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I finally read and completed the book, The Code Book: The Secrets Behind Codebreaking[^].
It was published back in 2002 and I read the first chapter but then stopped.
The thing is, because this book has so much history of cryptography/cryptology it is amazingly current.
I've read quite a few books now and this one really covers the entire history of codes and cracking codes.
It's actually even better than I thought it was going to be.
Have you read it? It's absolutely fantastic.
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A couple of threads earlier I asked the question: Should one defrag a SSD or not. I got different answers so I tried an experiment:
I am very familiar with Macrium Reflect to create images of my C: drive, which is a NVMe M.2 SSD. Reflect works extremely fast and will create an image as fast as the C: can feed it data.
So I created a system image and noted the speed at which Reflect was writing it to the target. It reached a maximum speed of 6.7 GB/s. Then I ran "defrag C:" from a command prompt and got a report that the C: drive was 20% fragmented before it was successfully defragged.
Then I ran Reflect again and this time it reached a maximum speed of 7.8 GB/s!
It seems to me the speed at which SSD can read large volumes of data is affected by fragmentation.
Note: I ran the trim command on the same drive yesterday and it seems this did not remedy the fragmentation.
Thanks to all those who expressed an opinion on SSD fragmentation, but I will be running it from time to time. If that shortens the life of the SSD, well, they are cheap and easy to replace! 
Note: Windows reported as follows after defragging the C: drive:
Pre-Optimization Report:
Volume Information:
Volume size = 930.65 GB
Free space = 868.64 GB
Total fragmented space = 20%
Largest free space size = 863.72 GB
Note: File fragments larger than 64MB are not included in the fragmentation statistics.
The operation completed successfully.
Post Defragmentation Report:
Volume Information:
Volume size = 930.65 GB
Free space = 868.64 GB
Total fragmented space = 0%
Largest free space size = 863.75 GB
Note: File fragments larger than 64MB are not included in the fragmentation statistics.
Ok, I have had my coffee, so you can all come out now!
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The only reason we used to use the defrag tool was to watch the animation of the blocks being moved around.
CI/CD = Continuous Impediment/Continuous Despair
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Did you run the tests more than once before and after the defrag?
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A valid question! In response to your question I just now ran the "after" test again and got the same result. The "before" test I ran many times over the weeks and never got the speed that I am getting now.
Also: I did a clean install on the machine 3 days ago, and this may explain the 20% fragmentation.
Ok, I have had my coffee, so you can all come out now!
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Hello all,
INTRODUCTION
Given the new accounting laws in our country, every company will need an accounting software that sticks to those laws.
Even freelancers (as me) will have to adopt a software like that.
I don't trust the cloud + I don't want to pay a fee every month to be able to use my accounting data.
Now I own a NAS which is more than enough for my needs but is not capable to run the accounting programs I will be able to use in my country.
Most of the accounting programs I could use require SSD and Windows to run.
Getting a server would mean:
* Getting a server, some SSD and HDD disks.
* Getting an UPS.
* Getting a small rack.
* Getting a Windows server license.
* Using our current NAS as backup for that server and keep doing our NAS extra backups with external USB HDDs.
QUESTION
What server / option would you recommend for this kind of job?
Would it be better to get a tower server? or a rack server?
As soon as we have children the server, NAS, UPS... will have to be placed inside a rack anyway.
It would be nice to be able to have a mix of SSD and normal HDD, SSD for the OS and the accounting program and HDD to store everything else.
+/- 8TB of data space available would be nice.
+/- 32GB RAM available would be nice.
Would it be better to install the accountant program inside a virtual machine? just to make it easier to move it from one server to another one in the future (if needed).
Do you agree that it's better to get a server than a normal workstation for all this?
And as a bonus... what would you use that server for apart of all mentioned before? Any additional hint/idea?
Thank you all!
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Are there hardware requirements for the software ?
Are you the sole user of the data ? or your clients need access to the data ?
Whatever your do, make sure your backup work; plan regular tests of your backups.
I would use the server for a single purpose
CI/CD = Continuous Impediment/Continuous Despair
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As Maximilien says, one server per role. I would put all financial activities (accounting, billing, etc.) on the same server
Any decent financial package should allow copying the data from one machine to another - via backup and restore to the new machine, if nothing else. I would make sure that the seller has a documented method for transferring the software licence. Make sure of this before purchase!
Where financial data is concerned, backups are extremely important. Nothing is more important to the Government than money.
The specifications for the server depend very much on the requirements of the accounting etc. software. I would endure that the server is powerful enough to run all software simultaneously. You don't want to have to juggle between packages, especially if more than one person (e.g. you, your bookkeeper, and your accountant) are all using different programs simultaneously.
Mention of the accountant brings to mind another thing. If he/she is an external contractor, he/she will need access to your financial records over the Internet. Do you have appropriate security for the server?
Lastly, tax packages are typically validated for a given tax year, and are sold as subscriptions. Don't forget to budget for the subscription!
Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four. If that is granted, all else follows.
-- 6079 Smith W.
