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User Friendly Exception Handling

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17 Aug 20049 min read 665.9K   6.4K   383   163
A flexible framework for user-friendly .NET exception handling, and automatically notifying developers of problems before users do

Sample Image - ExceptionHandling.gif

Introduction

In Visal Basic 6, there was no way to globally handle all of the errors in your application. You could simulate one by wrapping every sub or function in an On Error statement, but that was rather painful.

One of the great features of .NET is the very powerful thread and application level exception handling mechanisms that make developing a global error handler practical. One of the first things I set out to do when starting with .NET was finally implement all those great global error handling ideas I had considered, but had to abandon in the last 5 years of working with VB5 and VB6. I found an excellent article on Code Project documenting the basic techniques of unhandled exception handling in .NET, so armed with that, I set out to implement my "dream" error handling system.

At the time of the unhandled exception, my UnhandledExceptionHandler class will:

  • Display a user-friendly message
  • Capture a screenshot of the user's desktop
  • Build a string containing all the diagnostic information possible
  • Notify the developers via SMTP e-mail, and include the screenshot
  • Write an event to the event log
  • Write a text log in the application folder

About Unhandled Exceptions

The great thing about a good global exception handler is that it makes the rest of your code easier to read. Rather than cluttering up your code with Try..Catch blocks for every possible error condition, no matter how rare, you can simply rely on the solid, built-in global handler to deal with those oddball scenarios-- and to notify you when they happen!

So then the natural question that most developers ask is, "When should I catch exceptions"? And it's a very good question. Here are some guidelines that I have found useful.

  1. Unless you have a very good reason to catch an exception, DON'T. Exceptions are supposed to be exceptional, just like the dictionary meaning: uncommon, unusual. When in doubt, let the calling routine, or the global exception handler, deal with it. This is the golden rule. The hardest kinds of exceptions to troubleshoot are the ones that don't even exist, because a developer upstream of you decided to consume it.
  2. If you can correct the problem implied by the exception. For example, if you try to write to a file and it is read-only, try removing the read-only flag from the file. In this case you handled the exception and fixed the problem, so you should eat the exception. It doesn't exist, because you fixed it.
  3. If you can provide additional information about the exception. For example, if you fail to connect via HTTP to a remote website, you can provide details about why the connection failed: was the DNS invalid? Did it time out? Was the connection closed? Did the site return 401 unauthorized, which implies that credentials are needed? In this case you want to catch the exception, and re-throw it as an inner exception with more information. This is a very good reason to catch an exception, but note that we are still re-throwing it!
  4. Always try to catch specific exceptions. Avoid catching System.Exception whenever possible; try to catch just the specific errors that are specific to that block of code. Catch System.IO.FileNotFound instead.
There are, of course, times when you'll want to violate these rules for completely legitimate reasons-- but at least consider them before you do.

Background

This approach leverages two specific exception handlers. The Application.ThreadExceptionHandler, which works for the main application thread of a Windows Forms application:
VB.NET
AddHandler Application.ThreadException, AddressOf ThreadExceptionHandler

And the AppDomain.CurrentDomain.UnhandledException handler, which works for Console applications:

VB.NET
AddHandler System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.UnhandledException, _
                                      AddressOf UnhandledExceptionHandler

This leaves out one large class of .NET applications: web apps. I've experimented with this, and I do not believe it is desirable to handle web exceptions using the exact same classes that you use to handle Console and WinForms exceptions. They have different needs. I do have a variant of this class I use in server-side Web Services and ASP.NET applications, but it's significantly different. This article will only cover exception handling techniques appropriate for Console or Windows Forms executables.

The other thing we need to be aware of is multi-threaded applications. The default exception handling only covers the main application thread. If you are spawning additional threads in your application, you must remember to set up the unhandled exception handler for each new thread you spawn.

Using UnhandledExceptionManager

Setting up the unhandled exception handler is very easy, but it must be done as soon as possible at application startup by calling UnhandledExceptionManager.AddHandler()

For Windows Forms applications:

VB.NET
Public Sub Main()
    UnhandledExceptionManager.AddHandler()
    Dim frm As New Form1
    Application.Run(frm)
End Sub

For Console applications:

VB.NET
Sub Main()
    UnhandledExceptionManager.AddHandler(True)
    Console.WriteLine("Hello World!")
    DoSomeWork()
End Sub

This is a "set it and forget it" operation. Once you've hooked up the handler, everything else is automatic from this point on. The only difference between the two initialization routines is the single optional Boolean parameter blnConsoleApp. Unfortunately I couldn't determine any way to distinguish between a Console and a Windows Forms app at runtime; the distinction is important for reasons I'll cover later.

The UnhandledExceptionManager class can be explicitly configured at initialization time through its parameters, or it can be configured passively through ambient App.Config settings. The App.Config settings are all optional, but look like this (I chose all defaults):

XML
<add key="UnhandledExceptionManager/EmailTo"
           value="jatwood@spamnotcodinghorror.com" />
<add key="UnhandledExceptionManager/ContactInfo"
           value="Jeff Atwood at 123-555-1212" />
<add key="UnhandledExceptionManager/IgnoreDebug" value="True" />
<add key="UnhandledExceptionManager/SendEmail" value="True" />
<add key="UnhandledExceptionManager/LogToFile" value="True" />
<add key="UnhandledExceptionManager/LogToEventLog" value="False" />
<add key="UnhandledExceptionManager/TakeScreenshot" value="True" />
<add key="UnhandledExceptionManager/DisplayDialog" value="True" />
<add key="UnhandledExceptionManager/EmailScreenshot" value="True" />
<add key="UnhandledExceptionManager/KillAppOnException" value="True" />

The most important setting is DisplayDialog, which defaults to True. For a Windows Forms app, when an Unhandled Exception occurs, we generate a user-friendly error dialog based on the GUI design laid out by Alan Cooper in his book About Face: The Essentials of User Interface Design, in the chapter titled The End of Errors.

screenshot of unhandled exception UI in a winforms app

To protect the end user from "geek speak", the Exception dialog hides most of the detailed diagnostic information until the "More >>" button is clicked. The animated screenshot at the top of this article demonstrates the use of this button.

Of course in a console app, we can't throw up a traditional WinForms dialog, so we simply dump the text to the console, like so:

screenshot of unhandled exception UI in a console app

But the really cool thing about the UnhandledExceptionHandler class is that, in addition to putting a friendly UI 'face' on our exceptions, it also does a lot of things for us behind the scenes. First of all, it takes a screenshot of the exception and logs the exception to a text file. These files are stored in the same path as the executable. Note that, for Smart Client apps which have a remote URL for a path, these files are named with filesafe versions of the URL and stored in the root folder of the hard drive.

screenshot of files created in the bin folder

By default, UnhandledExceptionHandler bundles up the text log and the screenshot into an exception email. This information is emailed to the address(es) of your choice via the built in, native SMTP class SimpleMail, assuming you've configured it with a valid SMTP server address. The email contains:

  • User and Machine identification
  • Application information
  • Exception summary
  • Custom stack trace
  • .PNG desktop screenshot

screenshot of automatic exception email

As you can see, the screenshot that was captured to the .PNG file is attached directly to the email. The screenshot is taken immediately after the Unhandled Exception, but before any UI appears; this way we capture the "scene of the crime", and hopefully have some idea what the user was doing to trigger the exception (damn users!). This provides additional valuable information that sometimes isn't reflected in the stack trace.

Also note that the email from: address, pictured above, defaults to Filename@Machine.Domain.com, a naming scheme I'm arrived at after a few years of standard email notifications; this way you know "who" mailed you (what application), and where it is coming from (what computer).

But wait-- there's more! I don't frequently enable this in my apps, but the code can also write the same detailed exception information to the Application Event Log, if you'd like to see them there.

screenshot of application event log

Two final observations on Unhandled Exceptions before we close our discussion.

  1. For some reason, using an Unhandled Exception Handler can block termination of your WinForms app. In other words, after the Unhandled Exception is processed, your application.. keeps running. I'm not clear exactly why this happens, and I'm not even sure if this is a desirable "feature", as you can get into some very strange execution states when the application partially fails, but keeps running. To control this, I added the UnhandledExceptionManager.KillAppOnException property, which defaults to True. Set it to taste, it works either way.
  2. Bear in mind that you cannot have exceptions in the Unhandled Exception Handler. This is a special case handler, the "handler of last resort", and exceptions in this code are just not supported-- they will cause the code to terminate with no warning whatsoever, as if you put in an arbitrary Return right smack dab in the middle of your function. Beware!

Using HandledExceptionManager

That pretty much covers Unhandled Exceptions, which is great, but.. what about exceptions that we want to handle? In other words, situations that we know can happen, and we want to specifically protect the user from-- without terminating our application? For that, I included HandledExceptionManager, which leverages the same UI. It's like a MessageBox specifically designed for exceptions, that supports an optional email notification.

screenshot of handled exception UI

The syntax is very similar to MessageBox, in fact:

VB.NET
Public Overloads Shared Function ShowDialog(ByVal strWhatHappened As String, _
        ByVal strHowUserAffected As String, _
        ByVal strWhatUserCanDo As String, _
        ByVal objException As System.Exception, _
        Optional ByVal Buttons As MessageBoxButtons = MessageBoxButtons.OK, _
        Optional ByVal Icon As MessageBoxIcon = MessageBoxIcon.Warning, _
        Optional ByVal DefaultButton _
                As UserErrorDefaultButton = UserErrorDefaultButton.Default) _
                As DialogResult

But it can also be called using an even simpler overloaded method.

VB.NET
Public Overloads Shared Function ShowDialog(ByVal strWhatHappened As String, _
        ByVal strHowUserAffected As String, _
        ByVal strWhatUserCanDo As String) As DialogResult
The sample solution includes an interactive demonstration of all the different parameters you can use to call the HandledExceptionManager.ShowDialog method.

Conclusion

I think that wraps it up. I've used these classes on a few different projects now with great results, and I hope they work well for you too. My last article was criticized for not being detailed enough, so I tried to go into greater depth for this one. That said, there are still a bunch of things in the source I either didn't have space to cover, or that didn't neatly fit within the scope of exception handling. There are many more details and comments in the source code provided at the top of the article, so check it out. And please don't hesitate to provide feedback, good or bad!

History

  • Tuesday, June 22, 2004 - Published.
  • Monday, August 16, 2004 - Updated demo code
    1. Added exception class to the titles of the exception emails; instead of just the generic "Unhandled Exception", you get "Unhandled Exception - System.IO.FileNotFoundException" and so forth
    2. Removed my email as the default destination for the demo emails (doh!)
    3. Converted labels to RichTextBoxes. We get clickable http: and mailto: support, and scroll bars when the text exceeds the available size. (Thanks elp?)
    4. Added support for outgoing SMTP authentication (thanks Chuck Peper)
    5. Removed embedded icon resources in favor of standard .NET icons available in the Drawing namespace (thanks Chuck Peper)
    6. Many other small improvements

License

This article has no explicit license attached to it but may contain usage terms in the article text or the download files themselves. If in doubt please contact the author via the discussion board below.

A list of licenses authors might use can be found here


Written By
wumpus1
Web Developer
United States United States
My name is Jeff Atwood. I live in Berkeley, CA with my wife, two cats, and far more computers than I care to mention. My first computer was the Texas Instruments TI-99/4a. I've been a Microsoft Windows developer since 1992; primarily in VB. I am particularly interested in best practices and human factors in software development, as represented in my recommended developer reading list. I also have a coding and human factors related blog at www.codinghorror.com.

Comments and Discussions

 
First PrevNext
SuggestionVery nice post Pin
twisterat5711-Dec-14 21:36
professionaltwisterat5711-Dec-14 21:36 
GeneralMy vote of 5 Pin
Fuzuli Hameed1-Jul-13 2:01
Fuzuli Hameed1-Jul-13 2:01 
GeneralMy vote of 5 Pin
_Vitor Garcia_1-Apr-13 4:11
_Vitor Garcia_1-Apr-13 4:11 
GeneralThis is all nice but... Pin
Dave Timmermann14-Aug-12 3:34
Dave Timmermann14-Aug-12 3:34 
SuggestionA good practice in 2012... Pin
Arnaud Dovi7-Apr-12 8:07
Arnaud Dovi7-Apr-12 8:07 
QuestionCan we mention this in the credits under CPOL license? Pin
albert.dc6-Feb-12 22:44
albert.dc6-Feb-12 22:44 
QuestionAll C# code is posted here!!! Pin
budrophious2-Nov-11 6:05
budrophious2-Nov-11 6:05 
Here is Jeff Atwood's code converted into C#.

C#
/*****************************************************************************************/
/* ***************************************************************************************
 * Program.cs
 * ***************************************************************************************/
/*****************************************************************************************/
//'--
//'--
//'-- Jeff Atwood
//'-- http://www.codinghorror.com
//'--
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using ExceptionHandling;

namespace WindowsFormsApplication1
{
    static class Program
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// The main entry point for the application.
        /// </summary>
        [STAThread]
        static void Main()
        {
            UnhandledExceptionManager.AddHandler();
            Application.EnableVisualStyles();
            Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
            Application.Run(new Form1());
        }
    }
}


C#
/*****************************************************************************************/
/* ***************************************************************************************
 * Form1.cs
 * ***************************************************************************************/
/*****************************************************************************************/
//'--
//'--
//'-- Jeff Atwood
//'-- http://www.codinghorror.com
//'--
using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace ExceptionHandling
{
	public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
	{
		#region " Windows Form Designer generated code "

		public Form1()
			: base()
		{
			Load += Form1_Load;

			//This call is required by the Windows Form Designer.
			InitializeComponent();

			//Add any initialization after the InitializeComponent() call
		}

		//Form overrides dispose to clean up the component list.
		protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
		{
			if (disposing)
			{
				if ((components != null))
				{
					components.Dispose();
				}
			}
			base.Dispose(disposing);
		}

		//Required by the Windows Form Designer

		private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components;
		//NOTE: The following procedure is required by the Windows Form Designer
		//It can be modified using the Windows Form Designer.
		//Do not modify it using the code editor.
		internal System.Windows.Forms.TabControl TabControl1;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.TabPage TabPage1;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.TabPage TabPage2;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.Button Button3;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.Label Label3;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.Label Label2;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.Label Label1;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtWhatUserCanDo;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtWhatHappened;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtHowUserAffected;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.Button Button2;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.Button Button1;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox GroupBox1;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox GroupBox2;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioAbortRetryIgnore;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioOK;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioOKCancel;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioRetryCancel;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioYesNo;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioYesNoCancel;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioError;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioExclamation;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioQuestion;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioInformation;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox GroupBox3;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioButtonDefault;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioButton3;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioButton2;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioButton1;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox checkEmailHandledException;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox CheckBox1;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.Label Label5;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtMoreInfo;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtSMTPPort;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.Label Label6;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtSMTPServer;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.Label Label4;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.TabPage TabPage3;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.Label Label8;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtSMTPDomain;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.Label Label9;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.Label Label10;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.Label Label11;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtEmailTo;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.Label Label12;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtContactInfo;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox PictureBox1;

