Ever heard of the concept "
Networking[
^]"?
It is a very broad topic to cover, but the short answer would be, that each and every client sends a request to your web server with its location (IP address) and the headers that make up the request, such as which resource to get what data to pass on to the server etc. The server accepts the request, and works on it. The IP address and a few more headers are usefull to check which client it is. Mostly servers use MAC addresses and bla bla. The location of your server (domain name; http://www.example.com) is registered on a DNS server, which would translate it back to an IP, that would define the location of the server to which the client needs to connect to. The data would be passed to that server using the data packets that are sent by the client.
The data is sent back to the client using the location (IP Address) he sent while making a request. Since their IP addresses are different the server would send the data related to the computer only.