */
winAccess, /* xAccess */
winGetTempname, /* xGetTempName */
winFullPathname, /* xFullPathname */
winDlOpen, /* xDlOpen */
winDlError, /* xDlError */
winDlSym, /* xDlSym */
winDlClose, /* xDlClose */
winRandomness, /* xRandomness */
winSleep, /* xSleep */
winCurrentTime /* xCurrentTime */
};
return &winVfs;
}
#endif /* OS_WIN */
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