		[System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThrough()]
		private void InitializeComponent()
		{
			System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager resources = new System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager(typeof(Form1));
			this.TabControl1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TabControl();
			this.TabPage3 = new System.Windows.Forms.TabPage();
			this.PictureBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox();
			this.txtContactInfo = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
			this.Label12 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
			this.txtEmailTo = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
			this.Label11 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
			this.Label10 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
			this.Label9 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
			this.txtSMTPDomain = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
			this.Label8 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
			this.txtSMTPPort = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
			this.Label6 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
			this.txtSMTPServer = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
			this.Label4 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
			this.TabPage1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TabPage();
			this.txtMoreInfo = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
			this.Label5 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
			this.CheckBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox();
			this.checkEmailHandledException = new System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox();
			this.GroupBox3 = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();
			this.radioButtonDefault = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.radioButton3 = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.radioButton2 = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.radioButton1 = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.GroupBox2 = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();
			this.radioInformation = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.radioQuestion = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.radioExclamation = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.radioError = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.GroupBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();
			this.radioYesNoCancel = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.radioYesNo = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.radioRetryCancel = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.radioOKCancel = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.radioOK = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.radioAbortRetryIgnore = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
			this.Button3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
			this.Label3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
			this.Label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
			this.Label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
			this.txtWhatUserCanDo = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
			this.txtWhatHappened = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
			this.txtHowUserAffected = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
			this.Button2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
			this.TabPage2 = new System.Windows.Forms.TabPage();
			this.Button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
			this.TabControl1.SuspendLayout();
			this.TabPage3.SuspendLayout();
			((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.PictureBox1)).BeginInit();
			this.TabPage1.SuspendLayout();
			this.GroupBox3.SuspendLayout();
			this.GroupBox2.SuspendLayout();
			this.GroupBox1.SuspendLayout();
			this.TabPage2.SuspendLayout();
			this.SuspendLayout();
			//
			// TabControl1
			//
			this.TabControl1.Controls.Add(this.TabPage3);
			this.TabControl1.Controls.Add(this.TabPage1);
			this.TabControl1.Controls.Add(this.TabPage2);
			this.TabControl1.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill;
			this.TabControl1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0);
			this.TabControl1.Name = "TabControl1";
			this.TabControl1.SelectedIndex = 0;
			this.TabControl1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(708, 501);
			this.TabControl1.TabIndex = 0;
			//
			// TabPage3
			//
			this.TabPage3.Controls.Add(this.PictureBox1);
			this.TabPage3.Controls.Add(this.txtContactInfo);
			this.TabPage3.Controls.Add(this.Label12);
			this.TabPage3.Controls.Add(this.txtEmailTo);
			this.TabPage3.Controls.Add(this.Label11);
			this.TabPage3.Controls.Add(this.Label10);
			this.TabPage3.Controls.Add(this.Label9);
			this.TabPage3.Controls.Add(this.txtSMTPDomain);
			this.TabPage3.Controls.Add(this.Label8);
			this.TabPage3.Controls.Add(this.txtSMTPPort);
			this.TabPage3.Controls.Add(this.Label6);
			this.TabPage3.Controls.Add(this.txtSMTPServer);
			this.TabPage3.Controls.Add(this.Label4);
			this.TabPage3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(4, 22);
			this.TabPage3.Name = "TabPage3";
			this.TabPage3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(700, 475);
			this.TabPage3.TabIndex = 2;
			this.TabPage3.Text = "SMTP Settings";
			//
			// PictureBox1
			//
			this.PictureBox1.Image = ((System.Drawing.Image)(resources.GetObject("PictureBox1.Image")));
			this.PictureBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 152);
			this.PictureBox1.Name = "PictureBox1";
			this.PictureBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(673, 163);
			this.PictureBox1.SizeMode = System.Windows.Forms.PictureBoxSizeMode.AutoSize;
			this.PictureBox1.TabIndex = 13;
			this.PictureBox1.TabStop = false;
			//
			// txtContactInfo
			//
			this.txtContactInfo.Enabled = false;
			this.txtContactInfo.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(256, 348);
			this.txtContactInfo.Name = "txtContactInfo";
			this.txtContactInfo.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(280, 20);
			this.txtContactInfo.TabIndex = 12;
			//
			// Label12
			//
			this.Label12.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 352);
			this.Label12.Name = "Label12";
			this.Label12.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(216, 16);
			this.Label12.TabIndex = 11;
			this.Label12.Text = "UnhandledExceptionManager/ContactInfo";
			//
			// txtEmailTo
			//
			this.txtEmailTo.Enabled = false;
			this.txtEmailTo.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(256, 324);
			this.txtEmailTo.Name = "txtEmailTo";
			this.txtEmailTo.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(280, 20);
			this.txtEmailTo.TabIndex = 10;
			//
			// Label11
			//
			this.Label11.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 328);
			this.Label11.Name = "Label11";
			this.Label11.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(200, 16);
			this.Label11.TabIndex = 9;
			this.Label11.Text = "UnhandledExceptionManager/EmailTo";
			//
			// Label10
			//
			this.Label10.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans Serif", 8.25F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));
			this.Label10.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlText;
			this.Label10.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 128);
			this.Label10.Name = "Label10";
			this.Label10.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(284, 16);
			this.Label10.TabIndex = 8;
			this.Label10.Text = "Don\'t forget to set the mailto: address in App.Config!";
			//
			// Label9
			//
			this.Label9.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans Serif", 8.25F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));
			this.Label9.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 12);
			this.Label9.Name = "Label9";
			this.Label9.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(460, 16);
			this.Label9.TabIndex = 7;
			this.Label9.Text = "Edit the default values in SimpleMail.vb to match your preferred outgoing mail se" +
	"rver.";
			//
			// txtSMTPDomain
			//
			this.txtSMTPDomain.Enabled = false;
			this.txtSMTPDomain.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(256, 36);
			this.txtSMTPDomain.Name = "txtSMTPDomain";
			this.txtSMTPDomain.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(256, 20);
			this.txtSMTPDomain.TabIndex = 6;
			//
			// Label8
			//
			this.Label8.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 36);
			this.Label8.Name = "Label8";
			this.Label8.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(144, 16);
			this.Label8.TabIndex = 5;
			this.Label8.Text = "SimpleMail.DefaultDomain";
			//
			// txtSMTPPort
			//
			this.txtSMTPPort.Enabled = false;
			this.txtSMTPPort.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(256, 88);
			this.txtSMTPPort.MaxLength = 4;
			this.txtSMTPPort.Name = "txtSMTPPort";
			this.txtSMTPPort.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(56, 20);
			this.txtSMTPPort.TabIndex = 3;
			//
			// Label6
			//
			this.Label6.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 92);
			this.Label6.Name = "Label6";
			this.Label6.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(88, 16);
			this.Label6.TabIndex = 2;
			this.Label6.Text = "SimpleMail.Port";
			//
			// txtSMTPServer
			//
			this.txtSMTPServer.Enabled = false;
			this.txtSMTPServer.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(256, 60);
			this.txtSMTPServer.Name = "txtSMTPServer";
			this.txtSMTPServer.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(256, 20);
			this.txtSMTPServer.TabIndex = 1;
			//
			// Label4
			//
			this.Label4.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 64);
			this.Label4.Name = "Label4";
			this.Label4.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 16);
			this.Label4.TabIndex = 0;
			this.Label4.Text = "SimpleMail.Server";
			//
			// TabPage1
			//
			this.TabPage1.Controls.Add(this.txtMoreInfo);
			this.TabPage1.Controls.Add(this.Label5);
			this.TabPage1.Controls.Add(this.CheckBox1);
			this.TabPage1.Controls.Add(this.checkEmailHandledException);
			this.TabPage1.Controls.Add(this.GroupBox3);
			this.TabPage1.Controls.Add(this.GroupBox2);
			this.TabPage1.Controls.Add(this.GroupBox1);
			this.TabPage1.Controls.Add(this.Button3);
			this.TabPage1.Controls.Add(this.Label3);
			this.TabPage1.Controls.Add(this.Label2);
			this.TabPage1.Controls.Add(this.Label1);
			this.TabPage1.Controls.Add(this.txtWhatUserCanDo);
			this.TabPage1.Controls.Add(this.txtWhatHappened);
			this.TabPage1.Controls.Add(this.txtHowUserAffected);
			this.TabPage1.Controls.Add(this.Button2);
			this.TabPage1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(4, 22);
			this.TabPage1.Name = "TabPage1";
			this.TabPage1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(700, 475);
			this.TabPage1.TabIndex = 0;
			this.TabPage1.Text = "Handled Exception";
			//
			// txtMoreInfo
			//
			this.txtMoreInfo.Enabled = false;
			this.txtMoreInfo.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(32, 304);
			this.txtMoreInfo.Multiline = true;
			this.txtMoreInfo.Name = "txtMoreInfo";
			this.txtMoreInfo.ScrollBars = System.Windows.Forms.ScrollBars.Vertical;
			this.txtMoreInfo.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(512, 60);
			this.txtMoreInfo.TabIndex = 7;
			//
			// Label5
			//
			this.Label5.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans Serif", 8.25F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));
			this.Label5.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 288);
			this.Label5.Name = "Label5";
			this.Label5.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(104, 16);
			this.Label5.TabIndex = 6;
			this.Label5.Text = "More information:";
			//
			// CheckBox1
			//
			this.CheckBox1.Checked = true;
			this.CheckBox1.CheckState = System.Windows.Forms.CheckState.Checked;
			this.CheckBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(32, 372);
			this.CheckBox1.Name = "CheckBox1";
			this.CheckBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(312, 20);
			this.CheckBox1.TabIndex = 8;
			this.CheckBox1.Text = "Use the actual exception for the more information text";
			this.CheckBox1.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.CheckBox1_CheckedChanged);
			//
			// checkEmailHandledException
			//
			this.checkEmailHandledException.Checked = true;
			this.checkEmailHandledException.CheckState = System.Windows.Forms.CheckState.Checked;
			this.checkEmailHandledException.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 420);
			this.checkEmailHandledException.Name = "checkEmailHandledException";
			this.checkEmailHandledException.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(288, 16);
			this.checkEmailHandledException.TabIndex = 12;
			this.checkEmailHandledException.Text = "Send an email notification for this handled exception";
			//
			// GroupBox3
			//
			this.GroupBox3.Controls.Add(this.radioButtonDefault);
			this.GroupBox3.Controls.Add(this.radioButton3);
			this.GroupBox3.Controls.Add(this.radioButton2);
			this.GroupBox3.Controls.Add(this.radioButton1);
			this.GroupBox3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(556, 324);
			this.GroupBox3.Name = "GroupBox3";
			this.GroupBox3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(132, 104);
			this.GroupBox3.TabIndex = 11;
			this.GroupBox3.TabStop = false;
			this.GroupBox3.Text = "Default Button";
			//
			// radioButtonDefault
			//
			this.radioButtonDefault.Checked = true;
			this.radioButtonDefault.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 80);
			this.radioButtonDefault.Name = "radioButtonDefault";
			this.radioButtonDefault.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(60, 16);
			this.radioButtonDefault.TabIndex = 3;
			this.radioButtonDefault.TabStop = true;
			this.radioButtonDefault.Text = "Default";
			//
			// radioButton3
			//
			this.radioButton3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 60);
			this.radioButton3.Name = "radioButton3";
			this.radioButton3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(64, 16);
			this.radioButton3.TabIndex = 2;
			this.radioButton3.Text = "Button3";
			//
			// radioButton2
			//
			this.radioButton2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 40);
			this.radioButton2.Name = "radioButton2";
			this.radioButton2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(64, 16);
			this.radioButton2.TabIndex = 1;
			this.radioButton2.Text = "Button2";
			//
			// radioButton1
			//
			this.radioButton1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 20);
			this.radioButton1.Name = "radioButton1";
			this.radioButton1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(64, 16);
			this.radioButton1.TabIndex = 0;
			this.radioButton1.Text = "Button1";
			//
			// GroupBox2
			//
			this.GroupBox2.Controls.Add(this.radioInformation);
			this.GroupBox2.Controls.Add(this.radioQuestion);
			this.GroupBox2.Controls.Add(this.radioExclamation);
			this.GroupBox2.Controls.Add(this.radioError);
			this.GroupBox2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(556, 192);
			this.GroupBox2.Name = "GroupBox2";
			this.GroupBox2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(132, 124);
			this.GroupBox2.TabIndex = 10;
			this.GroupBox2.TabStop = false;
			this.GroupBox2.Text = "Icon";
			//
			// radioInformation
			//
			this.radioInformation.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 96);
			this.radioInformation.Name = "radioInformation";
			this.radioInformation.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(84, 20);
			this.radioInformation.TabIndex = 3;
			this.radioInformation.Text = "Information";
			//
			// radioQuestion
			//
			this.radioQuestion.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 72);
			this.radioQuestion.Name = "radioQuestion";
			this.radioQuestion.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(72, 20);
			this.radioQuestion.TabIndex = 2;
			this.radioQuestion.Text = "Question";
			//
			// radioExclamation
			//
			this.radioExclamation.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 48);
			this.radioExclamation.Name = "radioExclamation";
			this.radioExclamation.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(88, 20);
			this.radioExclamation.TabIndex = 1;
			this.radioExclamation.Text = "Exclamation";
			//
			// radioError
			//
			this.radioError.Checked = true;
			this.radioError.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 24);
			this.radioError.Name = "radioError";
			this.radioError.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(48, 20);
			this.radioError.TabIndex = 0;
			this.radioError.TabStop = true;
			this.radioError.Text = "Error";
			//
			// GroupBox1
			//
			this.GroupBox1.Controls.Add(this.radioYesNoCancel);
			this.GroupBox1.Controls.Add(this.radioYesNo);
			this.GroupBox1.Controls.Add(this.radioRetryCancel);
			this.GroupBox1.Controls.Add(this.radioOKCancel);
			this.GroupBox1.Controls.Add(this.radioOK);
			this.GroupBox1.Controls.Add(this.radioAbortRetryIgnore);
			this.GroupBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(556, 12);
			this.GroupBox1.Name = "GroupBox1";
			this.GroupBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(132, 172);
			this.GroupBox1.TabIndex = 9;
			this.GroupBox1.TabStop = false;
			this.GroupBox1.Text = "Buttons";
			//
			// radioYesNoCancel
			//
			this.radioYesNoCancel.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 140);
			this.radioYesNoCancel.Name = "radioYesNoCancel";
			this.radioYesNoCancel.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(96, 20);
			this.radioYesNoCancel.TabIndex = 5;
			this.radioYesNoCancel.Text = "YesNoCancel";
			//
			// radioYesNo
			//
			this.radioYesNo.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 116);
			this.radioYesNo.Name = "radioYesNo";
			this.radioYesNo.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(60, 20);
			this.radioYesNo.TabIndex = 4;
			this.radioYesNo.Text = "YesNo";
			//
			// radioRetryCancel
			//
			this.radioRetryCancel.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 92);
			this.radioRetryCancel.Name = "radioRetryCancel";
			this.radioRetryCancel.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(96, 20);
			this.radioRetryCancel.TabIndex = 3;
			this.radioRetryCancel.Text = "RetryCancel";
			//
			// radioOKCancel
			//
			this.radioOKCancel.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 68);
			this.radioOKCancel.Name = "radioOKCancel";
			this.radioOKCancel.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(76, 20);
			this.radioOKCancel.TabIndex = 2;
			this.radioOKCancel.Text = "OKCancel";
			//
			// radioOK
			//
			this.radioOK.Checked = true;
			this.radioOK.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 44);
			this.radioOK.Name = "radioOK";
			this.radioOK.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(44, 20);
			this.radioOK.TabIndex = 1;
			this.radioOK.TabStop = true;
			this.radioOK.Text = "OK";
			//
			// radioAbortRetryIgnore
			//
			this.radioAbortRetryIgnore.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 20);
			this.radioAbortRetryIgnore.Name = "radioAbortRetryIgnore";
			this.radioAbortRetryIgnore.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(112, 20);
			this.radioAbortRetryIgnore.TabIndex = 0;
			this.radioAbortRetryIgnore.Text = "AbortRetryIgnore";
			//
			// Button3
			//
			this.Button3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(508, 436);
			this.Button3.Name = "Button3";
			this.Button3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(180, 28);
			this.Button3.TabIndex = 14;
			this.Button3.Text = "Handled Exception (defaults)";
			this.Button3.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.Button3_Click);
			//
			// Label3
			//
			this.Label3.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans Serif", 8.25F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));
			this.Label3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 196);
			this.Label3.Name = "Label3";
			this.Label3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(128, 16);
			this.Label3.TabIndex = 4;
			this.Label3.Text = "What the user can do:";
			//
			// Label2
			//
			this.Label2.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans Serif", 8.25F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));
			this.Label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 104);
			this.Label2.Name = "Label2";
			this.Label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(164, 16);
			this.Label2.TabIndex = 2;
			this.Label2.Text = "How the user will be affected:";
			//
			// Label1
			//
			this.Label1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans Serif", 8.25F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));
			this.Label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 12);
			this.Label1.Name = "Label1";
			this.Label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(112, 16);
			this.Label1.TabIndex = 0;
			this.Label1.Text = "What Happened:";
			//
			// txtWhatUserCanDo
			//
			this.txtWhatUserCanDo.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(32, 220);
			this.txtWhatUserCanDo.Multiline = true;
			this.txtWhatUserCanDo.Name = "txtWhatUserCanDo";
			this.txtWhatUserCanDo.ScrollBars = System.Windows.Forms.ScrollBars.Vertical;
			this.txtWhatUserCanDo.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(512, 60);
			this.txtWhatUserCanDo.TabIndex = 5;
			this.txtWhatUserCanDo.Text = "List anything the user can do to resolve this problem or condition, including con" +
	"tacting (contact) or perhaps visiting http://www.codinghorror.com";
			//
			// txtWhatHappened
			//
			this.txtWhatHappened.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(32, 36);
			this.txtWhatHappened.Multiline = true;
			this.txtWhatHappened.Name = "txtWhatHappened";
			this.txtWhatHappened.ScrollBars = System.Windows.Forms.ScrollBars.Vertical;
			this.txtWhatHappened.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(508, 60);
			this.txtWhatHappened.TabIndex = 1;
			this.txtWhatHappened.Text = "Describe what happened to (app) in plain, non technical terms";
			//
			// txtHowUserAffected
			//
			this.txtHowUserAffected.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(32, 128);
			this.txtHowUserAffected.Multiline = true;
			this.txtHowUserAffected.Name = "txtHowUserAffected";
			this.txtHowUserAffected.ScrollBars = System.Windows.Forms.ScrollBars.Vertical;
			this.txtHowUserAffected.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(508, 60);
			this.txtHowUserAffected.TabIndex = 3;
			this.txtHowUserAffected.Text = "Describe how the user will be affected by this problem or condition; be specific." +
	"";
			//
			// Button2
			//
			this.Button2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(320, 436);
			this.Button2.Name = "Button2";
			this.Button2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(180, 28);
			this.Button2.TabIndex = 13;
			this.Button2.Text = "Handled Exception (customized)";
			this.Button2.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.Button2_Click);
			//
			// TabPage2
			//
			this.TabPage2.Controls.Add(this.Button1);
			this.TabPage2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(4, 22);
			this.TabPage2.Name = "TabPage2";
			this.TabPage2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(700, 475);
			this.TabPage2.TabIndex = 1;
			this.TabPage2.Text = "Unhandled Exception";
			//
			// Button1
			//
			this.Button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(262, 223);
			this.Button1.Name = "Button1";
			this.Button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(176, 28);
			this.Button1.TabIndex = 1;
			this.Button1.Text = "Generate Unhandled Exception";
			this.Button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.Button1_Click);
			//
			// Form1
			//
			this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13);
			this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(708, 501);
			this.Controls.Add(this.TabControl1);
			this.Name = "Form1";
			this.Text = "Form1";
			this.TabControl1.ResumeLayout(false);
			this.TabPage3.ResumeLayout(false);
			this.TabPage3.PerformLayout();
			((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.PictureBox1)).EndInit();
			this.TabPage1.ResumeLayout(false);
			this.TabPage1.PerformLayout();
			this.GroupBox3.ResumeLayout(false);
			this.GroupBox2.ResumeLayout(false);
			this.GroupBox1.ResumeLayout(false);
			this.TabPage2.ResumeLayout(false);
			this.ResumeLayout(false);
		}

