The simplest behavior of the Web server (not necessarily using ASP.NET) is this: each URL points to a different file on server side; and the file is used to show it as a separate Web page, directly or through some server-side processing. It can be quite awkward in many applications. The user needs to have descriptive URLs, the ability to use browser navigation and descriptive predictable URL chains which may contradict to one-to-one correspondence between files and page contents.
You can define more flexible mapping using ASP.NET Routing.
Start here:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc668201.aspx[
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In this article, you will find some simple and self-explaining examples.
—SA