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Read quite a bit of it this morning when I was at the doctor with my daughter.
Looks really good! Easy to read and understand while not being shallow.
Impressed so far, hope it keeps that way when finish it. 
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It's posted and complete now except the latest bits are still awaiting approval but as long as you get them using the GitHub link you'll be okay.
When I was growin' up, I was the smartest kid I knew. Maybe that was just because I didn't know that many kids. All I know is now I feel the opposite.
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There is a forum here for article writing issues: [^]
«One day it will have to be officially admitted that what we have christened reality is an even greater illusion than the world of dreams.» Salvador Dali
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Code Project Forums Members,
Again:
Programming languages will end up being increasingly high-level until they become identical to natural language. You will eventually be able to write all your programs in English, Portuguese, or any other natural language, although you will also be able to mix that with instructions of the kind used in today's programming languages whenever you think that's more efficient or clearer.
An intelligent compiler will ask for clarification whenever there's an ambiguity and may suggest improved wordings to resolve the issue. Writing a program will end up being a conversation with an intelligent machine which anyone could handle even if they know nothing about programming - it will be a collaboration with an intelligent system which is in itself an expert programmer. The error messages will be comments and questions just like the ones you'd get if you were co-writing a program with a human programmer. ("When you say "print the result of that part", do you mean this part [a section of the code is highlighted], and do you want it printed to the screen or the printer?")
None of that will stop you putting in a line of C or any other programming language if you want to, but most of the work will simply be done in natural language, typically at a much higher level with the compiler working out how to carry out the tasks asked of it. The end user will also become a programmer, telling the machine how (s)he would prefer things to be done, and the machine will comply. That will rarely be done through anything other than natural language.
AGI = artificial general intelligence
A general intelligence is a more powerful kind of intelligence than a specialised intelligence which can only handle limited tasks. A general intelligence can learn to handle any task. Humans are the only things we currently know of which have general intelligence, and because that's natural intelligence, humans are NGI (natural general intelligence).
NLP = natural language programming
NLP can also be used to mean natural language processing though. This kind of NLP is part of what is needed to support the other kind of NLP because you can't have natural language programming if you can't process natural language.
The AGI system will give you what you most likely want and will then adjust any aspects of it which you aren't happy with. It will not drag you through a menu of all possible options item by item, but will wait instead until you ask for the button to behave in a particular way. The aim is to use artificial general intelligence.
User: Make a button for that.
[Button appears.]
User: A bit bigger, and make it green.
[Button grows bigger and turns green.]
User: Put it here.
[Button moves to the correct location.]
...
(Some time later):-
User: When the cursor's on this button, turn it blue.
[Button turns blue. (AGI system knows that that's more likely what's wanted than turning the cursor blue.)]
User: Make its corners rounded.
[Button changes shape (and retains new shape even when cursor is moved away).]
Etc.
Plain English Programming may be able to become full NLP (natural language programming) if enough people interact with it and extend the range of phrases it can handle, so while it may only handle a subset of English today, that is not an inherent restriction on it. It can keep improving as people write code to support more words. For that reason, it is arguably not a step towards NLP (natural language programming) because it arguably already is NLP (natural language programming). We will only find out when enough code is written to handle all words an all possible uses of them. I think it will run into difficulties with ambiguities, but little additions to the program could fix that. AGI (artificial general intelligence) will study PEP (Plain English Programming) in the future to see what it could have done if the world had got behind it in 2006.
Approach #1: Brute Force Crowd Source. It is the method used in Amazon's ALEXA, Apple's SIRI, Wolfram's ALPHA, Microsoft's CORTANA, Google's HOME, etc. In all these cases, a programmer imagines a question or command that a user will give the machine, and then he writes specific code to answer that specific question ("Alexa, what is the temperature outside?") or carry out that particular command ("Alexa, turn on the living room lights"). Get enough imaginative programmers to write enough routines, et voila! Apparently Intelligent machines that actually exist and work and learn and grow, today.
Approach #2: Dynamically-Generated-User-Tweaked code. This is essentially what I describe here...