		#endregion " Windows Form Designer generated code "

		private void GenerateException()
		{
			//-- just a simple "object not initialized" exception (should read "as new")
			System.Collections.Specialized.NameValueCollection x = null;
			MessageBox.Show(x.Count.ToString());
		}

		private void Button1_Click(System.Object sender, System.EventArgs e)
		{
			GenerateException();
		}

		private void Button2_Click(System.Object sender, System.EventArgs e)
		{
			try
			{
				GenerateException();
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				HandledExceptionManager.EmailError = checkEmailHandledException.Checked;
				if (CheckBox1.Checked)
				{
					//-- use exception as "more"
					HandledExceptionManager.ShowDialog(txtWhatHappened.Text, txtHowUserAffected.Text, txtWhatUserCanDo.Text, ex, GetButtonType(), GetIconType(), GetDefaultButton());
				}
				else
				{
					//-- use custom text as "more"
					HandledExceptionManager.ShowDialog(txtWhatHappened.Text, txtHowUserAffected.Text, txtWhatUserCanDo.Text, txtMoreInfo.Text, GetButtonType(), GetIconType(), GetDefaultButton());
				}
			}
		}

		private void Button3_Click(System.Object sender, System.EventArgs e)
		{
			try
			{
				GenerateException();
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				HandledExceptionManager.EmailError = checkEmailHandledException.Checked;
				//-- minimal form, no extra params
				HandledExceptionManager.ShowDialog(txtWhatHappened.Text, txtHowUserAffected.Text, txtWhatUserCanDo.Text, ex);
			}
		}

		private HandledExceptionManager.UserErrorDefaultButton GetDefaultButton()
		{
			if (radioButton1.Checked)
			{
				return HandledExceptionManager.UserErrorDefaultButton.Button1;
			}
			if (radioButton2.Checked)
			{
				return HandledExceptionManager.UserErrorDefaultButton.Button2;
			}
			if (radioButton3.Checked)
			{
				return HandledExceptionManager.UserErrorDefaultButton.Button3;
			}
			return HandledExceptionManager.UserErrorDefaultButton.Default;
		}

		private MessageBoxIcon GetIconType()
		{
			if (radioExclamation.Checked)
			{
				return MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation;
			}
			if (radioQuestion.Checked)
			{
				return MessageBoxIcon.Question;
			}
			if (radioInformation.Checked)
			{
				return MessageBoxIcon.Information;
			}
			return MessageBoxIcon.Error;
		}

		private MessageBoxButtons GetButtonType()
		{
			if (radioAbortRetryIgnore.Checked)
			{
				return MessageBoxButtons.AbortRetryIgnore;
			}
			if (radioOKCancel.Checked)
			{
				return MessageBoxButtons.OKCancel;
			}
			if (radioRetryCancel.Checked)
			{
				return MessageBoxButtons.RetryCancel;
			}
			if (radioYesNo.Checked)
			{
				return MessageBoxButtons.YesNo;
			}
			if (radioYesNoCancel.Checked)
			{
				return MessageBoxButtons.YesNoCancel;
			}
			return MessageBoxButtons.OK;
		}

		private void CheckBox1_CheckedChanged(System.Object sender, System.EventArgs e)
		{
			if (CheckBox1.Checked == true)
			{
				if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(txtMoreInfo.Text))
				{
					txtMoreInfo.Tag = txtMoreInfo.Text;
					txtMoreInfo.Text = "";
				}
			}
			else
			{
				if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(txtMoreInfo.Text))
				{
					if ((txtMoreInfo.Tag != null))
					{
						txtMoreInfo.Text = txtMoreInfo.Tag.ToString();
					}
				}
			}
			txtMoreInfo.Enabled = !CheckBox1.Checked;
		}

		private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
		{
			ExceptionHandling.SimpleMail.SMTPClient smtp = new ExceptionHandling.SimpleMail.SMTPClient();

			txtSMTPDomain.Text = smtp.DefaultDomain;
			txtSMTPPort.Text = smtp.Port.ToString();
			txtSMTPServer.Text = smtp.Server.ToString();
			txtEmailTo.Text = AppSettings.GetString("UnhandledExceptionManager/EmailTo");
			txtContactInfo.Text = AppSettings.GetString("UnhandledExceptionManager/ContactInfo");
		}
	}
}


C#
/*****************************************************************************************/
/* ***************************************************************************************
 * AppSettings.cs
 * ***************************************************************************************/
/*****************************************************************************************/
//'--
//'--
//'-- Jeff Atwood
//'-- http://www.codinghorror.com
//'--

using System;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

//'-- Class for returning general settings related to our Application, such as..
//'--
//'--  ** .config file settings
//'--  ** runtime version
//'--  ** application version
//'--  ** version and build date
//'--  ** whether we're being debugged or not
//'--  ** our security zone
//'--  ** our path and filename
//'--  ** any command line arguments we have


namespace ExceptionHandling
{
	public class AppSettings
	{
		private static string _strAppBase;
		private static string _strConfigPath;
		private static string _strSecurityZone;
		private static string _strRuntimeVersion;
		private static System.Collections.Specialized.NameValueCollection _objCommandLineArgs = null;

		private static System.Collections.Specialized.NameValueCollection _objAssemblyAttribs = null;

		private AppSettings()
		{
			// to keep this class from being creatable as an instance.
		}

		#region "Properties"

		public static bool DebugMode
		{
			get
			{
				if (CommandLineArgs["debug"] == null)
				{
					return System.Diagnostics.Debugger.IsAttached;
				}
				else
				{
					return true;
				}
			}
		}

		public static string AppBuildDate
		{
			get
			{
				if (_objAssemblyAttribs == null)
				{
					_objAssemblyAttribs = GetAssemblyAttribs();
				}
				return _objAssemblyAttribs["BuildDate"];
			}
		}

		public static string AppProduct
		{
			get
			{
				if (_objAssemblyAttribs == null)
				{
					_objAssemblyAttribs = GetAssemblyAttribs();
				}
				return _objAssemblyAttribs["Product"];
			}
		}

		public static string AppCompany
		{
			get
			{
				if (_objAssemblyAttribs == null)
				{
					_objAssemblyAttribs = GetAssemblyAttribs();
				}
				return _objAssemblyAttribs["Company"];
			}
		}

		public static string AppCopyright
		{
			get
			{
				if (_objAssemblyAttribs == null)
				{
					_objAssemblyAttribs = GetAssemblyAttribs();
				}
				return _objAssemblyAttribs["Copyright"];
			}
		}

		public static string AppDescription
		{
			get
			{
				if (_objAssemblyAttribs == null)
				{
					_objAssemblyAttribs = GetAssemblyAttribs();
				}
				return _objAssemblyAttribs["Description"];
			}
		}

		public static string AppTitle
		{
			get
			{
				if (_objAssemblyAttribs == null)
				{
					_objAssemblyAttribs = GetAssemblyAttribs();
				}
				return _objAssemblyAttribs["Title"];
			}
		}

		public static string AppFileName
		{
			get { return Regex.Match(AppPath, "[^/]*.(exe|dll)", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase).ToString(); }
		}

		public static string AppPath
		{
			get
			{
				if (_objAssemblyAttribs == null)
				{
					_objAssemblyAttribs = GetAssemblyAttribs();
				}
				return _objAssemblyAttribs["CodeBase"];
			}
		}

		public static string AppFullName
		{
			get
			{
				if (_objAssemblyAttribs == null)
				{
					_objAssemblyAttribs = GetAssemblyAttribs();
				}
				return _objAssemblyAttribs["FullName"];
			}
		}

		public static NameValueCollection CommandLineArgs
		{
			get
			{
				if (_objCommandLineArgs == null)
				{
					_objCommandLineArgs = GetCommandLineArgs();
				}
				return _objCommandLineArgs;
			}
		}

		public static bool CommandLineHelpRequested
		{
			get
			{
				if (_objCommandLineArgs == null)
				{
					_objCommandLineArgs = GetCommandLineArgs();
				}
				if (!_objCommandLineArgs.HasKeys())
				{
					return false;
				}

				const string strHelpRegEx = "^(help|\\?)";

				string strKey = null;
				//foreach (string strKey_loopVariable in _objCommandLineArgs.AllKeys())
				foreach (string strKey_loopVariable in _objCommandLineArgs.AllKeys)
				{
					strKey = strKey_loopVariable;
					if (Regex.IsMatch(strKey, strHelpRegEx, RegexOptions.IgnoreCase))
					{
						return true;
					}
					if (Regex.IsMatch(_objCommandLineArgs[strKey], strHelpRegEx, RegexOptions.IgnoreCase))
					{
						return true;
					}
				}
				return false;
			}
		}

		public static string RuntimeVersion
		{
			get
			{
				if (_strRuntimeVersion == null)
				{
					//-- returns 1.0.3705.288; we don't want that much detail
					_strRuntimeVersion = Regex.Match(System.Environment.Version.ToString(), "\\d+.\\d+.\\d+").ToString();
				}
				return _strRuntimeVersion;
			}
		}

		public static string AppVersion
		{
			get
			{
				if (_objAssemblyAttribs == null)
				{
					_objAssemblyAttribs = GetAssemblyAttribs();
				}
				return _objAssemblyAttribs["Version"];
			}
		}

		public static string ConfigPath
		{
			get
			{
				if (_strConfigPath == null)
				{
					_strConfigPath = Convert.ToString(System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetData("APP_CONFIG_FILE"));
				}
				return _strConfigPath;
			}
		}

		public static string AppBase
		{
			get
			{
				if (_strAppBase == null)
				{
					_strAppBase = Convert.ToString(System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetData("APPBASE"));
				}
				return _strAppBase;
			}
		}

		public static string SecurityZone
		{
			get
			{
				if (_strSecurityZone == null)
				{
					_strSecurityZone = System.Security.Policy.Zone.CreateFromUrl(AppBase).SecurityZone.ToString();
				}
				return _strSecurityZone;
			}
		}

		#endregion "Properties"

		private static Assembly GetEntryAssembly()
		{
			if (System.Reflection.Assembly.GetEntryAssembly() == null)
			{
				return System.Reflection.Assembly.GetCallingAssembly();
			}
			else
			{
				return System.Reflection.Assembly.GetEntryAssembly();
			}
		}

		//--
		//-- returns string name / string value pair of all attribs
		//-- for specified assembly
		//--
		//-- note that Assembly* values are pulled from AssemblyInfo file in project folder
		//--
		//-- Product         = AssemblyProduct string
		//-- Copyright       = AssemblyCopyright string
		//-- Company         = AssemblyCompany string
		//-- Description     = AssemblyDescription string
		//-- Title           = AssemblyTitle string
		//--
		private static NameValueCollection GetAssemblyAttribs()
		{
			object[] objAttributes = null;
			object objAttribute = null;
			string strAttribName = null;
			string strAttribValue = null;
			System.Collections.Specialized.NameValueCollection objNameValueCollection = new System.Collections.Specialized.NameValueCollection();
			System.Reflection.Assembly objAssembly = GetEntryAssembly();

			objAttributes = objAssembly.GetCustomAttributes(false);
			foreach (object objAttribute_loopVariable in objAttributes)
			{
				objAttribute = objAttribute_loopVariable;
				strAttribName = objAttribute.GetType().ToString();
				strAttribValue = "";
				switch (strAttribName)
				{
					case "System.Reflection.AssemblyTrademarkAttribute":
						strAttribName = "Trademark";
						strAttribValue = ((AssemblyTrademarkAttribute)objAttribute).Trademark.ToString();
						break;
					case "System.Reflection.AssemblyProductAttribute":
						strAttribName = "Product";
						strAttribValue = ((AssemblyProductAttribute)objAttribute).Product.ToString();
						break;
					case "System.Reflection.AssemblyCopyrightAttribute":
						strAttribName = "Copyright";
						strAttribValue = ((AssemblyCopyrightAttribute)objAttribute).Copyright.ToString();
						break;
					case "System.Reflection.AssemblyCompanyAttribute":
						strAttribName = "Company";
						strAttribValue = ((AssemblyCompanyAttribute)objAttribute).Company.ToString();
						break;
					case "System.Reflection.AssemblyTitleAttribute":
						strAttribName = "Title";
						strAttribValue = ((AssemblyTitleAttribute)objAttribute).Title.ToString();
						break;
					case "System.Reflection.AssemblyDescriptionAttribute":
						strAttribName = "Description";
						strAttribValue = ((AssemblyDescriptionAttribute)objAttribute).Description.ToString();
						break;
					default:
						break;
					//Console.WriteLine(strAttribName)
				}
				if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(strAttribValue))
				{
					if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(objNameValueCollection[strAttribName]))
					{
						objNameValueCollection.Add(strAttribName, strAttribValue);
					}
				}
			}

			//-- add some extra values that are not in the AssemblyInfo, but nice to have
			var _with1 = objNameValueCollection;
			_with1.Add("CodeBase", objAssembly.CodeBase.Replace("file:///", ""));
			_with1.Add("BuildDate", AssemblyBuildDate(objAssembly).ToString());
			_with1.Add("Version", objAssembly.GetName().Version.ToString());
			_with1.Add("FullName", objAssembly.FullName);

			//-- we must have certain assembly keys to proceed.
			if (objNameValueCollection["Product"] == null)
			{
				throw new MissingFieldException("The AssemblyInfo file for the assembly " + objAssembly.GetName().Name + " must have the <Assembly:AssemblyProduct()> key populated.");
			}
			if (objNameValueCollection["Company"] == null)
			{
				throw new MissingFieldException("The AssemblyInfo file for the assembly " + objAssembly.GetName().Name + " must have the <Assembly: AssemblyCompany()>  key populated.");
			}

			return objNameValueCollection;
		}

		//--
		//--
		//-- when this app is loaded via URL, it is possible to pass in "command line arguments" like so:
		//--
		//-- http://localhost/App.Website/App.Loader.exe?a=1&b=2&c=3
		//--
		//-- string[] args = {
		//--     "C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v1.0.3705\IEExec",
		//--     "http://localhost/WebCommandLine/App.Loader.exe?a=1&b=2&c=3",
		//--     "3", "1",  "86474707A3C6F63616C686F6374710000000"};
		//--
		//--

		private static void GetURLCommandLineArgs(string strURL, ref System.Collections.Specialized.NameValueCollection objNameValueCollection)
		{
			MatchCollection objMatchCollection = null;
			Match objMatch = null;

