Simple MEF Application for Beginners

• Download demo project - 19.6 KB
• Download source - 42.6 KB

Introduction

I am not going to cover the details of MEF or describe the functionality of MEF. You can find good material over the net for MEF, so I am not going to post redundant information. MEF is an extensibility framework provided by Microsoft. Many other extensibility frameworks exist but MEF is easy to initiate. Today I am going develop a sample application which demonstrates how to import/export components. Kindly note that this is just a small effort so that beginners can start working with MEF.

Using the code

In this article we are going to cover the following topics:

1. Develop Component behavior: This will be an interface whose functionality is exported by components and consumed by our host application.
2. Host application: Application that seeks for a component to be composed.
3. ExportLib1, ExportLib2: These are components – actual implementation of our component behavior.
4. Main application: This uses all these.

So let's start with the first part of our application.

1. Create Contract library which contains the IComponent interface as shown below. Through this interface our component will communicate.
C#

namespace Contracts
{
    public interface IComponent
    {
        string Description { get; }
        string ManipulateOperation(params double[] args);
    }
}

2. Create library ImportingLib; this contains a class that actually hosts and calls the components. Here we have to add the System.ComponentModel.Composition assembly. Code for the Importer class is shown below.
C#

using System;
using System.ComponentModel.Composition;
using System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using Contracts;

namespace ImportingLib
{
    public class Importer
    {
        [ImportMany(typeof(IComponent))]
        private IEnumerable<Lazy<IComponent>> operations;

        public void DoImport()
        {
            //An aggregate catalog that combines multiple catalogs
            var catalog = new AggregateCatalog();

            //Add all the parts found in all assemblies in
            //the same directory as the executing program
            catalog.Catalogs.Add(
                new DirectoryCatalog(
                    Path.GetDirectoryName(
                    Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location
                    )
                )
            );

            //Create the CompositionContainer with the parts in the catalog.
            CompositionContainer container = new CompositionContainer(catalog);

            //Fill the imports of this object
            container.ComposeParts(this);
        }

        public int AvailableNumberOfOperation
        {
            get { return operations != null ? operations.Count() : 0; }
        }

        public List<string> CallAllComponents(params double[] args)
        {
            var result = new List<string>();

            foreach (Lazy<IComponent> com in operations)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(com..Description);
                result.Add(com.Value.ManipulateOperation(args));
            }

            return result;
        }
    }
}

This host imports components implementing IComponent and lists them in private variable operations. The DoImport method initializes the list. Path.GetDirectoryName(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location) gives a path in which our executing assembly resides. MEF will automatically start searching all assemblies in the directory where the calling program resides. This is done by creating a DirectoryCatalog on that folder and then adding it to the main AggregateCatalog. The property AvailableNumberOfOperation returns the number of found operations and the CallAllComponents method calls all the exporting components and returns the result.

3. As our host is ready for import functionality, a major task is to develop a component that exports the desired functionality. For demonstration, I developed two class libraries which contain classes that implement the IComponent interface. Their code section is shown as below.
C#

using System;
using System.ComponentModel.Composition;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Contracts;

namespace ExportSumLib
{
    [Export(typeof(IComponent))]
    public class SumOfNumberComponent : IComponent
    {
        public string Description
        {
            get { return "Summation of components"; }
        }

        public string ManipulateOperation(params double[] args)
        {
            string result = "";
            double count = 0;
            bool first = true;

            foreach (double d in args)
            {
                if (first)
                {
                    count = d;
                    first = false;
                }
                else
                    count += d;
                result += d.ToString() + " + ";
            }

            return result.Trim('+', ' ') + " = " + count.ToString();
        }
    }
}

Here you can see the code of the SumOfNumberComponent class. This class is built in the ExportingLib1.dll file. You’ve added a reference for Contracts.dll and System.ComponentModel.Composition.

The same way we develop another library called ExportingLib2.dll which contains the SubstractOfNumberComponent class. The code for that class is shown below.

C#

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ComponentModel.Composition;
using Contracts;

namespace ExportSubstractLib
{
    [Export(typeof(IComponent))]
    public class SubstractOfNumberComponent : IComponent
    {
        public string Description
        {
            get { return "Subtraction of components"; }
        }

        public string ManipulateOperation(params double[] args)
        {
            string result = "";
            double count = 0;
            bool first = true;

            foreach (double d in args)
            {
                if (first)
                {
                    count = d;
                    first = false;
                }
                else
                    count -= d;
                result += d.ToString() + " - ";
            }

            return result.Trim('-', ' ') + " = " + count.ToString();
        }
    }
}

Now let’s move to the final step of this exercise.

Create an application that uses all these stuff.

4. Develop a console application called MEFApplication. Add a reference to ImportingLib.dll. Now write down the code section shown below.
C#

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace MEFApplication
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var t = new ImportingLib.Importer();
            t.DoImport();
            Console.WriteLine("{0} component(s) are imported successfully.", t.AvailableNumberOfOperation);
            var result = t.CallAllComponents(125, 5, 10, 27, 45, 19, 10);
            foreach (string s in result)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(s);
            }
            Console.Read();
        }
    }
}

Before executing the application do this: go to the Project Properties->Build option and set the building path of each application to the bin\Debug folder of the MEFApplication project. Now build the whole project and see the magic.

You can when you execute the MEFApplication project it will show a two component(s) imported successfully message and rest messages. If you remove any of the libraries from ExportingLib1.dll or ExportingLib2.dll, the message will change to 1 component(s) are imported successfully.