If the programmer is happy with the generated code, (s)he can approve of it and it needn't be saved because it will generate correctly each time before compiling - a label would be attached to the high-level NLP (Natural Language Programming) program to tell the compiler that it compiles correctly. If the generated code isn't right though (or isn't complete), that label will not be attached to the NLP (Natural Language Programming) code and the support code will need to be saved as part of the program instead. Some of that support code could still be auto-generated initially, creating the loop and setting up the count, for example, while leaving the programmer to fill in the content of the loop manually.
Approach #2 is an optional intermediate step towards approach #3. Approach #3 is the one where you build AGI (artificial general intelligence) first so that it can solve all the programming problems itself. The idea is that instead of the human writing the difficult bits of code to complete a program, the human teaches the AGI (artificial general intelligence) how to write the difficult bits of code so that it won't need help with the same kind of problem the next time. It's all about giving the AGI (artificial general intelligence) system more and more problem-solving skills until it can do as good a job as the best human programmers.
Code Project Forums Members,
Do you agree with the affirmations about the future of the programming that I quoted above?
If not, why you don't agree with the affirmations about the future of the programming that I quoted above?
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Quantum Robin wrote: Programming languages will end up being increasingly high-level until they become identical to natural language.
That's where I stopped reading; they won't.
AI may learn your language and translate it to instructions, but natural language is too ambigious to be used as a programming language.
Quantum Robin wrote: An intelligent compiler will ask for clarification whenever there's an ambiguity and may suggest improved wordings to resolve the issue.
I heard these predictions before, and they're unrealistic for the foreseeable future. It's an academic way to get funding, but not something to expect for the next version of .NET. It's vastly underestimating the complexity of possible wordings.
Bastard Programmer from Hell 
If you can't read my code, try converting it here[^]
"If you just follow the bacon Eddy, wherever it leads you, then you won't have to think about politics." -- Some Bell.
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Eddy Vluggen wrote: but not something to expect for the next version of .NET. in our lifetime
FTFY
M.D.V. 
If something has a solution... Why do we have to worry about?. If it has no solution... For what reason do we have to worry about?
Help me to understand what I'm saying, and I'll explain it better to you
Rating helpful answers is nice, but saying thanks can be even nicer.
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Nelek wrote: but not something to expect for the next version of .NET. in our lifetime in a million years
The only process that we know to have produced something that resembles 'universal intelligence' is evolution and that process takes its time because of its aimless nature.
I have lived with several Zen masters - all of them were cats.
His last invention was an evil Lasagna. It didn't kill anyone, and it actually tasted pretty good.
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Then taking that premise as true... then it will take a some billion years... evolution is definitively not even done with its first prototype (us)... just look around you  
M.D.V.
If something has a solution... Why do we have to worry about?. If it has no solution... For what reason do we have to worry about?
Help me to understand what I'm saying, and I'll explain it better to you
Rating helpful answers is nice, but saying thanks can be even nicer.
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I have been thinking that the whole time since I landed here. I could use a vacation, even on a hot world like in the nearby 40-Eridani-System.
I have lived with several Zen masters - all of them were cats.
His last invention was an evil Lasagna. It didn't kill anyone, and it actually tasted pretty good.
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Quantum Robin wrote: Humans are the only things we you currently know of which have general intelligence
FTFY 
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I first met programming as a teenager in the mid-1970s. What fascinated me - and eventually lead me to a master degree in programming - was not program language syntax or indentation rules.
I was fascinated by systematic approach, the problem analysis, the deep understanding of the problem solution required before you sit down and code it in some programming language.
So I hate this "agile" approach: "Let's start with 'int main(int argc, char** argv){}'. There... We are on our way! Could you now try to describe your problem, and we will write it down between the braces?"
You must thoroughly understand both the problem and the solution, in "problem space", not in "coding space", to create a robust, working solution. You cannot just throw some vague, fuzzy stuff into a processsor (compiler, interpreter), and Voila! Problem solved! Anything that appears as automagic is, by definition, a poor, incomplete solution.
