Some things to think about:
1. The months will count from 1 to 12 for each year, but you do not know how many months will be in the file. So creating a loop that counts from 1 to 12 may not work. A better idea is a loop that continues until the input file returns an end of file status.
2. Use meaningful names for all variables so your code is readable. And also you can easily understand the purpose of it. In your case "variable" and "values" do not make it clear what they are used for. I used "lowTemp" and "hiTemp" for clarity.
3. Read the temperature values once only for each iteration of the main loop.
4. Your print statements need to print a number of characters based on two known values. So make use of those values to control your loops. For example to print the spaces:
for (int space = 32; space < lowTemp; space++)
{
cout ' ';
}
For the asterisks:
for (int star = lowTemp; star < hiTemp; star++)
{
cout '*';
}