			//-- http://localhost/App.Website/App.Loader.exe?a=1&b=2&c=apple
			//-- a = 1
			//-- b = 2
			//-- c = apple
			objMatchCollection = Regex.Matches(strURL, "(?<Key>[^=#&?]+)=(?<Value>[^=#&]*)");
			foreach (Match objMatch_loopVariable in objMatchCollection)
			{
				objMatch = objMatch_loopVariable;
				objNameValueCollection.Add(objMatch.Groups["Key"].ToString(), objMatch.Groups["Value"].ToString());
			}
		}

		private static bool IsURL(string strAny)
		{
			return strAny.IndexOf("&") > -1 || strAny.StartsWith("?") || strAny.ToLower().StartsWith("http://");
		}

		private static string RemoveArgPrefix(string strArg)
		{
			if (strArg.StartsWith("-") | strArg.StartsWith("/"))
			{
				return strArg.Substring(1);
			}
			else
			{
				return strArg;
			}
		}

		//--
		//-- breaks space delimited command line arguments into key value pairs, if they exist
		//--
		//-- App.Loader.exe -remoting=0 /sample=yes c=true
		//-- remoting = 0
		//-- sample   = yes
		//-- c        = true
		//--
		private static bool GetKeyValueCommandLineArg(string strArg, ref System.Collections.Specialized.NameValueCollection objNameValueCollection)
		{
			MatchCollection objMatchCollection = null;
			Match objMatch = null;

			objMatchCollection = Regex.Matches(strArg, "(?<Key>^[^=]+)=(?<Value>[^= ]*$)");
			if (objMatchCollection.Count == 0)
			{
				return false;
			}
			else
			{
				foreach (Match objMatch_loopVariable in objMatchCollection)
				{
					objMatch = objMatch_loopVariable;
					objNameValueCollection.Add(RemoveArgPrefix(objMatch.Groups["Key"].ToString()), objMatch.Groups["Value"].ToString());
				}
				return true;
			}
		}

		//--
		//-- parses command line arguments, handling special case when app was launched via URL
		//-- note that the default .GetCommandLineArgs is SPACE DELIMITED !
		//--
		private static NameValueCollection GetCommandLineArgs()
		{
			string[] strArgs = Environment.GetCommandLineArgs();
			System.Collections.Specialized.NameValueCollection objNameValueCollection = new System.Collections.Specialized.NameValueCollection();

			if (strArgs.Length > 0)
			{
				//--
				//-- handles typical case where app was launched via local .EXE
				//--
				string strArg = null;
				int intArg = 0;
				foreach (string strArg_loopVariable in strArgs)
				{
					strArg = strArg_loopVariable;
					if (IsURL(strArg))
					{
						GetURLCommandLineArgs(strArg, ref objNameValueCollection);
					}
					else
					{
						if (!GetKeyValueCommandLineArg(strArg, ref objNameValueCollection))
						{
							objNameValueCollection.Add("arg" + intArg, RemoveArgPrefix(strArg));
							intArg += 1;
						}
					}
				}
			}

			return objNameValueCollection;
		}

		//--
		//-- exception-safe file attrib retrieval; we don't care if this fails
		//--
		private static DateTime AssemblyFileTime(System.Reflection.Assembly objAssembly)
		{
			try
			{
				return System.IO.File.GetLastWriteTime(objAssembly.Location);
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				return DateTime.MaxValue;
			}
		}

		//--
		//-- returns build datetime of assembly
		//-- assumes default assembly value in AssemblyInfo:
		//-- <Assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.*")>
		//--
		//-- filesystem create time is used, if revision and build were overridden by user
		//--
		private static DateTime AssemblyBuildDate(System.Reflection.Assembly objAssembly, bool blnForceFileDate = false)
		{
			System.Version objVersion = objAssembly.GetName().Version;
			DateTime dtBuild = default(DateTime);

			if (blnForceFileDate)
			{
				dtBuild = AssemblyFileTime(objAssembly);
			}
			else
			{
				//dtBuild = ((DateTime)"01/01/2000").AddDays(objVersion.Build).AddSeconds(objVersion.Revision * 2);
				dtBuild = Convert.ToDateTime("01/01/2000").AddDays((double)objVersion.Build).AddSeconds((double)(objVersion.Revision * 2));
				if (TimeZone.IsDaylightSavingTime(dtBuild, TimeZone.CurrentTimeZone.GetDaylightChanges(dtBuild.Year)))
				{
					dtBuild = dtBuild.AddHours(1);
				}
				if (dtBuild > DateTime.Now | objVersion.Build < 730 | objVersion.Revision == 0)
				{
					dtBuild = AssemblyFileTime(objAssembly);
				}
			}

			return dtBuild;
		}

		//-- Returns the specified application value as a boolean
		//-- True values: 1, True, true
		//-- False values: anything else
		public static bool GetBoolean(string key)
		{
			string strTemp = ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings.Get(key);
			if (strTemp == null)
			{
				return false;
			}
			else
			{
				switch (strTemp.ToLower())
				{
					case "1":
					case "true":
						return true;
					default:
						return false;
				}
			}
		}

		//-- Returns the specified String value from the application .config file
		public static string GetString(string key)
		{
			string strTemp = Convert.ToString(ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings.Get(key));
			if (strTemp == null)
			{
				return "";
			}
			else
			{
				return strTemp;
			}
		}

		//--
		//-- Returns the specified Integer value from the application .config file
		//--
		public static int GetInteger(string key)
		{
			int intTemp = Convert.ToInt32(ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings.Get(key));
			if (intTemp == null)
			{
				return 0;
			}
			else
			{
				return intTemp;
			}
		}
	}
}


C#
/*****************************************************************************************/
/* ***************************************************************************************
 * HandledExceptionManager.cs
 * ***************************************************************************************/
/*****************************************************************************************/
//'--
//'--
//'-- Jeff Atwood
//'-- http://www.codinghorror.com
//'--

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;

//'--
//'-- Generic HANDLED error handling class
//'--
//'-- It's like MessageBox, but specific to handled exceptions, and supports email notifications

namespace ExceptionHandling
{
	public class HandledExceptionManager
	{
		private static bool _blnHaveException = false;
		private static bool _blnEmailError = true;
		private static string _strEmailBody;
		private static string _strExceptionType;

		private const string _strDefaultMore = "No further information is available. If the problem persists, contact (contact).";
		public static bool EmailError
		{
			get { return _blnEmailError; }
			set { _blnEmailError = value; }
		}

		public enum UserErrorDefaultButton
		{
			Default = 0,
			Button1 = 1,
			Button2 = 2,
			Button3 = 3
		}

		//--
		//-- replace generic constants in strings with specific values
		//--
		private static string ReplaceStringVals(string strOutput)
		{
			string strTemp = null;
			if (strOutput == null)
			{
				strTemp = "";
			}
			else
			{
				strTemp = strOutput;
			}
			strTemp = strTemp.Replace("(app)", AppSettings.AppProduct);
			strTemp = strTemp.Replace("(contact)", AppSettings.GetString("UnhandledExceptionManager/ContactInfo"));
			return strTemp;
		}

		//--
		//-- make sure "More" text is populated with something useful
		//--
		private static string GetDefaultMore(string strMoreDetails)
		{
			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(strMoreDetails))
			{
				System.Text.StringBuilder objStringBuilder = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
				var _with1 = objStringBuilder;
				_with1.Append(_strDefaultMore);
				_with1.Append(Environment.NewLine);
				_with1.Append(Environment.NewLine);
				_with1.Append("Basic technical information follows: " + Environment.NewLine);
				_with1.Append("---" + Environment.NewLine);
				_with1.Append(UnhandledExceptionManager.SysInfoToString(true));
				return objStringBuilder.ToString();
			}
			else
			{
				return strMoreDetails;
			}
		}

		//--
		//-- converts exception to a formatted "more" string
		//--
		private static string ExceptionToMore(System.Exception objException)
		{
			System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
			var _with2 = sb;
			if (_blnEmailError)
			{
				_with2.Append("Information about this problem was automatically mailed to ");
				_with2.Append(AppSettings.GetString("UnhandledExceptionManager/EmailTo"));
				_with2.Append(Environment.NewLine + Environment.NewLine);
			}
			_with2.Append("Detailed technical information follows: " + Environment.NewLine);
			_with2.Append("---" + Environment.NewLine);
			string x = UnhandledExceptionManager.ExceptionToString(objException);
			_with2.Append(x);
			return sb.ToString();
		}

		//--
		//-- perform our string replacements for (app) and (contact), etc etc
		//-- also make sure More has default values if it is blank.
		//--

		private static void ProcessStrings(ref string strWhatHappened, ref string strHowUserAffected, ref string strWhatUserCanDo, ref string strMoreDetails)
		{
			strWhatHappened = ReplaceStringVals(strWhatHappened);
			strHowUserAffected = ReplaceStringVals(strHowUserAffected);
			strWhatUserCanDo = ReplaceStringVals(strWhatUserCanDo);
			strMoreDetails = ReplaceStringVals(GetDefaultMore(strMoreDetails));
		}

		//--
		//-- simplest possible error dialog
		//--
		public static DialogResult ShowDialog(string strWhatHappened, string strHowUserAffected, string strWhatUserCanDo)
		{
			_blnHaveException = false;
			return ShowDialogInternal(strWhatHappened, strHowUserAffected, strWhatUserCanDo, "", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Warning, UserErrorDefaultButton.Default);
		}

		//--
		//-- advanced error dialog with Exception object
		//--
		public static DialogResult ShowDialog(string strWhatHappened, string strHowUserAffected, string strWhatUserCanDo, System.Exception objException, MessageBoxButtons Buttons = MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon Icon = MessageBoxIcon.Warning, UserErrorDefaultButton DefaultButton = UserErrorDefaultButton.Default)
		{
			_blnHaveException = true;
			_strExceptionType = objException.GetType().FullName;
			return ShowDialogInternal(strWhatHappened, strHowUserAffected, strWhatUserCanDo, ExceptionToMore(objException), Buttons, Icon, DefaultButton);
		}

		//--
		//-- advanced error dialog with More string
		//-- leave "more" string blank to get the default
		//--
		public static DialogResult ShowDialog(string strWhatHappened, string strHowUserAffected, string strWhatUserCanDo, string strMoreDetails, MessageBoxButtons Buttons = MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon Icon = MessageBoxIcon.Warning, UserErrorDefaultButton DefaultButton = UserErrorDefaultButton.Default)
		{
			_blnHaveException = false;
			return ShowDialogInternal(strWhatHappened, strHowUserAffected, strWhatUserCanDo, strMoreDetails, Buttons, Icon, DefaultButton);
		}

		//--
		//-- internal method to show error dialog
		//--
		private static DialogResult ShowDialogInternal(string strWhatHappened, string strHowUserAffected, string strWhatUserCanDo, string strMoreDetails, MessageBoxButtons Buttons, MessageBoxIcon Icon, UserErrorDefaultButton DefaultButton)
		{
			//-- set default values, etc
			ProcessStrings(ref strWhatHappened, ref strHowUserAffected, ref strWhatUserCanDo, ref strMoreDetails);

			ExceptionDialog objForm = new ExceptionDialog();
			var _with3 = objForm;
			_with3.Text = ReplaceStringVals(objForm.Text);
			_with3.ErrorBox.Text = strWhatHappened;
			_with3.ScopeBox.Text = strHowUserAffected;
			_with3.ActionBox.Text = strWhatUserCanDo;
			_with3.txtMore.Text = strMoreDetails;

			//-- determine what button text, visibility, and defaults are
			var _with4 = objForm;
			switch (Buttons)
			{
				case MessageBoxButtons.AbortRetryIgnore:
					_with4.btn1.Text = "&Abort";
					_with4.btn2.Text = "&Retry";
					_with4.btn3.Text = "&Ignore";
					_with4.AcceptButton = objForm.btn2;
					_with4.CancelButton = objForm.btn3;
					break;
				case MessageBoxButtons.OK:
					_with4.btn3.Text = "OK";
					_with4.btn2.Visible = false;
					_with4.btn1.Visible = false;
					_with4.AcceptButton = objForm.btn3;
					break;
				case MessageBoxButtons.OKCancel:
					_with4.btn3.Text = "Cancel";
					_with4.btn2.Text = "OK";
					_with4.btn1.Visible = false;
					_with4.AcceptButton = objForm.btn2;
					_with4.CancelButton = objForm.btn3;
					break;
				case MessageBoxButtons.RetryCancel:
					_with4.btn3.Text = "Cancel";
					_with4.btn2.Text = "&Retry";
					_with4.btn1.Visible = false;
					_with4.AcceptButton = objForm.btn2;
					_with4.CancelButton = objForm.btn3;
					break;
				case MessageBoxButtons.YesNo:
					_with4.btn3.Text = "&No";
					_with4.btn2.Text = "&Yes";
					_with4.btn1.Visible = false;
					break;
				case MessageBoxButtons.YesNoCancel:
					_with4.btn3.Text = "Cancel";
					_with4.btn2.Text = "&No";
					_with4.btn1.Text = "&Yes";
					_with4.CancelButton = objForm.btn3;
					break;
			}

			////-- set the proper dialog icon
			//switch (Icon) {
			//    case MessageBoxIcon.Error:
			//        objForm.PictureBox1.Image = System.Drawing.SystemIcons.Error.ToBitmap();
			//        break;
			//    case MessageBoxIcon.Stop:
			//        objForm.PictureBox1.Image = System.Drawing.SystemIcons.Error.ToBitmap();
			//        break;
			//    case MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation:
			//        objForm.PictureBox1.Image = System.Drawing.SystemIcons.Exclamation.ToBitmap();
			//        break;
			//    case MessageBoxIcon.Information:
			//        objForm.PictureBox1.Image = System.Drawing.SystemIcons.Information.ToBitmap();
			//        break;
			//    case MessageBoxIcon.Question:
			//        objForm.PictureBox1.Image = System.Drawing.SystemIcons.Question.ToBitmap();
			//        break;
			//    default:
			//        objForm.PictureBox1.Image = System.Drawing.SystemIcons.Error.ToBitmap();
			//        break;
			//}

			//'-- set the proper dialog icon
			MessageBoxIcon PictureBox1 = Icon;
			if (PictureBox1 == MessageBoxIcon.Hand)
			{
				objForm.PictureBox1.Image = SystemIcons.Error.ToBitmap();
			}
			else if (PictureBox1 == MessageBoxIcon.Hand)
			{
				objForm.PictureBox1.Image = SystemIcons.Error.ToBitmap();
			}
			else if (PictureBox1 == MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation)
			{
				objForm.PictureBox1.Image = SystemIcons.Exclamation.ToBitmap();
			}
			else if (PictureBox1 == MessageBoxIcon.Asterisk)
			{
				objForm.PictureBox1.Image = SystemIcons.Information.ToBitmap();
			}
			else if (PictureBox1 == MessageBoxIcon.Question)
			{
				objForm.PictureBox1.Image = SystemIcons.Question.ToBitmap();
			}
			else
			{
				objForm.PictureBox1.Image = SystemIcons.Error.ToBitmap();
			}

			//-- override the default button
			switch (DefaultButton)
			{
				case UserErrorDefaultButton.Button1:
					objForm.AcceptButton = objForm.btn1;
					objForm.btn1.TabIndex = 0;
					break;
				case UserErrorDefaultButton.Button2:
					objForm.AcceptButton = objForm.btn2;
					objForm.btn2.TabIndex = 0;
					break;
				case UserErrorDefaultButton.Button3:
					objForm.AcceptButton = objForm.btn3;
					objForm.btn3.TabIndex = 0;
					break;
			}

			if (_blnEmailError)
			{
				SendNotificationEmail(strWhatHappened, strHowUserAffected, strWhatUserCanDo, strMoreDetails);
			}

			//-- show the user our error dialog
			return objForm.ShowDialog();
		}

		//--
		//-- this is the code that executes in the spawned thread
		//--
		private static void ThreadHandler()
		{
			SimpleMail.SMTPClient smtp = new SimpleMail.SMTPClient();
			SimpleMail.SMTPMailMessage mail = new SimpleMail.SMTPMailMessage();
			var _with5 = mail;
			_with5.To = AppSettings.GetString("UnhandledExceptionManager/EmailTo");
			if (_blnHaveException)
			{
				_with5.Subject = "Handled Exception notification - " + _strExceptionType;
			}
			else
			{
				_with5.Subject = "HandledExceptionManager notification";
			}
			_with5.Body = _strEmailBody;
			//-- try to send email, but we don't care if it succeeds (for now)
			try
			{
				smtp.SendMail(mail);
			}
			catch (Exception e)
			{
				Debug.WriteLine("** SMTP email failed to send!");
				Debug.WriteLine("** " + e.Message);
			}
		}

