Don't store it like that.
SQL is not good at string manipulations, and you need to find two numbers, extract them, validate them, convert them to an integer, and then compare them.
Instead, change your database to use two integer columns (and possibly an NVARCHAR column for the prefix) and use BETWEEN:
sno component prefix subcomponentStart subcomponentEnd Irnumber
1 1 C 1 100 001
SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE Prefix='C' AND ValueFromUser BETWEEN subcomponentStart AND subcomponentEnd