Click here to Skip to main content
15,860,859 members
Articles / Programming Languages / Visual Basic
Article

Convert any URL to a MHTML archive using native .NET code

Rate me:
Please Sign up or sign in to vote.
4.85/5 (59 votes)
3 Apr 20055 min read 626.4K   5.7K   164   141
A native .NET class for saving URLs: text-only, HTML page, HTML archive, or HTML complete.

Sample Image - MhtBuilder.gif

Introduction

If you've ever used the File | Save As... menu in Internet Explorer, you might have noticed a few interesting options IE provides under the Save As Type drop-down box:

Screenshot - Internet Explorer Save As menu

The options provided are:

  • Web Page, complete
  • Web Archive, single file
  • Web Page, HTML only
  • Text File

Most of these are self-explanatory, with the exception of the Web Archive (MHTML) format. What's neat about this format is that it bundles the web page and all of its references, into a single compact .MHT file. It's a lot easier to distribute a single self-contained file than it is to distribute a HTML file with a subfolder full of image/CSS/Flash/XML files referenced by that HTML file. In our case, we were generating HTML reports and we needed to check these reports into a document management system which expects a single file. The MHTML (*.mht) format solves this problem beautifully!

This project contains the MhtBuilder class, a 100% .NET managed code solution which can auto-generate a MHT file from a target URL, in one line of code. As a bonus, it will also generate all the other formats listed above, too. And it's completely free, unlike some commercial solutions you might find out there.

Background

I know people assume the worst of Microsoft, but the MHTML format is actually based on RFC standard 2557, compliant Multipart MIME Message (MHTML web archive). So it's an actual Internet standard! Web Archive, a.k.a. MHTML, is a remarkably simple plain text format which looks a lot like (and is in fact almost exactly identical to) an email. Here's the header of the MHT file you are viewing at the top of the page:

Screenshot - Mht file header

To generate a MHTML file, we simply merge together all of the files referenced in the HTML. The red line marks the first content block; there will be one content block for each file. We need to follow a few rules, though:

  • Use Quoted-Printable encoding for the text formats.
  • Use Base64 encoding for the binary formats.
  • Make sure the Content-Location has the correct absolute URL for each reference.

Not all websites will tolerate being packaged into a MHTML file. This version of Mht.Builder supports frames and IFrame, but watch out for pages that include lots of complicated JavaScript. You'll want to use the .StripScripts option on sites like that.

Using Mht.Builder

MhtBuilder comes with a complete demo app:

Screenshot - Mht demo application

Try it out on your favorite website. The files will be generated by default in the \bin folder of the solution. Just click the View button to launch them. Bear in mind that for the Web Archive and complete tabs, all the content from the target web page must be downloaded to the /bin folder, so it might take a little while! Although I don't provide any feedback events yet, I do emit a lot of progress feedback via the Debug.Write, so switch to the debug output tab to see what's happening in real time.

There are four tabs here, just like the four options IE provides in its Save As Type options. In MhtBuilder, these are the four methods being called, in the order they appear on the tabs:

VB
Public Sub SavePageComplete(ByVal outputFilePath As String, Optional url As String)
Public Sub SavePageArchive(ByVal outputFilePath As String, Optional url As String)
Public Sub SavePage(ByVal outputFilePath As String, Optional url As String)
Public Sub SavePageText(ByVal outputFilePath As String, Optional url As String)

As of Windows XP Service Pack 2, HTML files opened from disk result in security blocks. In order to avoid this, we need to add the "Mark of the Web" to the file so IE knows what URL it came from, and can thus assign an appropriate security zone to the HTML. That's what the blnAddMark parameter is for; it causes the HTML file to be tagged with this single line at the top:

HTML
<!-- saved from url=(0027)http://www.codeproject.com/ -->

The other thing we need to do when saving these files is fix up the URLs. Any relative URLs such as:

HTML
<img src="/images/standard/logo225x72.gif">

must be converted to absolute URLs like so:

HTML
<img src="http://www.codeproject.com/images/standard/logo225x72.gif">

We do this using regular expressions, which gets us a NameValueCollection of all the references we need to fix. We loop through each reference and perform the fixup on the HTML string.

