You need to understand that the result of C# active processing on the server side IS HTML rendered on the client side. What get's sent to the browser is html encoded already, and all page-based technologies basically do the same thing: build an html file on the fly and send it to the browser, rather than just returning a flat html file from the file system.
So all that said: yes, you can easily link from a flat HTML page to an .aspx page or an MVC route, simply by using a basic anchor.
Such as:
<a href="http://www.mydotnetwebsite.com/index.aspx">Clicky</a>
On that note, Visual Studio is a design tool, not a web technology. No special sauce needed. Many of your questions can be answered at:
www.asp.net/get-started
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