		//--
		//-- send notification about this error via e-mail
		//--

		private static void SendNotificationEmail(string strWhatHappened, string strHowUserAffected, string strWhatUserCanDo, string strMoreDetails)
		{
			//-- ignore debug exceptions (eg, development testing)?
			if (UnhandledExceptionManager.IgnoreDebugErrors)
			{
				if (AppSettings.DebugMode)
					return;
			}

			System.Text.StringBuilder objStringBuilder = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
			var _with6 = objStringBuilder;
			_with6.Append("What happened:");
			_with6.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			_with6.Append(strWhatHappened);
			_with6.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			_with6.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			_with6.Append("How this will affect the user:");
			_with6.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			_with6.Append(strHowUserAffected);
			_with6.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			_with6.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			_with6.Append("What the user can do about it:");
			_with6.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			_with6.Append(strWhatUserCanDo);
			_with6.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			_with6.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			_with6.Append("More information:");
			_with6.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			_with6.Append(strMoreDetails);
			_with6.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			_with6.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			SendEmail(objStringBuilder.ToString());
		}

		private static void SendEmail(string strEmailBody)
		{
			_strEmailBody = strEmailBody;
			//-- spawn off the email send attempt as a thread for improved throughput
			Thread objThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ThreadHandler));
			objThread.Name = "HandledExceptionEmail";
			objThread.Start();
		}
	}
}


C#
/*****************************************************************************************/
/* ***************************************************************************************
 * UnhandledExceptionManager
 * ***************************************************************************************/
/*****************************************************************************************/
//'--
//'--
//'-- Jeff Atwood
//'-- http://www.codinghorror.com
//'--

using System;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Security.Principal;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;

//'--
//'-- Generic UNHANDLED error handling class
//'--
//'-- Intended as a last resort for errors which crash our application, so we can get feedback on what
//'-- caused the error.
//'--
//'-- To use: UnhandledExceptionManager.AddHandler() in the STARTUP of your application
//'--
//'-- more background information on Exceptions at:
//'--   http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dnbda/html/exceptdotnet.asp

namespace ExceptionHandling
{
	public class UnhandledExceptionManager
	{
		private UnhandledExceptionManager()
		{
			// to keep this class from being creatable as an instance.
		}

		private static bool _blnLogToEventLog;
		private static bool _blnLogToFile;
		private static bool _blnLogToEmail;
		private static bool _blnLogToScreenshot;

		private static bool _blnLogToUI;
		private static bool _blnLogToFileOK;
		private static bool _blnLogToEmailOK;
		private static bool _blnLogToScreenshotOK;

		private static bool _blnLogToEventLogOK;
		private static bool _blnEmailIncludeScreenshot;
		private static System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat _ScreenshotImageFormat = System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Png;
		private static string _strScreenshotFullPath;

		private static string _strLogFullPath;
		private static bool _blnConsoleApp;
		private static System.Reflection.Assembly _objParentAssembly = null;
		private static string _strException;

		private static string _strExceptionType;
		private static bool _blnIgnoreDebugErrors;

		private static bool _blnKillAppOnException;
		private const string _strLogName = "UnhandledExceptionLog.txt";
		private const string _strScreenshotName = "UnhandledException";

		private const string _strClassName = "UnhandledExceptionManager";

		#region "Properties"

		public static bool IgnoreDebugErrors
		{
			get { return _blnIgnoreDebugErrors; }
			set { _blnIgnoreDebugErrors = value; }
		}

		public static bool DisplayDialog
		{
			get { return _blnLogToUI; }
			set { _blnLogToUI = value; }
		}

		public static bool EmailScreenshot
		{
			get { return _blnEmailIncludeScreenshot; }
			set { _blnEmailIncludeScreenshot = value; }
		}

		public static bool KillAppOnException
		{
			get { return _blnKillAppOnException; }
			set { _blnKillAppOnException = value; }
		}

		public static ImageFormat ScreenshotImageFormat
		{
			get { return _ScreenshotImageFormat; }
			set { _ScreenshotImageFormat = value; }
		}

		public static bool LogToFile
		{
			get { return _blnLogToFile; }
			set { _blnLogToFile = value; }
		}

		public static bool LogToEventLog
		{
			get { return _blnLogToEventLog; }
			set { _blnLogToEventLog = value; }
		}

		public static bool SendEmail
		{
			get { return _blnLogToEmail; }
			set { _blnLogToEmail = value; }
		}

		public static bool TakeScreenshot
		{
			get { return _blnLogToScreenshot; }
			set { _blnLogToScreenshot = value; }
		}

		[DllImport("gdi32", EntryPoint = "BitBlt", CharSet = CharSet.Ansi, SetLastError = true, ExactSpelling = true)]

		#endregion "Properties"

		#region "win32api screenshot calls"

		//--
		//-- Windows API calls necessary to support screen capture
		//--
		private static extern int BitBlt(int hDestDC, int x, int y, int nWidth, int nHeight, int hSrcDC, int xSrc, int ySrc, int dwRop);

		[DllImport("user32", EntryPoint = "GetDC", CharSet = CharSet.Ansi, SetLastError = true, ExactSpelling = true)]

		private static extern int GetDC(int hwnd);

		[DllImport("user32", EntryPoint = "ReleaseDC", CharSet = CharSet.Ansi, SetLastError = true, ExactSpelling = true)]

		private static extern int ReleaseDC(int hwnd, int hdc);

		#endregion "win32api screenshot calls"

		private static System.Reflection.Assembly ParentAssembly()
		{
			if (_objParentAssembly == null)
			{
				if (System.Reflection.Assembly.GetEntryAssembly() == null)
				{
					_objParentAssembly = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetCallingAssembly();
				}
				else
				{
					_objParentAssembly = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetEntryAssembly();
				}
			}
			return _objParentAssembly;
		}

		//--
		//-- load some settings that may optionally be present in our .config file
		//-- if they aren't present, we get the defaults as defined here
		//--
		private static void LoadConfigSettings()
		{
			SendEmail = GetConfigBoolean("SendEmail", true);
			TakeScreenshot = GetConfigBoolean("TakeScreenshot", true);
			EmailScreenshot = GetConfigBoolean("EmailScreenshot", true);
			LogToEventLog = GetConfigBoolean("LogToEventLog", false);
			LogToFile = GetConfigBoolean("LogToFile", true);
			DisplayDialog = GetConfigBoolean("DisplayDialog", true);
			IgnoreDebugErrors = GetConfigBoolean("IgnoreDebug", true);
			KillAppOnException = GetConfigBoolean("KillAppOnException", true);
		}

		//--
		//-- This *MUST* be called early in your application to set up global error handling
		//--
		public static void AddHandler(bool blnConsoleApp = false)
		{
			//-- attempt to load optional settings from .config file
			LoadConfigSettings();

			//-- we don't need an unhandled exception handler if we are running inside
			//-- the vs.net IDE; it is our "unhandled exception handler" in that case
			if (_blnIgnoreDebugErrors)
			{
				if (Debugger.IsAttached)
					return;
			}

			//-- track the parent assembly that set up error handling
			//-- need to call this NOW so we set it appropriately; otherwise
			//-- we may get the wrong assembly at exception time!
			ParentAssembly();

			//-- for winforms applications
			Application.ThreadException -= ThreadExceptionHandler;
			Application.ThreadException += ThreadExceptionHandler;

			//-- for console applications
			System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.UnhandledException -= UnhandledExceptionHandler;
			System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.UnhandledException += UnhandledExceptionHandler;

			//-- I cannot find a good way to programatically detect a console app, so that must be specified.
			_blnConsoleApp = blnConsoleApp;
		}

		//--
		//-- handles Application.ThreadException event
		//--
		private static void ThreadExceptionHandler(System.Object sender, System.Threading.ThreadExceptionEventArgs e)
		{
			GenericExceptionHandler(e.Exception);
		}

		//--
		//-- handles AppDomain.CurrentDoamin.UnhandledException event
		//--
		private static void UnhandledExceptionHandler(System.Object sender, UnhandledExceptionEventArgs args)
		{
			Exception objException = (Exception)args.ExceptionObject;
			GenericExceptionHandler(objException);
		}

		//--
		//-- exception-safe file attrib retrieval; we don't care if this fails
		//--
		private static DateTime AssemblyFileTime(System.Reflection.Assembly objAssembly)
		{
			try
			{
				return System.IO.File.GetLastWriteTime(objAssembly.Location);
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				return DateTime.MaxValue;
			}
		}

		//--
		//-- returns build datetime of assembly
		//-- assumes default assembly value in AssemblyInfo:
		//-- <Assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.*")>
		//--
		//-- filesystem create time is used, if revision and build were overridden by user
		//--
		private static DateTime AssemblyBuildDate(System.Reflection.Assembly objAssembly, bool blnForceFileDate = false)
		{
			System.Version objVersion = objAssembly.GetName().Version;
			DateTime dtBuild = default(DateTime);

			if (blnForceFileDate)
			{
				dtBuild = AssemblyFileTime(objAssembly);
			}
			else
			{
				//dtBuild = ((DateTime)"01/01/2000").AddDays(objVersion.Build).AddSeconds(objVersion.Revision * 2);
				dtBuild = Convert.ToDateTime("01/01/2000").AddDays((double)objVersion.Build).AddSeconds((double)(objVersion.Revision * 2));
				if (TimeZone.IsDaylightSavingTime(DateTime.Now, TimeZone.CurrentTimeZone.GetDaylightChanges(DateTime.Now.Year)))
				{
					dtBuild = dtBuild.AddHours(1);
				}
				if (dtBuild > DateTime.Now | objVersion.Build < 730 | objVersion.Revision == 0)
				{
					dtBuild = AssemblyFileTime(objAssembly);
				}
			}

			return dtBuild;
		}

		//--
		//-- turns a single stack frame object into an informative string
		//--
		private static string StackFrameToString(StackFrame sf)
		{
			System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
			int intParam = 0;
			MemberInfo mi = sf.GetMethod();

			var _with1 = sb;
			//-- build method name
			_with1.Append("   ");
			_with1.Append(mi.DeclaringType.Namespace);
			_with1.Append(".");
			_with1.Append(mi.DeclaringType.Name);
			_with1.Append(".");
			_with1.Append(mi.Name);

			//-- build method params
			ParameterInfo[] objParameters = sf.GetMethod().GetParameters();
			ParameterInfo objParameter = null;
			_with1.Append("(");
			intParam = 0;
			foreach (ParameterInfo objParameter_loopVariable in objParameters)
			{
				objParameter = objParameter_loopVariable;
				intParam += 1;
				if (intParam > 1)
					_with1.Append(", ");
				_with1.Append(objParameter.Name);
				_with1.Append(" As ");
				_with1.Append(objParameter.ParameterType.Name);
			}
			_with1.Append(")");
			_with1.Append(Environment.NewLine);

			//-- if source code is available, append location info
			_with1.Append("       ");
			if (sf.GetFileName() == null || sf.GetFileName().Length == 0)
			{
				_with1.Append(System.IO.Path.GetFileName(ParentAssembly().CodeBase));
				//-- native code offset is always available
				_with1.Append(": N ");
				_with1.Append(string.Format("{0:#00000}", sf.GetNativeOffset()));
			}
			else
			{
				_with1.Append(System.IO.Path.GetFileName(sf.GetFileName()));
				_with1.Append(": line ");
				_with1.Append(string.Format("{0:#0000}", sf.GetFileLineNumber()));
				_with1.Append(", col ");
				_with1.Append(string.Format("{0:#00}", sf.GetFileColumnNumber()));
				//-- if IL is available, append IL location info
				if (sf.GetILOffset() != StackFrame.OFFSET_UNKNOWN)
				{
					_with1.Append(", IL ");
					_with1.Append(string.Format("{0:#0000}", sf.GetILOffset()));
				}
			}
			_with1.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			return sb.ToString();
		}

		//--
		//-- enhanced stack trace generator
		//--
		private static string EnhancedStackTrace(StackTrace objStackTrace, string strSkipClassName = "")
		{
			int intFrame = 0;

			System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();

			sb.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			sb.Append("---- Stack Trace ----");
			sb.Append(Environment.NewLine);

			for (intFrame = 0; intFrame <= objStackTrace.FrameCount - 1; intFrame++)
			{
				StackFrame sf = objStackTrace.GetFrame(intFrame);
				MemberInfo mi = sf.GetMethod();

				if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(strSkipClassName) && mi.DeclaringType.Name.IndexOf(strSkipClassName) > -1)
				{
					//-- don't include frames with this name
				}
				else
				{
					sb.Append(StackFrameToString(sf));
				}
			}
			sb.Append(Environment.NewLine);

			return sb.ToString();
		}

		//--
		//-- enhanced stack trace generator (exception)
		//--
		private static string EnhancedStackTrace(Exception objException)
		{
			StackTrace objStackTrace = new StackTrace(objException, true);
			return EnhancedStackTrace(objStackTrace);
		}

		//--
		//-- enhanced stack trace generator (no params)
		//--
		private static string EnhancedStackTrace()
		{
			StackTrace objStackTrace = new StackTrace(true);
			return EnhancedStackTrace(objStackTrace, "ExceptionManager");
		}

		//--
		//-- generic exception handler; the various specific handlers all call into this sub
		//--

		private static void GenericExceptionHandler(Exception objException)
		{
			//-- turn the exception into an informative string
			try
			{
				_strException = ExceptionToString(objException);
				_strExceptionType = objException.GetType().FullName;
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				_strException = "Error '" + ex.Message + "' while generating exception string";
				_strExceptionType = "";
			}

			if (!_blnConsoleApp)
			{
				Cursor.Current = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.WaitCursor;
			}

			//-- log this error to various locations
			try
			{
				//-- screenshot takes around 1 second
				if (_blnLogToScreenshot)
					ExceptionToScreenshot();
				//-- event logging takes < 100ms
				if (_blnLogToEventLog)
					ExceptionToEventLog();
				//-- textfile logging takes < 50ms
				if (_blnLogToFile)
					ExceptionToFile();
				//-- email takes under 1 second
				if (_blnLogToEmail)
					ExceptionToEmail();
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				//-- generic catch because any exceptions inside the UEH
				//-- will cause the code to terminate immediately
			}

			if (!_blnConsoleApp)
			{
				Cursor.Current = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Default;
			}
			//-- display message to the user
			if (_blnLogToUI)
				ExceptionToUI();

			if (_blnKillAppOnException)
			{
				//As far as the email not being send when a user closes the dialog too fast, 
				//I see that you were threading off the email to speed display of the exception 
				//dialog. Well, if the user clicks ok before the SMTP can be sent, the thread 
				//is killed immediately and the email will never make it out. To fix that, I changed 
				//the scope of the objThread to class level and right before the KillApp() call I 
				//do a objThread.Join(new TimeSpan(0, 0, 30)) to wait up to 30 seconds for it's 
				//completion. Now the email is sent reliably. Changing the scope of the objThread 
				//mandated that the class not be static (Shared) anymore, so I changed the relevant 
				//functions and I instantiate an object of the exception handler to AddHandler() with.

