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Building an Extensible Application with MEF, WPF, and MVVM

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15 Nov 2009LGPL316 min read 303.4K   7.4K   185  
An article for anyone interested in how to build an extensible application using WPF and the Model-View-ViewModel pattern.
// 
// System.Web.HttpUtility
//
// Authors:
//   Patrik Torstensson (Patrik.Torstensson@labs2.com)
//   Wictor Wilén (decode/encode functions) (wictor@ibizkit.se)
//   Tim Coleman (tim@timcoleman.com)
//   Gonzalo Paniagua Javier (gonzalo@ximian.com)
//
// Copyright (C) 2005 Novell, Inc (http://www.novell.com)
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
// a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
// permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
// the following conditions:
// 
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
// 
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
// LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
// OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
// WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
//

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Permissions;
using System.Text;

#if NETCF

namespace System.Web
{
    internal sealed class HttpUtility
    {

        #region Fields

        static Hashtable entities;
        static object lock_ = new object();

        #endregion // Fields

        static Hashtable Entities
        {
            get
            {
                lock (lock_)
                {
                    if (entities == null)
                        InitEntities();

                    return entities;
                }
            }
        }

        #region Constructors

        static void InitEntities()
        {
            // Build the hash table of HTML entity references.  This list comes
            // from the HTML 4.01 W3C recommendation.
            entities = new Hashtable();
            entities.Add("nbsp", '\u00A0');
            entities.Add("iexcl", '\u00A1');
            entities.Add("cent", '\u00A2');
            entities.Add("pound", '\u00A3');
            entities.Add("curren", '\u00A4');
            entities.Add("yen", '\u00A5');
            entities.Add("brvbar", '\u00A6');
            entities.Add("sect", '\u00A7');
            entities.Add("uml", '\u00A8');
            entities.Add("copy", '\u00A9');
            entities.Add("ordf", '\u00AA');
            entities.Add("laquo", '\u00AB');
            entities.Add("not", '\u00AC');
            entities.Add("shy", '\u00AD');
            entities.Add("reg", '\u00AE');
            entities.Add("macr", '\u00AF');
            entities.Add("deg", '\u00B0');
            entities.Add("plusmn", '\u00B1');
            entities.Add("sup2", '\u00B2');
            entities.Add("sup3", '\u00B3');
            entities.Add("acute", '\u00B4');
            entities.Add("micro", '\u00B5');
            entities.Add("para", '\u00B6');
            entities.Add("middot", '\u00B7');
            entities.Add("cedil", '\u00B8');
            entities.Add("sup1", '\u00B9');
            entities.Add("ordm", '\u00BA');
            entities.Add("raquo", '\u00BB');
            entities.Add("frac14", '\u00BC');
            entities.Add("frac12", '\u00BD');
            entities.Add("frac34", '\u00BE');
            entities.Add("iquest", '\u00BF');
            entities.Add("Agrave", '\u00C0');
            entities.Add("Aacute", '\u00C1');
            entities.Add("Acirc", '\u00C2');
            entities.Add("Atilde", '\u00C3');
            entities.Add("Auml", '\u00C4');
            entities.Add("Aring", '\u00C5');
            entities.Add("AElig", '\u00C6');
            entities.Add("Ccedil", '\u00C7');
            entities.Add("Egrave", '\u00C8');
            entities.Add("Eacute", '\u00C9');
            entities.Add("Ecirc", '\u00CA');
            entities.Add("Euml", '\u00CB');
            entities.Add("Igrave", '\u00CC');
            entities.Add("Iacute", '\u00CD');
            entities.Add("Icirc", '\u00CE');
            entities.Add("Iuml", '\u00CF');
            entities.Add("ETH", '\u00D0');
            entities.Add("Ntilde", '\u00D1');
            entities.Add("Ograve", '\u00D2');
            entities.Add("Oacute", '\u00D3');
            entities.Add("Ocirc", '\u00D4');
            entities.Add("Otilde", '\u00D5');