VB
Private Function ExternalHtmlFiles() As Specialized.NameValueCollection
  If Not _ExternalFileCollection Is Nothing Then
    Return _ExternalFileCollection
  End If
  
  _ExternalFileCollection = New Specialized.NameValueCollection
  Dim r As Regex
  Dim html As String = Me.ToString
  
  Debug.WriteLine("Resolving all external HTML references from URL:")
  Debug.WriteLine("    " & Me.Url)
  
  '-- src='filename.ext' ; background="filename.ext"
  '-- note that we have to test 3 times to catch all quote styles: '', "", and none
  r = New Regex( _
    "(\ssrc|\sbackground)\s*=\s*((?<Key>'(?<Value>[^']+)')|" & _
    "(?<Key>""(?<Value>[^""]+)"")|(?<Key>(?<Value>[^ \n\r\f]+)))", _
    RegexOptions.IgnoreCase Or RegexOptions.Multiline)
    AddMatchesToCollection(html, r, _ExternalFileCollection)
  
  '-- @import "style.css" or @import url(style.css)
  r = New Regex( _
    "(@import\s|\S+-image:|background:)\s*?(url)*\s*?(?<Key>" & _
    "[""'(]{1,2}(?<Value>[^""')]+)[""')]{1,2})", _
    RegexOptions.IgnoreCase Or RegexOptions.Multiline)
    AddMatchesToCollection(html, r, _ExternalFileCollection)
  
  '-- <link rel=stylesheet href="style.css">
  r = New Regex( _
    "<link[^>]+?href\s*=\s*(?<Key>" & _
    "('|"")*(?<Value>[^'"">]+)('|"")*)", _
    RegexOptions.IgnoreCase Or RegexOptions.Multiline)
    AddMatchesToCollection(html, r, _ExternalFileCollection)
  
  '-- <iframe src="mypage.htm"> or <frame src="mypage.aspx">
  r = New Regex( _
    "<i*frame[^>]+?src\s*=\s*(?<Key>" & _
    "['""]{0,1}(?<Value>[^'""\\>]+)['""]{0,1})", _
    RegexOptions.IgnoreCase Or RegexOptions.Multiline)
    AddMatchesToCollection(html, r, _ExternalFileCollection)
  
  Return _ExternalFileCollection
End Function

We use a similar technique to get a list of all the files we need to download, which are then downloaded via my WebClientEx class. Why use that instead of the built in Net.WebClient? Good question! Because it doesn't support HTTP compression. My class, on the other hand, does:

VB
Private Function Decompress(ByVal b() As Byte, _
      ByVal CompressionType As HttpContentEncoding) As Byte()

  Dim s As Stream
  Select Case CompressionType
    Case HttpContentEncoding.Deflate
      s = New Zip.Compression.Streams.InflaterInputStream(New MemoryStream(b), _
          New Zip.Compression.Inflater(True))
    Case HttpContentEncoding.Gzip
      s = New GZip.GZipInputStream(New MemoryStream(b))
    Case Else
      Return b
  End Select
  
  Dim ms As New MemoryStream
  Const chunkSize As Integer = 2048
  
  Dim sizeRead As Integer
  Dim unzipBytes(chunkSize) As Byte
  While True
    sizeRead = s.Read(unzipBytes, 0, chunkSize)
    If sizeRead > 0 Then
      ms.Write(unzipBytes, 0, sizeRead)
    Else
      Exit While
    End If
  End While
  s.Close()
  
  Return ms.ToArray
End Function

HTTP compression is a no-brainer: it increases your effective bandwidth by 75 percent by using standard GZIP compression-- courtesy of the SharpZipLib library.

Conclusion

Creating MHTML files isn't hard, but there are lots of little gotchas when dealing with HTML, regular expressions, and HTTP downloads. I tried to document all the difficult bits in the source code. I've also tested MhtBuilder on dozens of different websites so far with excellent results.

There are many more details and comments in the source code provided at the top of the article, so check it out. Please don't hesitate to provide feedback, good or bad! I hope you enjoyed this article. If you did, you may also like my other articles as well.

History

  • Sunday, September 12, 2004 - Published.
  • Monday, March 28, 2005 - Version 2.0
    • Completely rewritten!
    • Autodetection of content encoding (e.g., international web pages), tested against multi-language websites.
    • Now correctly decompresses both types of HTTP compression.
    • Supports completely in-memory operation for server-side use, or on-disk storage for client use.
    • Now works on web pages with frames and IFrames, using recursive retrieval.
    • HTTP authentication and HTTP Proxy support.
    • Allows configuration of browser ID string to retrieve browser-specific content.
    • Basic cookie support (needs enhancement and testing).
    • Much improved regular expressions used for parsing HTTP.
    • Extensive use of VB.NET 2005 style XML comments throughout.