				//objThread.Join(new TimeSpan(0, 0, 30));	// to wait 30 seconds for completion
				KillApp();
				Application.Exit();
			}
		}

		//--
		//-- This is in a private routine for .NET security reasons
		//-- if this line of code is in a sub, the entire sub is tagged as full trust
		//--
		private static void KillApp()
		{
			System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().Kill();
		}

		//--
		//-- turns exception into something an average user can hopefully
		//-- understand; still very technical
		//--
		private static string FormatExceptionForUser(bool blnConsoleApp)
		{
			System.Text.StringBuilder objStringBuilder = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
			string strBullet = null;
			if (blnConsoleApp)
			{
				strBullet = "-";
			}
			else
			{
				strBullet = "•";
			}

			var _with2 = objStringBuilder;
			if (!blnConsoleApp)
			{
				_with2.Append("The development team was automatically notified of this problem. ");
				_with2.Append("If you need immediate assistance, contact (contact).");
			}
			_with2.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			_with2.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			_with2.Append("The following information about the error was automatically captured: ");
			_with2.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			_with2.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			if (_blnLogToScreenshot)
			{
				_with2.Append(" ");
				_with2.Append(strBullet);
				_with2.Append(" ");
				if (_blnLogToScreenshotOK)
				{
					_with2.Append("a screenshot was taken of the desktop at:");
					_with2.Append(Environment.NewLine);
					_with2.Append("   ");
					_with2.Append(_strScreenshotFullPath);
				}
				else
				{
					_with2.Append("a screenshot could NOT be taken of the desktop.");
				}
				_with2.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			}
			if (_blnLogToEventLog)
			{
				_with2.Append(" ");
				_with2.Append(strBullet);
				_with2.Append(" ");
				if (_blnLogToEventLogOK)
				{
					_with2.Append("an event was written to the application log");
				}
				else
				{
					_with2.Append("an event could NOT be written to the application log");
				}
				_with2.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			}
			if (_blnLogToFile)
			{
				_with2.Append(" ");
				_with2.Append(strBullet);
				_with2.Append(" ");
				if (_blnLogToFileOK)
				{
					_with2.Append("details were written to a text log at:");
				}
				else
				{
					_with2.Append("details could NOT be written to the text log at:");
				}
				_with2.Append(Environment.NewLine);
				_with2.Append("   ");
				_with2.Append(_strLogFullPath);
				_with2.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			}
			if (_blnLogToEmail)
			{
				_with2.Append(" ");
				_with2.Append(strBullet);
				_with2.Append(" ");
				_with2.Append("attempted to send an email to: ");
				_with2.Append(Environment.NewLine);
				_with2.Append("   ");
				_with2.Append(GetConfigString("EmailTo"));
				_with2.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			}
			_with2.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			_with2.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			_with2.Append("Detailed error information follows:");
			_with2.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			_with2.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			_with2.Append(_strException);
			return objStringBuilder.ToString();
		}

		//--
		//-- display a dialog to the user; otherwise we just terminate with no alert at all!
		//--

		private static void ExceptionToUI()
		{
			const string _strWhatHappened = "There was an unexpected error in (app). This may be due to a programming bug.";
			string _strHowUserAffected = null;
			const string _strWhatUserCanDo = "Restart (app), and try repeating your last action. Try alternative methods of performing the same action.";

			if (UnhandledExceptionManager.KillAppOnException)
			{
				_strHowUserAffected = "When you click OK, (app) will close.";
			}
			else
			{
				_strHowUserAffected = "The action you requested was not performed.";
			}

			if (!_blnConsoleApp)
			{
				//-- don't send ANOTHER email if we are already doing so!
				HandledExceptionManager.EmailError = !SendEmail;
				//-- pop the dialog
				HandledExceptionManager.ShowDialog(_strWhatHappened, _strHowUserAffected, _strWhatUserCanDo, FormatExceptionForUser(false), MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Stop);
			}
			else
			{
				//-- note that writing to console pauses for ENTER
				//-- otherwise console window just terminates immediately
				ExceptionToConsole();
			}
		}

		//--
		//-- for non-web hosted apps, returns:
		//--   "[path]\bin\YourAssemblyName."
		//-- for web hosted apps, returns URL with non-filesystem chars removed:
		//--   "c:\http___domain\path\YourAssemblyName."
		private static string GetApplicationPath()
		{
			if (ParentAssembly().CodeBase.StartsWith("http://"))
			{
				//return "c:\\" + Regex.Replace(ParentAssembly().CodeBase(), "[\\/\\\\\\:\\*\\?\\\"\\<\\>\\|]", "_") + ".";
				return (@"c:\" + Regex.Replace(ParentAssembly().CodeBase, "[\\/\\\\\\:\\*\\?\\\"\\<\\>\\|]", "_") + ".");
			}
			else
			{
				return System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName + ".";
			}
		}

		//--
		//-- take a desktop screenshot of our exception
		//-- note that this fires BEFORE the user clicks on the OK dismissing the crash dialog
		//-- so the crash dialog itself will not be displayed
		//--
		private static void ExceptionToScreenshot()
		{
			//-- note that screenshotname does NOT include the file type extension
			try
			{
				TakeScreenshotPrivate(GetApplicationPath() + _strScreenshotName);
				_blnLogToScreenshotOK = true;
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				_blnLogToScreenshotOK = false;
			}
		}

		//--
		//-- write an exception to the Windows NT event log
		//--
		private static void ExceptionToEventLog()
		{
			try
			{
				System.Diagnostics.EventLog.WriteEntry(System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName, Environment.NewLine + _strException, EventLogEntryType.Error);
				_blnLogToEventLogOK = true;
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				_blnLogToEventLogOK = false;
			}
		}

		//--
		//-- write an exception to the console
		//--
		private static void ExceptionToConsole()
		{
			Console.WriteLine("This application encountered an unexpected problem.");
			Console.WriteLine(FormatExceptionForUser(true));
			Console.WriteLine("The application must now terminate. Press ENTER to continue...");
			Console.ReadLine();
		}

		//--
		//-- write an exception to a text file
		//--
		private static void ExceptionToFile()
		{
			_strLogFullPath = GetApplicationPath() + _strLogName;
			try
			{
				System.IO.StreamWriter objStreamWriter = new System.IO.StreamWriter(_strLogFullPath, true);
				objStreamWriter.Write(_strException);
				objStreamWriter.WriteLine();
				objStreamWriter.Close();
				_blnLogToFileOK = true;
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				_blnLogToFileOK = false;
			}
		}

		//--
		//-- this is the code that executes in the spawned thread
		//--
		private static void ThreadHandler()
		{
			SimpleMail.SMTPClient objMail = new SimpleMail.SMTPClient();
			SimpleMail.SMTPMailMessage objMailMessage = new SimpleMail.SMTPMailMessage();
			var _with3 = objMailMessage;
			_with3.To = GetConfigString("EmailTo", "");
			_with3.Subject = "Unhandled Exception notification - " + _strExceptionType;
			_with3.Body = _strException;
			if (_blnLogToScreenshot & _blnEmailIncludeScreenshot)
			{
				_with3.AttachmentPath = _strScreenshotFullPath;
			}
			try
			{
				// call SendMail method in SimpleMail class
				objMail.SendMail(objMailMessage);
				_blnLogToEmailOK = true;
			}
			catch (Exception e)
			{
				_blnLogToEmailOK = false;
				//-- don't do anything; sometimes SMTP isn't available, which generates an exception
				//-- and an exception in the unhandled exception manager.. is bad news.
				//--MsgBox("exception email failed to send:" + Environment.Newline + Environment.Newline + e.Message)
			}
		}

		//--
		//-- send an exception via email
		//--
		private static void ExceptionToEmail()
		{
			//-- spawn off the email send attempt as a thread for improved throughput
			Thread objThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ThreadHandler));
			objThread.Name = "SendExceptionEmail";
			objThread.Start();
		}

		//--
		//-- exception-safe WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent retrieval returns "domain\username"
		//-- per MS, this sometimes randomly fails with "Access Denied" particularly on NT4
		//--
		private static string CurrentWindowsIdentity()
		{
			try
			{
				//return System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent().Name();
				return WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent().Name;
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				return "";
			}
		}

		//--
		//-- exception-safe "domain\username" retrieval from Environment
		//--
		private static string CurrentEnvironmentIdentity()
		{
			try
			{
				return System.Environment.UserDomainName + "\\" + System.Environment.UserName;
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				return "";
			}
		}

		//--
		//-- retrieve identity with fallback on error to safer method
		//--
		private static string UserIdentity()
		{
			string strTemp = null;
			strTemp = CurrentWindowsIdentity();
			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(strTemp))
			{
				strTemp = CurrentEnvironmentIdentity();
			}
			return strTemp;
		}

		//--
		//-- gather some system information that is helpful to diagnosing
		//-- exception
		//--
		static internal string SysInfoToString(bool blnIncludeStackTrace = false)
		{
			System.Text.StringBuilder objStringBuilder = new System.Text.StringBuilder();

			var _with4 = objStringBuilder;

			_with4.Append("Date and Time:         ");
			_with4.Append(DateTime.Now);
			_with4.Append(Environment.NewLine);

			_with4.Append("Machine Name:          ");
			try
			{
				_with4.Append(Environment.MachineName);
			}
			catch (Exception e)
			{
				_with4.Append(e.Message);
			}
			_with4.Append(Environment.NewLine);

			_with4.Append("IP Address:            ");
			_with4.Append(GetCurrentIP());
			_with4.Append(Environment.NewLine);

			_with4.Append("Current User:          ");
			_with4.Append(UserIdentity());
			_with4.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			_with4.Append(Environment.NewLine);

			_with4.Append("Application Domain:    ");
			try
			{
				//_with4.Append(System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName());
				_with4.Append(System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName);
			}
			catch (Exception e)
			{
				_with4.Append(e.Message);
			}

			_with4.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			_with4.Append("Assembly Codebase:     ");
			try
			{
				//_with4.Append(ParentAssembly().CodeBase());
				_with4.Append(ParentAssembly().CodeBase);
			}
			catch (Exception e)
			{
				_with4.Append(e.Message);
			}
			_with4.Append(Environment.NewLine);

			_with4.Append("Assembly Full Name:    ");
			try
			{
				_with4.Append(ParentAssembly().FullName);
			}
			catch (Exception e)
			{
				_with4.Append(e.Message);
			}
			_with4.Append(Environment.NewLine);

			_with4.Append("Assembly Version:      ");
			try
			{
				//_with4.Append(ParentAssembly().GetName().Version().ToString);
				_with4.Append(ParentAssembly().GetName().Version.ToString());
			}
			catch (Exception e)
			{
				_with4.Append(e.Message);
			}
			_with4.Append(Environment.NewLine);

			_with4.Append("Assembly Build Date:   ");
			try
			{
				_with4.Append(AssemblyBuildDate(ParentAssembly()).ToString());
			}
			catch (Exception e)
			{
				_with4.Append(e.Message);
			}
			_with4.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			_with4.Append(Environment.NewLine);

			if (blnIncludeStackTrace)
			{
				_with4.Append(EnhancedStackTrace());
			}

			return objStringBuilder.ToString();
		}

		//--
		//-- translate exception object to string, with additional system info
		//--
		static internal string ExceptionToString(Exception objException)
		{
			System.Text.StringBuilder objStringBuilder = new System.Text.StringBuilder();

			if ((objException.InnerException != null))
			{
				//-- sometimes the original exception is wrapped in a more relevant outer exception
				//-- the detail exception is the "inner" exception
				//-- see http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dnbda/html/exceptdotnet.asp
				var _with5 = objStringBuilder;
				_with5.Append("(Inner Exception)");
				_with5.Append(Environment.NewLine);
				_with5.Append(ExceptionToString(objException.InnerException));
				_with5.Append(Environment.NewLine);
				_with5.Append("(Outer Exception)");
				_with5.Append(Environment.NewLine);
			}
			var _with6 = objStringBuilder;
			//-- get general system and app information
			_with6.Append(SysInfoToString());

			//-- get exception-specific information
			_with6.Append("Exception Source:      ");
			try
			{
				_with6.Append(objException.Source);
			}
			catch (Exception e)
			{
				_with6.Append(e.Message);
			}
			_with6.Append(Environment.NewLine);

			_with6.Append("Exception Type:        ");
			try
			{
				_with6.Append(objException.GetType().FullName);
			}
			catch (Exception e)
			{
				_with6.Append(e.Message);
			}
			_with6.Append(Environment.NewLine);

			_with6.Append("Exception Message:     ");
			try
			{
				_with6.Append(objException.Message);
			}
			catch (Exception e)
			{
				_with6.Append(e.Message);
			}
			_with6.Append(Environment.NewLine);

			_with6.Append("Exception Target Site: ");
			try
			{
				_with6.Append(objException.TargetSite.Name);
			}
			catch (Exception e)
			{
				_with6.Append(e.Message);
			}
			_with6.Append(Environment.NewLine);

			try
			{
				string x = EnhancedStackTrace(objException);
				_with6.Append(x);
			}
			catch (Exception e)
			{
				_with6.Append(e.Message);
			}
			_with6.Append(Environment.NewLine);

			return objStringBuilder.ToString();
		}

		//--
		//-- returns ImageCodecInfo for the specified MIME type
		//--
		private static ImageCodecInfo GetEncoderInfo(string strMimeType)
		{
			int j = 0;
			System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageCodecInfo[] objImageCodecInfo = null;
			objImageCodecInfo = System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageCodecInfo.GetImageEncoders();

			j = 0;
			while (j < objImageCodecInfo.Length)
			{
				if (objImageCodecInfo[j].MimeType == strMimeType)
				{
					return objImageCodecInfo[j];
				}
				j += 1;
			}

			return null;
		}

		//--
		//-- save bitmap object to JPEG of specified quality level
		//--
		private static void BitmapToJPEG(Bitmap objBitmap, string strFilename, long lngCompression = 75)
		{
			System.Drawing.Imaging.EncoderParameters objEncoderParameters = new System.Drawing.Imaging.EncoderParameters(1);
			System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageCodecInfo objImageCodecInfo = GetEncoderInfo("image/jpeg");

			objEncoderParameters.Param[0] = new System.Drawing.Imaging.EncoderParameter(System.Drawing.Imaging.Encoder.Quality, lngCompression);
			objBitmap.Save(strFilename, objImageCodecInfo, objEncoderParameters);
		}

		//--
		//-- takes a screenshot of the desktop and saves to filename and format specified
		//--
		private static void TakeScreenshotPrivate(string strFilename)
		{
			Rectangle objRectangle = Screen.PrimaryScreen.Bounds;
			Bitmap objBitmap = new Bitmap(objRectangle.Right, objRectangle.Bottom);
			Graphics objGraphics = null;
			IntPtr hdcDest = default(IntPtr);
			int hdcSrc = 0;
			const int SRCCOPY = 0xcc0020;
			string strFormatExtension = null;

			//objGraphics = objGraphics.FromImage(objBitmap);
			objGraphics = Graphics.FromImage(objBitmap);

			//-- get a device context to the windows desktop and our destination  bitmaps
			hdcSrc = GetDC(0);
			hdcDest = objGraphics.GetHdc();
			//-- copy what is on the desktop to the bitmap
			BitBlt(hdcDest.ToInt32(), 0, 0, objRectangle.Right, objRectangle.Bottom, hdcSrc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
			//-- release device contexts
			objGraphics.ReleaseHdc(hdcDest);
			ReleaseDC(0, hdcSrc);

			strFormatExtension = _ScreenshotImageFormat.ToString().ToLower();
			if (System.IO.Path.GetExtension(strFilename) != "." + strFormatExtension)
			{
				strFilename += "." + strFormatExtension;
			}
			switch (strFormatExtension)
			{
				case "jpeg":
					BitmapToJPEG(objBitmap, strFilename, 80);
					break;
				default:
					objBitmap.Save(strFilename, _ScreenshotImageFormat);
					break;
			}

			//-- save the complete path/filename of the screenshot for possible later use
			_strScreenshotFullPath = strFilename;
		}


		// The code below (TakeScreenShot and ScreenShot) is used for taking screenshots of dual monitors
		//private void TakeScreenShot(Control windowToShoot)
		//{
		//    string fileName = "c:\\temp\\ScreenShot";
		//    Screen[] screensToProcess;

		//    if (windowToShoot == null)
		//        screensToProcess = Screen.AllScreens;
		//    else
		//        screensToProcess = new Screen[] { Screen.FromControl(windowToShoot) };

		//    for (int i = 0; i < screensToProcess.Length; i++)
		//    {
		//        string thisFileName = string.Format("{0}_Screen{1}.png", fileName, (i + 1));
		//        ScreenShot(screensToProcess[i], thisFileName);
		//    }
		//}

		//private void ScreenShot(Screen screen, string fileName)
		//{
		//    Size imageSize = new Size(screen.WorkingArea.Width, screen.WorkingArea.Height);

		//    Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(imageSize.Width, imageSize.Height, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);

		//    Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bitmap);
		//    g.CopyFromScreen(screen.WorkingArea.X, screen.WorkingArea.Y,
		//    0, 0,
		//    imageSize);

		//    bitmap.Save(fileName, ImageFormat.Png);
		//}


		//--
		//-- get IP address of this machine
		//-- not an ideal method for a number of reasons (guess why!)
		//-- but the alternatives are very ugly
		//--
		private static string GetCurrentIP()
		{
			try
			{
				string strIP = System.Net.Dns.GetHostByName(System.Net.Dns.GetHostName()).AddressList[0].ToString();
				return strIP;
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				return "127.0.0.1";
			}
		}

		const string _strKeyNotPresent = "The key <{0}> is not present in the <appSettings> section of .config file";

		const string _strKeyError = "Error {0} retrieving key <{1}> from <appSettings> section of .config file";