            entities.Add("Ouml", '\u00D6');
            entities.Add("times", '\u00D7');
            entities.Add("Oslash", '\u00D8');
            entities.Add("Ugrave", '\u00D9');
            entities.Add("Uacute", '\u00DA');
            entities.Add("Ucirc", '\u00DB');
            entities.Add("Uuml", '\u00DC');
            entities.Add("Yacute", '\u00DD');
            entities.Add("THORN", '\u00DE');
            entities.Add("szlig", '\u00DF');
            entities.Add("agrave", '\u00E0');
            entities.Add("aacute", '\u00E1');
            entities.Add("acirc", '\u00E2');
            entities.Add("atilde", '\u00E3');
            entities.Add("auml", '\u00E4');
            entities.Add("aring", '\u00E5');
            entities.Add("aelig", '\u00E6');
            entities.Add("ccedil", '\u00E7');
            entities.Add("egrave", '\u00E8');
            entities.Add("eacute", '\u00E9');
            entities.Add("ecirc", '\u00EA');
            entities.Add("euml", '\u00EB');
            entities.Add("igrave", '\u00EC');
            entities.Add("iacute", '\u00ED');
            entities.Add("icirc", '\u00EE');
            entities.Add("iuml", '\u00EF');
            entities.Add("eth", '\u00F0');
            entities.Add("ntilde", '\u00F1');
            entities.Add("ograve", '\u00F2');
            entities.Add("oacute", '\u00F3');
            entities.Add("ocirc", '\u00F4');
            entities.Add("otilde", '\u00F5');
            entities.Add("ouml", '\u00F6');
            entities.Add("divide", '\u00F7');
            entities.Add("oslash", '\u00F8');
            entities.Add("ugrave", '\u00F9');
            entities.Add("uacute", '\u00FA');
            entities.Add("ucirc", '\u00FB');
            entities.Add("uuml", '\u00FC');
            entities.Add("yacute", '\u00FD');
            entities.Add("thorn", '\u00FE');
            entities.Add("yuml", '\u00FF');
            entities.Add("fnof", '\u0192');
            entities.Add("Alpha", '\u0391');
            entities.Add("Beta", '\u0392');
            entities.Add("Gamma", '\u0393');
            entities.Add("Delta", '\u0394');
            entities.Add("Epsilon", '\u0395');
            entities.Add("Zeta", '\u0396');
            entities.Add("Eta", '\u0397');
            entities.Add("Theta", '\u0398');
            entities.Add("Iota", '\u0399');
            entities.Add("Kappa", '\u039A');
            entities.Add("Lambda", '\u039B');
            entities.Add("Mu", '\u039C');
            entities.Add("Nu", '\u039D');
            entities.Add("Xi", '\u039E');
            entities.Add("Omicron", '\u039F');
            entities.Add("Pi", '\u03A0');
            entities.Add("Rho", '\u03A1');
            entities.Add("Sigma", '\u03A3');
            entities.Add("Tau", '\u03A4');
            entities.Add("Upsilon", '\u03A5');
            entities.Add("Phi", '\u03A6');
            entities.Add("Chi", '\u03A7');
            entities.Add("Psi", '\u03A8');
            entities.Add("Omega", '\u03A9');
            entities.Add("alpha", '\u03B1');
            entities.Add("beta", '\u03B2');
            entities.Add("gamma", '\u03B3');
            entities.Add("delta", '\u03B4');
            entities.Add("epsilon", '\u03B5');
            entities.Add("zeta", '\u03B6');
            entities.Add("eta", '\u03B7');
            entities.Add("theta", '\u03B8');
            entities.Add("iota", '\u03B9');
            entities.Add("kappa", '\u03BA');
            entities.Add("lambda", '\u03BB');
            entities.Add("mu", '\u03BC');
            entities.Add("nu", '\u03BD');
            entities.Add("xi", '\u03BE');
            entities.Add("omicron", '\u03BF');
            entities.Add("pi", '\u03C0');
            entities.Add("rho", '\u03C1');
            entities.Add("sigmaf", '\u03C2');
            entities.Add("sigma", '\u03C3');
            entities.Add("tau", '\u03C4');
            entities.Add("upsilon", '\u03C5');
            entities.Add("phi", '\u03C6');
            entities.Add("chi", '\u03C7');
            entities.Add("psi", '\u03C8');
            entities.Add("omega", '\u03C9');
            entities.Add("thetasym", '\u03D1');
            entities.Add("upsih", '\u03D2');
            entities.Add("piv", '\u03D6');
            entities.Add("bull", '\u2022');
            entities.Add("hellip", '\u2026');
            entities.Add("prime", '\u2032');
            entities.Add("Prime", '\u2033');