License

This article has no explicit license attached to it but may contain usage terms in the article text or the download files themselves. If in doubt please contact the author via the discussion board below.

A list of licenses authors might use can be found here


Written By
Web Developer
United States United States
My name is Jeff Atwood. I live in Berkeley, CA with my wife, two cats, and far more computers than I care to mention. My first computer was the Texas Instruments TI-99/4a. I've been a Microsoft Windows developer since 1992; primarily in VB. I am particularly interested in best practices and human factors in software development, as represented in my recommended developer reading list. I also have a coding and human factors related blog at www.codinghorror.com.

Comments and Discussions

 
QuestionDifficulties on Chrome Pin
Member 1561156022-Apr-22 12:03
Member 1561156022-Apr-22 12:03 
QuestionMany Thank! Pin
bichuoi7-Mar-19 16:37
bichuoi7-Mar-19 16:37 
QuestionIt doesn't work at all Pin
AnamaryHdez2-May-17 6:21
AnamaryHdez2-May-17 6:21 
QuestionMaking it work with IE9 Pin
NichUK23-Jan-13 7:37
NichUK23-Jan-13 7:37 
AnswerRe: Making it work with IE9 Pin
samsonfr24-Dec-14 3:51
samsonfr24-Dec-14 3:51 
QuestionCan we mention this in the credits under CPOL license? Pin
albert.dc6-Feb-12 22:31
albert.dc6-Feb-12 22:31 
Question[FIX] Certain background URLs are wrong Pin
albert.dc30-Sep-11 9:07
albert.dc30-Sep-11 9:07 
QuestionUsage Restrictions? Pin
marchesb17-Aug-11 5:45
marchesb17-Aug-11 5:45 
GeneralMy vote of 5 Pin
Bob@work27-Jul-11 6:31
Bob@work27-Jul-11 6:31 
QuestionAlt to MHT builder-- no dotNET required Pin
Member 807420011-Jul-11 0:21
Member 807420011-Jul-11 0:21 
AnswerRe: THIS IS A SPAM, PLEASE REMOVE IT Pin
Aram Azhari5-Nov-11 20:08
Aram Azhari5-Nov-11 20:08 
Generalembedding flash file in mht Pin
aj862210-Jun-11 2:12
aj862210-Jun-11 2:12 
Does this project embeds the swf file in mht too?
GeneralMy vote of 5 Pin
johnson_han28-Jul-10 19:38
johnson_han28-Jul-10 19:38 
GeneralProposed way to support file:///... based requests Pin
marchesb12-May-10 8:38
marchesb12-May-10 8:38 
QuestionHow to render this website ? Pin
Battosaiii25-Jan-10 5:41
Battosaiii25-Jan-10 5:41 
Questionrendering error using mht builder Pin
william saylor30-Dec-09 9:17
william saylor30-Dec-09 9:17 
QuestionFile download in https Pin
Gargi K3-Apr-09 1:02
Gargi K3-Apr-09 1:02 
QuestionRe: File download in https Pin
Greg Hauptmann6-Oct-09 9:58
Greg Hauptmann6-Oct-09 9:58 
QuestionRe: File download in https Pin
m.daveiga3-May-10 3:49
m.daveiga3-May-10 3:49 
GeneralGood article Pin
Donsw15-Mar-09 16:34
Donsw15-Mar-09 16:34 
GeneralIE Pin
BenAA2-Sep-08 6:20
BenAA2-Sep-08 6:20 
QuestionMS Word Open the mht error Pin
yanglz999-Jun-08 16:39
yanglz999-Jun-08 16:39 
AnswerRe: MS Word Open the mht error [modified] Pin
JBress31-May-10 17:37
JBress31-May-10 17:37 
GeneralGoing the other way Pin
urbane.tiger23-May-08 15:37
urbane.tiger23-May-08 15:37 
QuestionAnyone providing this code as an extension for Firefox 2? Pin
alternety3-Jan-08 8:43
alternety3-Jan-08 8:43 

General General    News News    Suggestion Suggestion    Question Question    Bug Bug    Answer Answer    Joke Joke    Praise Praise    Rant Rant    Admin Admin   

Use Ctrl+Left/Right to switch messages, Ctrl+Up/Down to switch threads, Ctrl+Shift+Left/Right to switch pages.