Hi,
Try This
here i am assuming that Device_Person_id and personal_id columns are having same values.
UPDATE dbo.Emp_setting
SET Emp_status = CASE WHEN (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dbo.tempDeviceLogs WHERE CONVERT(VARCHAR,tempDeviceLogs.logDateTime,101) = CONVERT(VARCHAR,GETDATE(),101)
AND Device_Person_id = personal_id) > 0 THEN 'P' ELSE 'A' END
Hope this will help you.