            entities.Add("oline", '\u203E');
            entities.Add("frasl", '\u2044');
            entities.Add("weierp", '\u2118');
            entities.Add("image", '\u2111');
            entities.Add("real", '\u211C');
            entities.Add("trade", '\u2122');
            entities.Add("alefsym", '\u2135');
            entities.Add("larr", '\u2190');
            entities.Add("uarr", '\u2191');
            entities.Add("rarr", '\u2192');
            entities.Add("darr", '\u2193');
            entities.Add("harr", '\u2194');
            entities.Add("crarr", '\u21B5');
            entities.Add("lArr", '\u21D0');
            entities.Add("uArr", '\u21D1');
            entities.Add("rArr", '\u21D2');
            entities.Add("dArr", '\u21D3');
            entities.Add("hArr", '\u21D4');
            entities.Add("forall", '\u2200');
            entities.Add("part", '\u2202');
            entities.Add("exist", '\u2203');
            entities.Add("empty", '\u2205');
            entities.Add("nabla", '\u2207');
            entities.Add("isin", '\u2208');
            entities.Add("notin", '\u2209');
            entities.Add("ni", '\u220B');
            entities.Add("prod", '\u220F');
            entities.Add("sum", '\u2211');
            entities.Add("minus", '\u2212');
            entities.Add("lowast", '\u2217');
            entities.Add("radic", '\u221A');
            entities.Add("prop", '\u221D');
            entities.Add("infin", '\u221E');
            entities.Add("ang", '\u2220');
            entities.Add("and", '\u2227');
            entities.Add("or", '\u2228');
            entities.Add("cap", '\u2229');
            entities.Add("cup", '\u222A');
            entities.Add("int", '\u222B');
            entities.Add("there4", '\u2234');
            entities.Add("sim", '\u223C');
            entities.Add("cong", '\u2245');
            entities.Add("asymp", '\u2248');
            entities.Add("ne", '\u2260');
            entities.Add("equiv", '\u2261');
            entities.Add("le", '\u2264');
            entities.Add("ge", '\u2265');
            entities.Add("sub", '\u2282');
            entities.Add("sup", '\u2283');
            entities.Add("nsub", '\u2284');
            entities.Add("sube", '\u2286');
            entities.Add("supe", '\u2287');
            entities.Add("oplus", '\u2295');
            entities.Add("otimes", '\u2297');
            entities.Add("perp", '\u22A5');
            entities.Add("sdot", '\u22C5');
            entities.Add("lceil", '\u2308');
            entities.Add("rceil", '\u2309');
            entities.Add("lfloor", '\u230A');
            entities.Add("rfloor", '\u230B');
            entities.Add("lang", '\u2329');
            entities.Add("rang", '\u232A');
            entities.Add("loz", '\u25CA');
            entities.Add("spades", '\u2660');
            entities.Add("clubs", '\u2663');
            entities.Add("hearts", '\u2665');
            entities.Add("diams", '\u2666');
            entities.Add("quot", '\u0022');
            entities.Add("amp", '\u0026');
            entities.Add("lt", '\u003C');
            entities.Add("gt", '\u003E');
            entities.Add("OElig", '\u0152');
            entities.Add("oelig", '\u0153');
            entities.Add("Scaron", '\u0160');
            entities.Add("scaron", '\u0161');
            entities.Add("Yuml", '\u0178');
            entities.Add("circ", '\u02C6');
            entities.Add("tilde", '\u02DC');
            entities.Add("ensp", '\u2002');
            entities.Add("emsp", '\u2003');
            entities.Add("thinsp", '\u2009');
            entities.Add("zwnj", '\u200C');
            entities.Add("zwj", '\u200D');
            entities.Add("lrm", '\u200E');
            entities.Add("rlm", '\u200F');
            entities.Add("ndash", '\u2013');
            entities.Add("mdash", '\u2014');
            entities.Add("lsquo", '\u2018');
            entities.Add("rsquo", '\u2019');
            entities.Add("sbquo", '\u201A');
            entities.Add("ldquo", '\u201C');
            entities.Add("rdquo", '\u201D');
            entities.Add("bdquo", '\u201E');
            entities.Add("dagger", '\u2020');
            entities.Add("Dagger", '\u2021');
            entities.Add("permil", '\u2030');
            entities.Add("lsaquo", '\u2039');
            entities.Add("rsaquo", '\u203A');
            entities.Add("euro", '\u20AC');
        }

