HTML, CSS and JavaScript are not designed to work for cryptographic services, that is why you need some back-end framework such as C# or other server-side languages. You can either look for a cryptographic service in your back-end language (ASP.NET, PHP or Node.js) or you can wait until JavaScript starts supporting these features, W3 Consortium is providing these APIs to JavaScript.
You might have to wait for some time, until you get a standard-based framework or API in JavaScript for web applications to perform. You can until then read the
Web Cryptography API in Web Development[
^] by W3.Org.