|
My knowledge is a bit rusty, but routing and switching occur at different protocol levels. Routing is on the network layer (like IP) and switching on the link layer (e.g.: Ethernet)
I guess you are talking about a router with multiple LAN ports. I don't think there are any more unmanaged switches around, where packets are unconditionally sent out on all ports; the switch knows what devices are on which port, and will only transmit on the appropriate one (it will have to use address resolution if it doesn't know the MAC address, but this only happens once, or when the device is moved to another port)
If the destination IP address is not on the local network, the router will naturally forward it to the WAN side.
And it is not a stupid question 
|
|
|
|
|
I guess you are right. A Router must be a Switch with ARP lookup logic to determine which port to switch to.
|
|
|
|
|
Hi All,
I am setting up tablet for our customer.
It has 3 network interfaces: WiFi, LET/4G/Phone network and a slow but (allegedly) reliable IP radio network.
I want to make sure the Radio network is ONLY used by my application (and NO OTher App use it for "internet" acceess)
I try to call (as admin) the ROUTE (DOS) command with ROUTE DELETE AND ROUTE ADD.
route DELETE 0.0.0.0 192.168.128.1
route ADD 10.104.8.22 192.168.128.1 metric 9999
route ADD 164.112.43.3 192.168.128.1 metric 9999
However, this radio is a USB (external) radio, and everytime it got disconnected / reconnected my radio setting is gone!
How could I make sure the settings sticks?!
|
|
|
|
|
no worries, our customer's sys admin told me!!! -p settings!
as in
route DELETE 0.0.0.0 192.168.128.1 -p
route ADD 10.104.8.22 192.168.128.1 metric 9999 -p
route ADD 164.112.43.3 192.168.128.1 metric 9999 -p
|
|
|
|
|
beat me to it by 43 mins 
|
|
|
|
|
Good try!
|
|
|
|
|
In fact I still have a problem...
The ROUTE ADD is persistent!
But ROUTE DELETE is not, every time I reconnect my Internet USB IP Radio (Motorola APX Series) The Gateways is added back ! 
Any idea?
|
|
|
|
|
well, you only need the '-p' option on the ROUTE ADD lines
as for the delete one 'coming back' .... hmmm - what happens if you do
ROUTE -f
which flushes the routing cache
|
|
|
|
|
It doesn't fixes it... 
I suspect what happen is something done by the Motorola USB Radio driver....
Any idea what kind of system (Win32!) call I should do to watch and update the route table?!
|
|
|
|
|
NotifyRouteChange[^]
And
NotifyRouteChange2[^]
Are what you are looking for.
A quick Google found them (Search String: win32 routing table update event)
What do you get when you cross a joke with a rhetorical question?
The metaphorical solid rear-end expulsions have impacted the metaphorical motorized bladed rotating air movement mechanism.
Do questions with multiple question marks annoy you???
|
|
|
|
|
Woa, thanks man, this is very promising! 
|
|
|
|
|
Our project seems to be heading in the need of having a small computer to mediate between the UI control/data presentation Windows PC (workstation) and an OEM vendor's device.
The system must support at least 1 USB 2.0 interface (to the device) and some other interface (>= 100BaseT ?) to the workstation. The vendor provides an x86 DLL to encapsulate communication with their device so this will need to run 32-bit Windows Embedded Compact (for the real-time capability as well).
Smaller physical size is better, as is lower cost. 
Does anyone have any experiences and/or recommendations (and/or who/what to avoid!) they're willing to share about such systems?
Thanks
Matt
"Fairy tales do not tell children the dragons exist. Children already know that dragons exist. Fairy tales tell children the dragons can be killed."
- G.K. Chesterton
|
|
|
|
|
Why cant the vendors device connect straight to the PC?
|
|
|
|
|
We've done some experiments and the PC just will not have the real-time responsiveness to keep up with the required data rate (i.e., keeping the USB data stream "drained" so its buffer is available for the next data acquisition). The intermediate Windows CE will be to keep up with the USB in real-time and serve as a bigger buffer than the device has on its own.
"Fairy tales do not tell children the dragons exist. Children already know that dragons exist. Fairy tales tell children the dragons can be killed."
- G.K. Chesterton
|
|
|
|
|
Right, so the device is USB, what's the problem sucking data out of it? What sort of driver is it using on windows?
What was the experiment setup?
I have windows drivers for USB devices that will take data off the device faster than the device bus speed. So we are talking mbps for HS devices. (Actually, USB is rather slow really).
|
|
|
|
|
The device vendor provides both a driver and an API dll (both 32 bit) to talk to the device.
The device uses USB bulk endpoints.
The data is guaranteed to be available to the host, however, if the host gets behind, then the device will skip performing the next data acquisition 
The amount of data is actually pretty small, it is the latency that is the bigger issue.