Of course we use high level tools that takes care of individual tasks. But when using a tool, whether you see it as a library, an algorith, an API or whatever: Always make sure that you understand how it works, and why it is doing what it is doing, on at least one level below the one you are working on. And then it really isn't that important what the programming language looks like.
---
Deep down in my large piles of old xerox copies is an old presentation of the COBOL 60 standard, proclaiming that thanks to this language, programming can now be done by anybody. No special education or training is required; you just state in plain English what you want the computer to do.
They were right, sort of ... if you know what to ask the computer to do. Over the years, I have been shocked (so many times that I am no more shocked) by how poorly most people, in all sorts of professions, understand what they are doing, and why. We drink white wine with fish, red wine with meat, just because that's what we do. We drive on the right side of the road, but why - the British do not? We think the Beatles were the most clever rock group ever, but why do we think so? You can even as a composer why he composes his music that way, he rarely knows. It is great that the IP protocol suite won over the OSI suite in the 1990s, but what makes it a better choice?
I have been in a few projects aiming at making people understand what they are doing. One primary example: We made a map of the total information flow in the city administration (about 200,000 inhabitants), and the "Wow! Now I see!"-type exclamations were numerous. After everybody had gained this understanding, the following discussions about what to automate and how to do it went far more smoothly than anyone expected. (This was about 30 years ago, so lots of procedures were still manual.)
To help you understand the problem, and the solution, you need tools quite different from programming languages. In those analysis projects around 1990, we used the Entity-Relationship model, as ER was at that time. ER "evolved", essentially with mechanisms to automatically generate code, and became tremendously complex, with mechanisms for identifying constraints and foreign keys and datatypes and whathaveyou. There was no way to use ER "properly" without fairly deep knowledge of SQL. So ER as a problem solving tool was ruined.
This is what we really need: A problem solving tool, detached from any programming (including SQL foreign keys and constraints and...). A modern replacement for what ER was around 1985-90, before it grew cancer.
That is what we need. Are we going to get it? I certainly wouldn't hold my breath...
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With regards to having an AI system you can describe your requirements to and it writes the code for you. I agree, that is a very obvious future that we will eventually see. We arguably already have the basics of it with "project templates". We "say" what we want, and the template makes the code appear.
Over time this will hopefully get better and better to eventually what you describe.
With regards to having natural language programming, well I am not sure that will happen. Not only because of the insane complexity of it, but more importantly... WHY? Why do we need a language that we type like we would talk to another person?
If we are being hopeful, the future will be that programmers get 'paired up' with an AI system that makes their job easier.
If we are being realistic, the future will be that programmers get REPLACED by AI systems... just like what is already happening in other industries.
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musefan wrote: If we are being realistic, the future will be that programmers get REPLACED by AI systems... just like what is already happening in other industries.
That will happen during a while at the first moments because some idiots in management positions will think we are not needed anymore.
Until the AI starts to make errors or better said it starts to make obvious the errors of the management or the one writing the specs, because an AI is not able of interpretation in the way we have to do just because the other is a moron and doesn't even know what the real needs are.
M.D.V.
If something has a solution... Why do we have to worry about?. If it has no solution... For what reason do we have to worry about?
Help me to understand what I'm saying, and I'll explain it better to you
Rating helpful answers is nice, but saying thanks can be even nicer.
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Even if that is true, you will only need say 1 "code fixer" programmer, instead of 4. So net loss is still there.
Also, you assume those "managers" will be the same as they are now. They won't. The new "managers" will be better equipped to use the AI. They will know what they are doing, and how exactly to use the system. If they fail, they will be the ones replaced.
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musefan wrote: The new "managers" will be better equipped to use the AI. They will know what they are doing, and how exactly to use the system. If they fail, they will be the ones replaced.
Just exactly as it is now, with the human resources  
M.D.V.
If something has a solution... Why do we have to worry about?. If it has no solution... For what reason do we have to worry about?
Help me to understand what I'm saying, and I'll explain it better to you
Rating helpful answers is nice, but saying thanks can be even nicer.