		//--
		//-- Returns the specified String value from the application .config file,
		//-- with many fail-safe checks (exceptions, key not present, etc)
		//--
		//-- this is important in an *unhandled exception handler*, because any unhandled exceptions will simply exit!
		//--
		private static string GetConfigString(string strKey, string strDefault = null)
		{
			try
			{
				string strTemp = Convert.ToString(ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings.Get(_strClassName + "/" + strKey));
				if (strTemp == null)
				{
					if (strDefault == null)
					{
						return string.Format(_strKeyNotPresent, _strClassName + "/" + strKey);
					}
					else
					{
						return strDefault;
					}
				}
				else
				{
					return strTemp;
				}
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				if (strDefault == null)
				{
					return string.Format(_strKeyError, ex.Message, _strClassName + "/" + strKey);
				}
				else
				{
					return strDefault;
				}
			}
		}

		//--
		//-- Returns the specified boolean value from the application .config file,
		//-- with many fail-safe checks (exceptions, key not present, etc)
		//--
		//-- this is important in an *unhandled exception handler*, because any unhandled exceptions will simply exit!
		//--
		//private static bool GetConfigBoolean(string strKey, bool blnDefault = null)
		private static bool GetConfigBoolean(string strKey, [Optional, DefaultParameterValue(false)] bool blnDefault)
		{
			string strTemp = null;
			try
			{
				strTemp = ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings.Get(_strClassName + "/" + strKey);
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				if (blnDefault == null)
				{
					return false;
				}
				else
				{
					return blnDefault;
				}
			}

			if (strTemp == null)
			{
				if (blnDefault == null)
				{
					return false;
				}
				else
				{
					return blnDefault;
				}
			}
			else
			{
				switch (strTemp.ToLower())
				{
					case "1":
					case "true":
						return true;
					default:
						return false;
				}
			}
		}
	}
}


C#
/*****************************************************************************************/
/* ***************************************************************************************
 * SimpleMail.cs
 * ***************************************************************************************/
/*****************************************************************************************/
//'--
//'--
//'-- Jeff Atwood
//'-- http://www.codinghorror.com
//'--

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;

//'--
//'-- a simple class for trivial SMTP mail support
//'--
//'-- basic features:
//'--
//'--   ** trivial SMTP implementation
//'--   ** HTML body
//'--   ** plain text body
//'--   ** one file attachment
//'--   ** basic retry mechanism

namespace ExceptionHandling
{
	public class SimpleMail
	{
		public class SMTPMailMessage
		{
			public string From;
			public string To;
			public string Subject;
			public string Body;
			public string BodyHTML;
			public string AttachmentPath;
		}

		public class SMTPClient
		{
			private const int _intBufferSize = 1024;
			private const int _intResponseTimeExpected = 10;
			private const int _intResponseTimeMax = 750;
			private const string _strAddressSeperator = ";";
			private const int _intMaxRetries = 5;
			private const bool _blnDebugMode = true;

			private const bool _blnPlainTextOnly = false;
			private string _strDefaultDomain = "netgain.internal";
			private string _strServer = "blue.netgain.internal";

			private int _intPort = 25;
			private string _strUserName = "";

			private string _strUserPassword = "";
			private int _intRetries = 1;

			private string _strLastResponse;

			public string AuthUser
			{
				get { return _strUserName; }
				set { _strUserName = value; }
			}

			public string AuthPassword
			{
				get { return _strUserPassword; }
				set { _strUserPassword = value; }
			}

			public int Port
			{
				get { return _intPort; }
				set { _intPort = value; }
			}

			public string Server
			{
				get { return _strServer; }
				set { _strServer = value; }
			}

			public string DefaultDomain
			{
				get { return _strDefaultDomain; }
				set { _strDefaultDomain = value; }
			}

			//--
			//-- send data over the current network connection
			//--
			private void SendData(TcpClient tcp, string strData)
			{
				NetworkStream objNetworkStream = tcp.GetStream();
				byte[] bytWriteBuffer = new byte[strData.Length + 1];
				System.Text.UTF8Encoding en = new System.Text.UTF8Encoding();

				bytWriteBuffer = en.GetBytes(strData);
				objNetworkStream.Write(bytWriteBuffer, 0, bytWriteBuffer.Length);
			}

			//--
			//-- get data from the current network connection
			//--
			private string GetData(TcpClient tcp)
			{
				System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream objNetworkStream = tcp.GetStream();

				if (objNetworkStream.DataAvailable)
				{
					byte[] bytReadBuffer = null;
					int intStreamSize = 0;
					bytReadBuffer = new byte[_intBufferSize + 1];
					intStreamSize = objNetworkStream.Read(bytReadBuffer, 0, bytReadBuffer.Length);
					System.Text.UTF8Encoding en = new System.Text.UTF8Encoding();
					return en.GetString(bytReadBuffer);
				}
				else
				{
					return "";
				}
			}

			//--
			//-- issue a required SMTP command
			//--

			private void Command(TcpClient tcp, string strCommand, string strExpectedResponse = "250")
			{
				if (!CommandInternal(tcp, strCommand, strExpectedResponse))
				{
					tcp.Close();
					throw new Exception("SMTP server at " + _strServer.ToString() + ":" + _intPort.ToString() + " was provided command '" + strCommand + "', but did not return the expected response '" + strExpectedResponse + "':" + Environment.NewLine + _strLastResponse);
				}
			}

			//--
			//-- issue a SMTP command
			//--
			private bool CommandInternal(TcpClient tcp, string strCommand, string strExpectedResponse = "250")
			{
				int intResponseTime = 0;

				//-- send the command over the socket with a trailing cr/lf
				if (strCommand.Length > 0)
				{
					SendData(tcp, strCommand + Environment.NewLine);
				}

				//-- wait until we get a response, or time out
				_strLastResponse = "";
				intResponseTime = 0;
				while ((string.IsNullOrEmpty(_strLastResponse)) & (intResponseTime <= _intResponseTimeMax))
				{
					intResponseTime += _intResponseTimeExpected;
					_strLastResponse = GetData(tcp);
					//Thread.CurrentThread.Sleep(_intResponseTimeExpected);
					Thread.Sleep(_intResponseTimeExpected);
				}

				//-- this is helpful for debugging SMTP problems
				if (_blnDebugMode)
				{
					Debug.WriteLine("SMTP >> " + strCommand + " (after " + intResponseTime.ToString() + "ms)");
					Debug.WriteLine("SMTP << " + _strLastResponse);
				}

				//-- if we have a response, check the first 10 characters for the expected response code
				if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_strLastResponse))
				{
					if (_blnDebugMode)
					{
						Debug.WriteLine("** EXPECTED RESPONSE " + strExpectedResponse + " NOT RETURNED **");
					}
					return false;
				}
				else
				{
					return (_strLastResponse.IndexOf(strExpectedResponse, 0, 10) != -1);
				}
			}

			//--
			//-- send mail with integrated retry mechanism
			//--
			public bool SendMail(SMTPMailMessage mail)
			{
				int intRetryInterval = 333;
				try
				{
					SendMailInternal(mail);
				}
				catch (Exception ex)
				{
					_intRetries += 1;
					if (_intRetries <= _intMaxRetries)
					{
						//Thread.CurrentThread.Sleep(intRetryInterval);
						Thread.Sleep(intRetryInterval);
						SendMail(mail);
					}
					else
					{
						throw;
					}
				}
				//Console.WriteLine("sent after " & _intRetries.ToString)
				_intRetries = 1;
				return true;
			}

			//--
			//-- send an email via trivial SMTP
			//--
			private void SendMailInternal(SMTPMailMessage mail)
			{
				IPHostEntry iphost = null;
				TcpClient tcp = new TcpClient();

				//-- resolve server text name to an IP address
				try
				{
					iphost = Dns.GetHostByName(_strServer);
				}
				catch (Exception e)
				{
					throw new Exception("Unable to resolve server name " + _strServer, e);
				}

				//-- attempt to connect to the server by IP address and port number
				try
				{
					tcp.Connect(iphost.AddressList[0], _intPort);
				}
				catch (Exception e)
				{
					throw new Exception("Unable to connect to SMTP server at " + _strServer.ToString() + ":" + _intPort.ToString(), e);
				}

				//-- make sure we get the SMTP welcome message
				//Interaction.Command(tcp, "", "220");
				//Interaction.Command(tcp, "HELO " + Environment.MachineName);
				Command(tcp, "", "220");
				Command(tcp, "HELO " + Environment.MachineName, "250");

				//--
				//-- authenticate if we have username and password
				//-- http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2554.txt
				//--
				//if (Strings.Len(_strUserName + _strUserPassword) > 0)
				if ((_strUserName + _strUserPassword).Length > 0)
				{
					//Interaction.Command(tcp, "auth login", "334 VXNlcm5hbWU6");
					////VXNlcm5hbWU6=base64'Username:'
					//Interaction.Command(tcp, ToBase64(_strUserName), "334 UGFzc3dvcmQ6");
					////UGFzc3dvcmQ6=base64'Password:'
					//Interaction.Command(tcp, ToBase64(_strUserPassword), "235");
					//Command(tcp, "auth login", "334 VXNlcm5hbWU6");
					//Command(tcp, ToBase64(_strUserName), "334 UGFzc3dvcmQ6");
					Command(tcp, "auth login", "334 VXN");
					Command(tcp, ToBase64(_strUserName), "334 UGF");
					Command(tcp, ToBase64(_strUserPassword), "235");
				}

				if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(mail.From))
				{
					mail.From = System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName.ToLower() + "@" + Environment.MachineName.ToLower() + "." + _strDefaultDomain;
				}
				//Interaction.Command(tcp, "MAIL FROM: <" + mail.From + ">");
				Command(tcp, "MAIL FROM: <" + mail.From + ">", "250");

				//-- send email to more than one recipient
				string[] arRecipients = mail.To.Split(_strAddressSeperator.ToCharArray());
				string strRecipient = null;
				foreach (string strRecipient_loopVariable in arRecipients)
				{
					strRecipient = strRecipient_loopVariable;
					//Interaction.Command(tcp, "RCPT TO: <" + strRecipient + ">");
					Command(tcp, "RCPT TO: <" + strRecipient + ">", "250");
				}

				//Interaction.Command(tcp, "DATA", "354");
				Command(tcp, "DATA", "354");

				System.Text.StringBuilder objStringBuilder = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
				var _with1 = objStringBuilder;
				//-- write common email headers
				_with1.Append("To: " + mail.To + Environment.NewLine);
				_with1.Append("From: " + mail.From + Environment.NewLine);
				_with1.Append("Subject: " + mail.Subject + Environment.NewLine);

				if (_blnPlainTextOnly)
				{
					//-- write plain text body
					_with1.Append(Environment.NewLine + mail.Body + Environment.NewLine);
				}
				else
				{
					string strContentType = null;
					//-- typical case; mixed content will be displayed side-by-side
					strContentType = "multipart/mixed";
					//-- unusual case; text and HTML body are both included, let the reader determine which it can handle
					if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(mail.Body) & !string.IsNullOrEmpty(mail.BodyHTML))
					{
						strContentType = "multipart/alternative";
					}

					_with1.Append("MIME-Version: 1.0" + Environment.NewLine);
					_with1.Append("Content-Type: " + strContentType + "; boundary=\"NextMimePart\"" + Environment.NewLine);
					_with1.Append("Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit" + Environment.NewLine);
					// -- default content (for non-MIME compliant email clients, should be extremely rare)
					_with1.Append("This message is in MIME format. Since your mail reader does not understand " + Environment.NewLine);
					_with1.Append("this format, some or all of this message may not be legible." + Environment.NewLine);
					//-- handle text body (if any)
					if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(mail.Body))
					{
						_with1.Append(Environment.NewLine + "--NextMimePart" + Environment.NewLine);
						_with1.Append("Content-Type: text/plain;" + Environment.NewLine);
						_with1.Append(Environment.NewLine + mail.Body + Environment.NewLine);
					}
					// -- handle HTML body (if any)
					if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(mail.BodyHTML))
					{
						_with1.Append(Environment.NewLine + "--NextMimePart" + Environment.NewLine);
						_with1.Append("Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" + Environment.NewLine);
						_with1.Append(Environment.NewLine + mail.BodyHTML + Environment.NewLine);
					}
					//-- handle attachment (if any)
					if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(mail.AttachmentPath))
					{
						_with1.Append(FileToMimeString(mail.AttachmentPath));
					}
				}
				//-- <crlf>.<crlf> marks end of message content
				_with1.Append(Environment.NewLine + "." + Environment.NewLine);

				//Interaction.Command(tcp, objStringBuilder.ToString());
				//Interaction.Command(tcp, "QUIT", "");
				Command(tcp, objStringBuilder.ToString(), "250");
				Command(tcp, "QUIT", "");
				tcp.Close();
			}

			//--
			//-- turn a file into a base 64 string
			//--
			private string FileToMimeString(string strFilepath)
			{
				System.IO.FileStream objFilestream = null;
				System.Text.StringBuilder objStringBuilder = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
				//-- note that chunk size is equal to maximum line width
				const int intChunkSize = 75;
				byte[] bytRead = new byte[intChunkSize + 1];
				int intRead = 0;
				string strFilename = null;

				//-- get just the filename out of the path
				strFilename = System.IO.Path.GetFileName(strFilepath);

				var _with2 = objStringBuilder;
				_with2.Append(Environment.NewLine + "--NextMimePart" + Environment.NewLine);
				_with2.Append("Content-Type: application/octet-stream; name=\"" + strFilename + "\"" + Environment.NewLine);
				_with2.Append("Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64" + Environment.NewLine);
				_with2.Append("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=\"" + strFilename + "\"" + Environment.NewLine);
				_with2.Append(Environment.NewLine);

				objFilestream = new System.IO.FileStream(strFilepath, System.IO.FileMode.Open, System.IO.FileAccess.Read);
				intRead = objFilestream.Read(bytRead, 0, intChunkSize);
				while (intRead > 0)
				{
					objStringBuilder.Append(System.Convert.ToBase64String(bytRead, 0, intRead));
					objStringBuilder.Append(Environment.NewLine);
					intRead = objFilestream.Read(bytRead, 0, intChunkSize);
				}
				objFilestream.Close();

				return objStringBuilder.ToString();
			}

			private static string ToBase64(string data)
			{
				System.Text.UTF8Encoding Encoder = new System.Text.UTF8Encoding();
				return Convert.ToBase64String(Encoder.GetBytes(data));
			}
		}
	}
}


C#
/*****************************************************************************************/
/* ***************************************************************************************
 * ExceptionDialogue.cs
 * ***************************************************************************************/
/*****************************************************************************************/
//'--
//'--
//'-- Jeff Atwood
//'-- http://www.codinghorror.com
//'--

//-- Generic user error dialog
//--
//'-- UI adapted from
//'--
//'-- Alan Cooper's "About Face: The Essentials of User Interface Design"
//'-- Chapter VII, "The End of Errors", pages 423-440


using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace ExceptionHandling
{
	internal class ExceptionDialog : System.Windows.Forms.Form
	{
		#region " Windows Form Designer generated code "

		public ExceptionDialog()
			: base()
		{
			Load += UserErrorDialog_Load;

			//This call is required by the Windows Form Designer.
			InitializeComponent();

			//Add any initialization after the InitializeComponent() call
		}

		//Form overrides dispose to clean up the component list.
		protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
		{
			if (disposing)
			{
				if ((components != null))
				{
					components.Dispose();
				}
			}
			base.Dispose(disposing);
		}

