Outer Joins can primarily be considered to be of two types - left and right outer joins.
A left outer join is used when you want all rows in the first table and joined rows from the second table.
A right outer join is used when you want all rows in the second table and joined rows from the first table.
Lets say you have two tables
Table A
Id Name
1 A
2 B
3 C
Table B
Id Name Rank
1 B 1
2 D 2
3 E 3
If you use left outer on these tables by using a query like
select A.Name, B.Rank from table1 A left join table B on A.Name = B.Name
your output would be -
Name Rank
A
B 2
C
Only the rank for B was returned, however rows for the first table were still returned.