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musefan wrote: If we are being realistic, the future will be that programmers get REPLACED by AI systems... just like what is already happening in other industries.
A very distant future, if ever. Mother nature needed a billion years to get to us, and we have no better or quicker alternative. We have tried to influence evolution for our purposes since we started breeding animals. Just look at some of the results.
I have lived with several Zen masters - all of them were cats.
His last invention was an evil Lasagna. It didn't kill anyone, and it actually tasted pretty good.
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Why don't you just use the Force, wave your hand at the computer and say something like 'These are not the data rows you are looking for'?
Even if you really have such an AI, which I seriously doubt will be any time soon, you expect it to be an expert for everything. When I just look at the customer for which I'm doing work right now, where every word has 20 meanings and every meaning is tacked onto at least 20 different words. You really must understand what they are doing, how they are doing it and what he is trying to tell you before you can write a single line of code. Bonus points for anticipating occasional changes of mind.
Look how many silver bullets you want to combine into a single silver nuke:
- "Universal" intelligence. I'm not so sure that such a thing really exists.
- all knowing, perhaps even psychic, intimately familiar with everything that someone might ask and a professor for everything, including things we have not discovered yet.
Don't add 'allmighty' to the list, or you might slowly get negative attention from the Old Man Himself.
I have lived with several Zen masters - all of them were cats.
His last invention was an evil Lasagna. It didn't kill anyone, and it actually tasted pretty good.
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No, this won't happen this way.
- I would love to change the world, but they won’t give me the source code.
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I've been using Visio in my last company...
What do you use? and why?
PS: I've also used pencil and paper too... :P
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Visio has always worked for what I need. But I only do simple diagrams.
Social Media - A platform that makes it easier for the crazies to find each other.
Everyone is born right handed. Only the strongest overcome it.
Fight for left-handed rights and hand equality.
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I use open-source Graphviz[^]. This is one of the applications I could hardly get rid of.
"Five fruits and vegetables a day? What a joke!
Personally, after the third watermelon, I'm full."
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Graphviz is great for a whole lot of graphing tasks.
But I'd say it is better suited for automatically generated input files. You wouldn't want to maintain a flowchart by editing the DOT input file, which is oriented towards the graphic display elements, not the abstact structure and flow that you want to present.
Well, there may still be old Unix (pre Linux) guys around who frown at GUIs and want to write DOT files in vi to create output on their pen plotters. For most of us, we would rather drag boxes around than editing 7 bit ASCII files. (OK, UTF-8, but the editing is done in the same way for ASCII and UTF-8 files.)
I use graphwiz myself, but for maintaining flowcharts, I would use other tools. On the other hand: I haven't ben drawing a flowchart for ages.
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I like to use Graphviz as well. Though more for displaying my charts for others. I tend to create my actual flows as text, then put them into Dot files.
Yea. I know. I'm a little odd. I am so far the only person I know that does it that way. I always structured things as text long before I was ever introduced to flow charts. Going all the way back to my grade school days, my teachers hated seeing what my rough drafts of reports looked like.
Money makes the world go round ... but documentation moves the money.
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I don't use a formal tool - or even software - but I do use this: ROOTS[^]
I was introduced to it when I worked for Rob at the Atlas Computer Division of Rutherford Labs as my first industrial placement (one of three in a thick sandwich degree course at Uni) and worked on the FORTRAN program that drew them from preprocessor code.
It fits surprisingly well with modern OOPs apps I think - certainly better than traditional flowcharts which are far too procedural for my taste.
"I have no idea what I did, but I'm taking full credit for it." - ThisOldTony
AntiTwitter: @DalekDave is now a follower!
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I haven't done a flowchart since high school if memory serves. Since then, I've done a few UML diagrams (in PowerPoint) to document frameworks--but only afterwards. I just sit down, start coding, and ruthlessly iterate and refactor by letting the code speak to me, as the cliche goes. Sometimes I write high-level design notes before starting, but the details often end up being different than what I had envisaged.
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