		//Required by the Windows Form Designer

		private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components;
		//NOTE: The following procedure is required by the Windows Form Designer
		//It can be modified using the Windows Form Designer.
		//Do not modify it using the code editor.
		private System.Windows.Forms.Button withEventsField_btn1;

		internal System.Windows.Forms.Button btn1
		{
			get { return withEventsField_btn1; }
			set
			{
				if (withEventsField_btn1 != null)
				{
					withEventsField_btn1.Click -= btn1_Click;
				}
				withEventsField_btn1 = value;
				if (withEventsField_btn1 != null)
				{
					withEventsField_btn1.Click += btn1_Click;
				}
			}
		}

		private System.Windows.Forms.Button withEventsField_btn2;

		internal System.Windows.Forms.Button btn2
		{
			get { return withEventsField_btn2; }
			set
			{
				if (withEventsField_btn2 != null)
				{
					withEventsField_btn2.Click -= btn2_Click;
				}
				withEventsField_btn2 = value;
				if (withEventsField_btn2 != null)
				{
					withEventsField_btn2.Click += btn2_Click;
				}
			}
		}

		private System.Windows.Forms.Button withEventsField_btn3;

		internal System.Windows.Forms.Button btn3
		{
			get { return withEventsField_btn3; }
			set
			{
				if (withEventsField_btn3 != null)
				{
					withEventsField_btn3.Click -= btn3_Click;
				}
				withEventsField_btn3 = value;
				if (withEventsField_btn3 != null)
				{
					withEventsField_btn3.Click += btn3_Click;
				}
			}
		}

		internal System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox PictureBox1;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.Label lblErrorHeading;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.Label lblScopeHeading;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.Label lblActionHeading;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.Label lblMoreHeading;
		internal System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtMore;
		private System.Windows.Forms.Button withEventsField_btnMore;

		internal System.Windows.Forms.Button btnMore
		{
			get { return withEventsField_btnMore; }
			set
			{
				if (withEventsField_btnMore != null)
				{
					withEventsField_btnMore.Click -= btnMore_Click;
				}
				withEventsField_btnMore = value;
				if (withEventsField_btnMore != null)
				{
					withEventsField_btnMore.Click += btnMore_Click;
				}
			}
		}

		private System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox withEventsField_ErrorBox;

		internal System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox ErrorBox
		{
			get { return withEventsField_ErrorBox; }
			set
			{
				if (withEventsField_ErrorBox != null)
				{
					withEventsField_ErrorBox.LinkClicked -= ErrorBox_LinkClicked;
				}
				withEventsField_ErrorBox = value;
				if (withEventsField_ErrorBox != null)
				{
					withEventsField_ErrorBox.LinkClicked += ErrorBox_LinkClicked;
				}
			}
		}

		private System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox withEventsField_ScopeBox;

		internal System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox ScopeBox
		{
			get { return withEventsField_ScopeBox; }
			set
			{
				if (withEventsField_ScopeBox != null)
				{
					withEventsField_ScopeBox.LinkClicked -= ScopeBox_LinkClicked;
				}
				withEventsField_ScopeBox = value;
				if (withEventsField_ScopeBox != null)
				{
					withEventsField_ScopeBox.LinkClicked += ScopeBox_LinkClicked;
				}
			}
		}

		private System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox withEventsField_ActionBox;

		internal System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox ActionBox
		{
			get { return withEventsField_ActionBox; }
			set
			{
				if (withEventsField_ActionBox != null)
				{
					withEventsField_ActionBox.LinkClicked -= ActionBox_LinkClicked;
				}
				withEventsField_ActionBox = value;
				if (withEventsField_ActionBox != null)
				{
					withEventsField_ActionBox.LinkClicked += ActionBox_LinkClicked;
				}
			}
		}

		[System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThrough()]
		private void InitializeComponent()
		{
			this.PictureBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox();
			this.lblErrorHeading = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
			this.ErrorBox = new System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox();
			this.lblScopeHeading = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
			this.ScopeBox = new System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox();
			this.lblActionHeading = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
			this.ActionBox = new System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox();
			this.lblMoreHeading = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
			this.btn1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
			this.btn2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
			this.btn3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
			this.txtMore = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
			this.btnMore = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
			this.SuspendLayout();
			//
			//PictureBox1
			//
			this.PictureBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 8);
			this.PictureBox1.Name = "PictureBox1";
			this.PictureBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(32, 32);
			this.PictureBox1.TabIndex = 0;
			this.PictureBox1.TabStop = false;
			//
			//lblErrorHeading
			//
			this.lblErrorHeading.AutoSize = true;
			this.lblErrorHeading.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Tahoma", 8f, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold);
			this.lblErrorHeading.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(48, 4);
			this.lblErrorHeading.Name = "lblErrorHeading";
			this.lblErrorHeading.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(91, 16);
			this.lblErrorHeading.TabIndex = 0;
			this.lblErrorHeading.Text = "What happened";
			//
			//ErrorBox
			//
			this.ErrorBox.Anchor = (System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Top | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left) | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right);
			this.ErrorBox.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Control;
			this.ErrorBox.BorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.None;
			this.ErrorBox.CausesValidation = false;
			this.ErrorBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(48, 24);
			this.ErrorBox.Name = "ErrorBox";
			this.ErrorBox.ReadOnly = true;
			this.ErrorBox.ScrollBars = System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBoxScrollBars.Vertical;
			this.ErrorBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(416, 64);
			this.ErrorBox.TabIndex = 1;
			this.ErrorBox.Text = "(error message)";
			//
			//lblScopeHeading
			//
			this.lblScopeHeading.AutoSize = true;
			this.lblScopeHeading.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Tahoma", 8f, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold);
			this.lblScopeHeading.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 92);
			this.lblScopeHeading.Name = "lblScopeHeading";
			this.lblScopeHeading.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(134, 16);
			this.lblScopeHeading.TabIndex = 2;
			this.lblScopeHeading.Text = "How this will affect you";
			//
			//ScopeBox
			//
			this.ScopeBox.Anchor = (System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Top | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left) | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right);
			this.ScopeBox.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Control;
			this.ScopeBox.BorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.None;
			this.ScopeBox.CausesValidation = false;
			this.ScopeBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(24, 112);
			this.ScopeBox.Name = "ScopeBox";
			this.ScopeBox.ReadOnly = true;
			this.ScopeBox.ScrollBars = System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBoxScrollBars.Vertical;
			this.ScopeBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(440, 64);
			this.ScopeBox.TabIndex = 3;
			this.ScopeBox.Text = "(scope)";
			//
			//lblActionHeading
			//
			this.lblActionHeading.AutoSize = true;
			this.lblActionHeading.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Tahoma", 8f, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold);
			this.lblActionHeading.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 180);
			this.lblActionHeading.Name = "lblActionHeading";
			this.lblActionHeading.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(143, 16);
			this.lblActionHeading.TabIndex = 4;
			this.lblActionHeading.Text = "What you can do about it";
			//
			//ActionBox
			//
			this.ActionBox.Anchor = (System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Top | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left) | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right);
			this.ActionBox.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Control;
			this.ActionBox.BorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.None;
			this.ActionBox.CausesValidation = false;
			this.ActionBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(24, 200);
			this.ActionBox.Name = "ActionBox";
			this.ActionBox.ReadOnly = true;
			this.ActionBox.ScrollBars = System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBoxScrollBars.Vertical;
			this.ActionBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(440, 92);
			this.ActionBox.TabIndex = 5;
			this.ActionBox.Text = "(action)";
			//
			//lblMoreHeading
			//
			this.lblMoreHeading.AutoSize = true;
			this.lblMoreHeading.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Tahoma", 8f, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold);
			this.lblMoreHeading.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 300);
			this.lblMoreHeading.Name = "lblMoreHeading";
			this.lblMoreHeading.TabIndex = 6;
			this.lblMoreHeading.Text = "More information";
			//
			//btn1
			//
			this.btn1.Anchor = (System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)(System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Bottom | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right);
			this.btn1.DialogResult = System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.Cancel;
			this.btn1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(220, 544);
			this.btn1.Name = "btn1";
			this.btn1.TabIndex = 9;
			this.btn1.Text = "Button1";
			//
			//btn2
			//
			this.btn2.Anchor = (System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)(System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Bottom | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right);
			this.btn2.DialogResult = System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.Cancel;
			this.btn2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(304, 544);
			this.btn2.Name = "btn2";
			this.btn2.TabIndex = 10;
			this.btn2.Text = "Button2";
			//
			//btn3
			//
			this.btn3.Anchor = (System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)(System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Bottom | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right);
			this.btn3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(388, 544);
			this.btn3.Name = "btn3";
			this.btn3.TabIndex = 11;
			this.btn3.Text = "Button3";
			//
			//txtMore
			//
			this.txtMore.Anchor = (System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)(((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Top | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Bottom) | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left) | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right);
			this.txtMore.CausesValidation = false;
			this.txtMore.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Lucida Console", 8.25f, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, Convert.ToByte(0));
			this.txtMore.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 324);
			this.txtMore.Multiline = true;
			this.txtMore.Name = "txtMore";
			this.txtMore.ReadOnly = true;
			this.txtMore.ScrollBars = System.Windows.Forms.ScrollBars.Vertical;
			this.txtMore.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(456, 212);
			this.txtMore.TabIndex = 8;
			this.txtMore.Text = "(detailed information, such as exception details)";
			//
			//btnMore
			//
			this.btnMore.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(112, 296);
			this.btnMore.Name = "btnMore";
			this.btnMore.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(28, 24);
			this.btnMore.TabIndex = 7;
			this.btnMore.Text = ">>";
			//
			//ExceptionDialog
			//
			this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13);
			this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(472, 573);
			this.Controls.Add(this.btnMore);
			this.Controls.Add(this.txtMore);
			this.Controls.Add(this.btn3);
			this.Controls.Add(this.btn2);
			this.Controls.Add(this.btn1);
			this.Controls.Add(this.lblMoreHeading);
			this.Controls.Add(this.lblActionHeading);
			this.Controls.Add(this.lblScopeHeading);
			this.Controls.Add(this.lblErrorHeading);
			this.Controls.Add(this.ActionBox);
			this.Controls.Add(this.ScopeBox);
			this.Controls.Add(this.ErrorBox);
			this.Controls.Add(this.PictureBox1);
			this.MinimizeBox = false;
			this.Name = "ExceptionDialog";
			this.SizeGripStyle = System.Windows.Forms.SizeGripStyle.Show;
			this.StartPosition = System.Windows.Forms.FormStartPosition.CenterScreen;
			this.Text = "(app) has encountered a problem";
			this.TopMost = true;
			this.ResumeLayout(false);
		}

		#endregion " Windows Form Designer generated code "

		const int _intSpacing = 10;

		//--
		//-- security-safe process.start wrapper
		//--
		private void LaunchLink(string strUrl)
		{
			try
			{
				System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(strUrl);
			}
			catch (System.Security.SecurityException ex)
			{
				//-- do nothing; we can't launch without full trust.
			}
		}

		private void SizeBox(System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox ctl)
		{
			Graphics g = null;
			try
			{
				//-- note that the height is taken as MAXIMUM, so size the label for maximum desired height!
				g = Graphics.FromHwnd(ctl.Handle);
				SizeF objSizeF = g.MeasureString(ctl.Text, ctl.Font, new SizeF(ctl.Width, ctl.Height));
				g.Dispose();
				ctl.Height = Convert.ToInt32(objSizeF.Height) + 5;
			}
			catch (System.Security.SecurityException ex)
			{
				//-- do nothing; we can't set control sizes without full trust
			}
			finally
			{
				if ((g != null))
					g.Dispose();
			}
		}

		private System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult DetermineDialogResult(string strButtonText)
		{
			DialogResult returnVal = DialogResult.None;

			//-- strip any accelerator keys we might have
			strButtonText = strButtonText.Replace("&", "");
			switch (strButtonText.ToLower())
			{
				case "abort":
					return System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.Abort;
					break;
				case "cancel":
					return System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.Cancel;
					break;
				case "ignore":
					return System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.Ignore;
					break;
				case "no":
					return System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.No;
					break;
				case "none":
					return System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.None;
					break;
				case "ok":
					return System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.OK;
					break;
				case "retry":
					return System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.Retry;
					break;
				case "yes":
					return System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.Yes;
					break;
			}
			return returnVal;
		}

		private void btn1_Click(System.Object sender, System.EventArgs e)
		{
			this.Close();
			this.DialogResult = DetermineDialogResult(btn1.Text);
		}

		private void btn2_Click(System.Object sender, System.EventArgs e)
		{
			this.Close();
			this.DialogResult = DetermineDialogResult(btn2.Text);
		}

		private void btn3_Click(System.Object sender, System.EventArgs e)
		{
			this.Close();
			this.DialogResult = DetermineDialogResult(btn3.Text);
		}

		private void UserErrorDialog_Load(System.Object sender, System.EventArgs e)
		{
			//-- make sure our window is on top
			this.TopMost = true;
			this.TopMost = false;

			//-- More >> has to be expanded
			this.txtMore.Anchor = System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.None;
			this.txtMore.Visible = false;

			//-- size the labels' height to accommodate the amount of text in them
			SizeBox(ScopeBox);
			SizeBox(ActionBox);
			SizeBox(ErrorBox);

			//-- now shift everything up
			lblScopeHeading.Top = ErrorBox.Top + ErrorBox.Height + _intSpacing;
			ScopeBox.Top = lblScopeHeading.Top + lblScopeHeading.Height + _intSpacing;

			lblActionHeading.Top = ScopeBox.Top + ScopeBox.Height + _intSpacing;
			ActionBox.Top = lblActionHeading.Top + lblActionHeading.Height + _intSpacing;

			lblMoreHeading.Top = ActionBox.Top + ActionBox.Height + _intSpacing;
			btnMore.Top = lblMoreHeading.Top - 3;

			this.Height = btnMore.Top + btnMore.Height + _intSpacing + 45;

			this.CenterToScreen();
		}

		private void btnMore_Click(System.Object sender, System.EventArgs e)
		{
			if (btnMore.Text == ">>")
			{
				this.Height = this.Height + 300;
				var _with1 = txtMore;
				_with1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(lblMoreHeading.Left, lblMoreHeading.Top + lblMoreHeading.Height + _intSpacing);
				_with1.Height = this.ClientSize.Height - txtMore.Top - 45;
				_with1.Width = this.ClientSize.Width - 2 * _intSpacing;
				_with1.Anchor = System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Top | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Bottom | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right;
				_with1.Visible = true;
				btn3.Focus();
				btnMore.Text = "<<";
			}
			else
			{
				this.SuspendLayout();
				btnMore.Text = ">>";
				this.Height = btnMore.Top + btnMore.Height + _intSpacing + 45;
				txtMore.Visible = false;
				txtMore.Anchor = System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.None;
				this.ResumeLayout();
			}
		}

		private void ErrorBox_LinkClicked(System.Object sender, System.Windows.Forms.LinkClickedEventArgs e)
		{
			LaunchLink(e.LinkText);
		}

		private void ScopeBox_LinkClicked(System.Object sender, System.Windows.Forms.LinkClickedEventArgs e)
		{
			LaunchLink(e.LinkText);
		}

		private void ActionBox_LinkClicked(System.Object sender, System.Windows.Forms.LinkClickedEventArgs e)
		{
			LaunchLink(e.LinkText);
		}
	}
}


modified 2-Nov-11 13:54pm.
AnswerRe: All C# code is posted here!!! Pin
nybelle4-Nov-11 6:19
nybelle4-Nov-11 6:19 
QuestionMultiple Emails Pin
budrophious2-Nov-11 5:24
budrophious2-Nov-11 5:24 
QuestionC# Solution Completed Pin
JohnSkinner21-Jul-11 1:46
JohnSkinner21-Jul-11 1:46 
AnswerRe: C# Solution Completed Pin
JohnSkinner15-Aug-11 11:54
JohnSkinner15-Aug-11 11:54 
AnswerRe: C# Solution Completed Pin
Member 973361417-Sep-13 8:15
Member 973361417-Sep-13 8:15 
GeneralMy vote of 3 Pin
NaderC14-Mar-11 21:52
NaderC14-Mar-11 21:52 
GeneralSimply Awesome!!! Pin
ziopino7013-Apr-10 11:08
ziopino7013-Apr-10 11:08 
GeneralRe: Simply Awesome!!! Pin
Henk van der Geld1-May-10 4:34
Henk van der Geld1-May-10 4:34 
GeneralSMTP fails Pin
Mitzs20-Apr-09 1:29
Mitzs20-Apr-09 1:29 
GeneralRe: SMTP fails Pin
Mathiyazhagan31-Jul-09 2:27
Mathiyazhagan31-Jul-09 2:27 
GeneralRe: SMTP fails Pin
Fatih Ender29-May-10 10:42
Fatih Ender29-May-10 10:42 
GeneralC# version - partial Pin
balazs_hideghety19-Mar-09 3:44
balazs_hideghety19-Mar-09 3:44 
GeneralUser Friendly Exception Handling Pin
MohamedSoumare14-Jan-09 5:43
MohamedSoumare14-Jan-09 5:43 
GeneralGreat article Pin
Donsw10-Dec-08 5:29
Donsw10-Dec-08 5:29 
GeneralMy vote of 1 Pin
GertW3-Dec-08 4:53
professionalGertW3-Dec-08 4:53 
GeneralRe: My vote of 1 Pin
reeselmiller27-Dec-12 12:45
reeselmiller27-Dec-12 12:45 
QuestionSecurityException was Unhandled Pin
DianaLawless31-Oct-08 4:34
DianaLawless31-Oct-08 4:34 
NewsLeaks when thread closes Pin
tregnago28-May-08 23:37
tregnago28-May-08 23:37 
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Posted 21 Jun 2004

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