        public HttpUtility()
        {
        }

        #endregion // Constructors

        #region Methods

        private static int GetInt(byte b)
        {
            char c = (char)b;
            if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
                return c - '0';

            if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
                return c - 'a' + 10;

            if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
                return c - 'A' + 10;

            return -1;
        }

        public static string UrlEncode(string str)
        {
            return UrlEncode(str, Encoding.UTF8);
        }

        public static string UrlEncode(string s, Encoding Enc)
        {
            if (s == null)
                return null;

            if (s == "")
                return "";

            byte[] bytes = Enc.GetBytes(s);
            return Encoding.ASCII.GetString(UrlEncodeToBytes(bytes, 0, bytes.Length), 0, bytes.Length);
        }

        public static string UrlEncode(byte[] bytes)
        {
            if (bytes == null)
                return null;

            if (bytes.Length == 0)
                return "";

            return Encoding.ASCII.GetString(UrlEncodeToBytes(bytes, 0, bytes.Length), 0, bytes.Length);
        }

        public static string UrlEncode(byte[] bytes, int offset, int count)
        {
            if (bytes == null)
                return null;

            if (bytes.Length == 0)
                return "";

            return Encoding.ASCII.GetString(UrlEncodeToBytes(bytes, offset, count), offset, count);
        }

        public static byte[] UrlEncodeToBytes(string str)
        {
            return UrlEncodeToBytes(str, Encoding.UTF8);
        }

        public static byte[] UrlEncodeToBytes(string str, Encoding e)
        {
            if (str == null)
                return null;

            if (str == "")
                return new byte[0];

            byte[] bytes = e.GetBytes(str);
            return UrlEncodeToBytes(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
        }

        public static byte[] UrlEncodeToBytes(byte[] bytes)
        {
            if (bytes == null)
                return null;

            if (bytes.Length == 0)
                return new byte[0];

            return UrlEncodeToBytes(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
        }

        static char[] hexChars = "0123456789abcdef".ToCharArray();
        const string notEncoded = "!'()*-._";

        static void UrlEncodeChar(char c, Stream result, bool isUnicode)
        {
            if (c > 255)
            {
                //FIXME: what happens when there is an internal error?
                //if (!isUnicode)
                //	throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("c", c, "c must be less than 256");
                int idx;
                int i = (int)c;

                result.WriteByte((byte)'%');
                result.WriteByte((byte)'u');
                idx = i >> 12;
                result.WriteByte((byte)hexChars[idx]);
                idx = (i >> 8) & 0x0F;
                result.WriteByte((byte)hexChars[idx]);
                idx = (i >> 4) & 0x0F;
                result.WriteByte((byte)hexChars[idx]);
                idx = i & 0x0F;
                result.WriteByte((byte)hexChars[idx]);
                return;
            }

            if (c > ' ' && notEncoded.IndexOf(c) != -1)
            {
                result.WriteByte((byte)c);
                return;
            }
            if (c == ' ')
            {
                result.WriteByte((byte)'+');
                return;
            }
            if ((c < '0') ||
                (c < 'A' && c > '9') ||
                (c > 'Z' && c < 'a') ||
                (c > 'z'))
            {
                if (isUnicode && c > 127)
                {
                    result.WriteByte((byte)'%');
                    result.WriteByte((byte)'u');
                    result.WriteByte((byte)'0');
                    result.WriteByte((byte)'0');
                }
                else
                    result.WriteByte((byte)'%');

                int idx = ((int)c) >> 4;
                result.WriteByte((byte)hexChars[idx]);
                idx = ((int)c) & 0x0F;
                result.WriteByte((byte)hexChars[idx]);
            }
            else
                result.WriteByte((byte)c);
        }

        public static byte[] UrlEncodeToBytes(byte[] bytes, int offset, int count)
        {
            if (bytes == null)
                return null;

            int len = bytes.Length;
            if (len == 0)
                return new byte[0];

            if (offset < 0 || offset >= len)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("offset");

            if (count < 0 || count > len - offset)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("count");

            MemoryStream result = new MemoryStream(count);
            int end = offset + count;
            for (int i = offset; i < end; i++)
                UrlEncodeChar((char)bytes[i], result, false);

            return result.ToArray();
        }

        public static string UrlEncodeUnicode(string str)
        {
            if (str == null)
                return null;


            byte [] bytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes (str);
            bytes = UrlEncodeToBytes (bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
            return Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bytes, 0, bytes.Length); 
        }

        public static byte[] UrlEncodeUnicodeToBytes(string str)
        {
            if (str == null)
                return null;

            if (str == "")
                return new byte[0];

            MemoryStream result = new MemoryStream(str.Length);
            foreach (char c in str)
            { 
                UrlEncodeChar(c, result, true);
            }
            return result.ToArray();
        }

        #endregion // Methods
    }
}

#endif

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License

This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPLv3)


Written By
Engineer
Canada Canada
By day I'm a Professional Engineer, doing .NET, VB6, SQL Server, and Automation (Ladder Logic, etc.) programming.

On weekends I write and maintain an open source extensible application framework called SoapBox Core.

In the evenings I provide front line technical support for moms4mom.com and I help out with administrative tasks (like formatting stuff). I also pitch in as a moderator from time to time.

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