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This message has been flagged as potential spam and is awaiting moderation
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"Tablets were replaced by scrolls . Scrolls were replaced by Books . Now we scroll through through books on tablets ."
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Oh crap. - That's right.
Stupid us all. 
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Background: I've had this old HP LaserJet for years and try to give it a little occasional exercise to stop it seizing up. So yesterday, had a bit of B/W printing to do so though I'd take her for a spin ...
Printer has vanished from the list. OK, probably to do with the Win 11 upgrade. So I use the Windows Add Printer dialogue and it installs. Yay, this is easy.
I try printing to it. Quick as a flash, nothing happens. Document is in the print queue with the helpful message "There was an error." But it does let me cancel it and try again, with similar results.
Okay, I'll uninstall it and try again. After what seemed like successful removal, it's still there.
So, I run the troubleshooter which, surprise surprise, says that maybe making it the default printer will work. It doesn't. But we have now moved on - it can no longer use this as the excuse. This time it gives me a link to a HP page to download the correct driver. The link is to a page that doesn't exits.
Okay, now the gloves are off. HP Print & Scan Doctor which of course won't run until I update it. But then - KAPOW! It tells me that the standard Windows drivers might be inadequate and I should install the full set of drivers "Downloadable here." This link works, the file downloads but crashes out every time I try to run it.
I find another link to download all the drivers singly. I try it and this time it tells me not to use these but to use the Windows version that I started with.
At this point, I accept defeat and use the other printer. But now is where it gets interesting ...
I return home at about midnight and wake up the PC. Before I do anything else, there's a flashing of lights and a whirring sound and a single page pops out of the LaserJet. This was a document sent to the printer in May 2021!
It now becomes clear to me that the name "LaserJet" is in fact derived from "Lazarus" and I appear to have gained the ability to raise the dead.
Printer now seems to work perfectly.
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Quote: Printer now seems to work perfectly.
Except the current document printout will be available in 2025.
"In testa che avete, Signor di Ceprano?"
-- Rigoletto
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"LaserJet, come forth". 
At least you have yours working. That's good.
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Rich Leyshon wrote: I appear to have gained the ability to raise the dead.
I would recommend that you stay away from cemeteries. 
Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four. If that is granted, all else follows.
-- 6079 Smith W.
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Rich Leyshon wrote: I've had this old HP LaserJet for years and try to give it a little occasional exercise to stop it seizing up.
I've been wondering about that.
When my previous employer shut down (as part of an acquisition), nobody wanted the big LaserJet printer it had owned for many years - I don't know how long exactly. I think the company was roughly 6 years old at the time, so assuming it was bought brand new when the company was founded, it was 6 years old when I brought it home.
That was in 2006. Which means it's now 23 years old.
I clearly remember using it with XP--in fact I still have the driver installer for XP in my software archive. I'm still using it today with Windows 10, and a lot of Linux distros pick it up automatically. These days if I power it up twice every 3 months, it had a busy quarter - I really hardly ever print. But, I'll still say it has served me well, with no indication after all this time it's about to run into mechanical failures (fingers crossed).
It's a LaserJet 4350, with - I think - all accessories you could get for it at the time. There's two 500-sheet trays, a duplexer, I believe is what it's called (which lets you print on both sides of a sheet), and even a stapler (assuming you're not trying to staple more than 5-6 pages together). It's big and heavy, so I think that's why nobody wanted it.
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from as article titled "These 10 scientists are on the cusp of changing the world" link below the quote below made me laugh out loud .
MSN[^]
Quote: ... a multidisciplinary team of biologists, computer scientists, mathematicians, and more in analyzing more than 49,000 eggs from about 1,400 bird species. ... The team translated the shapes of the eggs into mathematical models and incorporated data such as habitat, diet, and how many eggs each species laid at a time. They found that one of the best predictors of egg shape was flight ability. “Birds that are strong fliers—birds that tend to fly a lot or migrate long distances—tend to lay eggs that are more elliptical, or more pointy,” says Stoddard. The team published its findings in the journal Science in 2017.
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Wow, important stuff?
As the aircraft designer said, "Simplicate and add lightness".
PartsBin an Electronics Part Organizer - Release Version 1.3.0 JaxCoder.com
Latest Article: SimpleWizardUpdate
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maybe they will figure out how to add lightness to aircraft utilizing bird egg shell technology . seems logical . birds fly also .
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BernardIE5317 wrote: birds fly also .
So do insults. Perhaps we should start swearing at the plane, instead of the airline.
Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four. If that is granted, all else follows.
-- 6079 Smith W.
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BernardIE5317 wrote: add lightness to aircraft utilizing bird egg shell technology . seems logical . birds fly also
Eggs, not so much.
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I find this video, but it is in Hindi.
How can I understand it?
Can someone explain or put his conclusion here?
diligent hands rule....
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Although somewhat broken, if you play the video with auto translated subtitles, you may get the gist of it.
Other wise I can put a summary for you when I find the time to watch the whole video.
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please write a summary when you get time. I think it is worthy your time![Rose | [Rose]](https://codeproject.global.ssl.fastly.net/script/Forums/Images/rose.gif)
diligent hands rule....
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