I've got the solution : use the "convert" SQL function, which allows me to specify the right date format to use.
exec SquarBTP_2012.dbo.[DocumentFiltresOptime] N'Doc.TypeDocument in (2) and (Doc.DateCreation > CONVERT(date, ''09/04/2015'', 103))';
Always use this function to give dates to SQL, there will be any problem of format.
Thanks to M.Samad for his good ideas