Each device acquisition is a little less than 40kB, at 15Hz rate: ~610kB/sec data rate.
However, the effective acquisition rate is twice that since the device will not start an acquisition until all of the previous acquisition data has been read. The device takes approximately 30ms to readout an acquisition. And 30ms is about the shortest acceptable data acquisition "exposure time".
The experiment I ran was using c# software I wrote to retrieve data from the device using an API function which spins up a separate thread to pull the data into a managed buffer. The application has a separate thread which pulls the data from the buffer and "drops it on the floor". (This is a best case: minimal application computation, though not realistic. Actual application includes significant computation.)
The device has a status line indicating if it is ready for an external trigger to begin an acquisition. We have an STmicro eval board running simple SW to provide triggering at a specified interval and a counter of occurrences of status not ready when a trigger was scheduled.
I specified an exposure time of 1ms since the exposure time is not concurrent with the data transfer.
On an i5 Quad core Windows 7 PC, triggering at 40ms is required to ensure no "not ready" conditions were detected. If I added writing the acquired data to a local file, then there were many "not ready" detections. The actual application has significant additional computation required.
"Fairy tales do not tell children the dragons exist. Children already know that dragons exist. Fairy tales tell children the dragons can be killed."
- G.K. Chesterton
|
|
|
|
|
SO on WIndows you cant get enough reads down to their dll/driver to get data off the device quick enough, but on winCE you can?
I would approach them and ask why this is. SOunds like their API-dll/driver isn't working properly. If they sell windows SW to go with the device, it HAS to be able to work properly.
|
|
|
|
|
The recommendation to use Windows CE came from the device vendor.
The "real time capabilities" of Windows CE, and the ability to strip it of anything else that could interfere with servicing the USB device are the basis of their recommendation.
The Windows CE system would mediate all communications with the device (only data collection operates in a time sensitive mode).
Communication with the host necessarily would be at a lower priority than servicing the USB.
"Fairy tales do not tell children the dragons exist. Children already know that dragons exist. Fairy tales tell children the dragons can be killed."
- G.K. Chesterton
|
|
|
|
|
What? They must be incapable of writing a usable windows driver then and their suggestion is a kludge.
I repeat, kernel code is perfectly capable of pulling data off a USB device. It can handle data way way quicker than a USB device can produce it. All they need to do id provide a half decent driver and you wont have to buy extra hardware.
|
|
|
|
|
Can someone point me to a useful understandable tutorial on how to read the specs on notebook computers ?
I do not understand why desktop computers have specs written in a way that is clear and obvious, while notebook computers do not.
|
|
|
|
|
C-P-User-3 wrote: how to read the specs on notebook computers
What exactly do you mean by "how"? Look at the detail in their published documentation.
|
|
|
|
|
Okay, these guys have this computer advertised: Lenovo ThinkPad Edge E550 20DF
These first six specs are clearly understood...
- 8 GB RAM
- 500 GB HDD
- DVD-Writer
- 15.6" 1920 x 1080 ( Full HD )
- 802.11ac
- graphite black
No Clue on these next two. Going to google. I think the Radeon is (or was once) a graphics card. I don't have any idea of how to put the first one into my brain, as a quantity, and then get that qualitative concept which flows out of the quantifiable item.
- Core i7 5500U / 2.4 GHz <---The "core" of my confusion
- AMD Radeon R7 M260
I think I know what these next two mean; and it makes me go "HUH ???"
- Windows 7 Pro 64-bit / Windows 8.1 Pro 64-bit downgrade
- pre-installed: Windows 7
I think this last one is a part number
This is the kind of stuff where I don't really understand what stores are telling me when they advertise a notebook computer. I'm sitting here asking myself what I'm getting for what I'm paying, and no clue on how to compare that against another machine with equally convoluted specs.
|
|
|
|
|
Radeon is a graphics card from ATI (and a rather good one at that), and the CPU is an Intel i7 5500U (the number 5500U is a model number), running at 2.4 Gigahertz.
Did the specs really say a downgrade? If they did, they were right.
What do you get when you cross a joke with a rhetorical question?
The metaphorical solid rear-end expulsions have impacted the metaphorical motorized bladed rotating air movement mechanism.
Do questions with multiple question marks annoy you???
|
|
|
|
|
Did the specs really say a downgrade?
Yes[^]
|
|
|
|
|
They mean if you choose to use Windows 7 on it instead of 8.1 (or the newer 10). Depending on your needs, you may opt for one version or another. For example, in my regular business needs, I need a lot of software that I KNOW works on Win7, so if I need a business laptop, I'll choose that. On the other hand, if it's a personal computer, I'll probably choose the latest and greatest.
|
|
|
|
General 
News 
Suggestion 
Question 
Bug 
Answer 
Joke 
Praise 
Rant 
Admin 
Submit an article or tip
