The listbox is being rendered as select tag in html, so set height property of the option tags using css and javascript, e.g.:
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<asp:ListBox id="listbox1" rows="3" runat="server">
<asp:ListItem selected="true">Item 1</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>Item 2</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>Item 3</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>Item 4</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>Item 5</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>Item 6</asp:ListItem>
</asp:ListBox>
</form>
<script>
var options = document.getElementById("<%= listbox1.ClientID %>").options;
for (i = 0; i < options.length; i++)
{
document.getElementById("listbox1").options[i].style.height = "25px";
}
</script>
You may want to experiment with different css properties like padding, margin etc.