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An excellent example of layered protocols. IP, the lower layer, handles the node-to-node messages, as your tracert shows. But a couple of levels higher, the http headers convey the endpoint IP addresses required for end-to-end intelligence. Something like Wireshark will pull the packets apart for you, if you're interested.
Cheers,
Peter
Software rusts. Simon Stephenson, ca 1994. So does this signature. me, 2012
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Peter_in_2780 wrote: http headers convey the endpoint IP addresses required for end-to-end intelligence.
Intelligence? http is usually layered on top of tcp, which is the part that is handling all the intelligent stuff. Http on the other hand used to be really, really simple[^], but that's changing[^] ...
Both the source and destination addresses are part of the tcp checksum header[^] ...
Cheers 
Espen Harlinn
Espen Harlinn
Chief Architect - Powel AS
Projects promoting programming in "natural language" are intrinsically doomed to fail. Edsger W.Dijkstra
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Http is almost an "application" of network protocols beneath.
Starting to think people post kid pics in their profiles because that was the last time they were cute - Jeremy.
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True enough 
Espen Harlinn
Chief Architect - Powel AS
Projects promoting programming in "natural language" are intrinsically doomed to fail. Edsger W.Dijkstra
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If they don't know your IP address, they can't reply by sending pages to you, and you've broken the Internet.
You really shouldn't do that. Mummy will be annoyed.
I wanna be a eunuchs developer! Pass me a bread knife!
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So I'm now working on my old desktop PC[^].
It turns out to be a sloooooow machine... What happened!?
I've used this for years without problems, but I've barely used it for a good year and it takes about four hours to install some updates (52, about 400 mb) and another four hours to install Visual Studio 2015 CE  
It hangs regularly, just doing nothing and then suddenly doing that thing I clicked on seconds ago.
Sometimes even my music just goes like "brrrrr" for about half a second because somehow my computer can't process any more stuff... IT'S NEVER DONE THAT! 
Perhaps I should look into upgrading some hardware or even buying something new... 
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Did you take the back off and give it a good dusting, push everything into the sockets, check for foreign objects? Run a disk check, memory check, check check?
I am not a number. I am a ... no, wait!
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9082365 wrote: give it a good dusting, push everything into the sockets
Yeah, it wasn't very dusty and the hardware was tightly secured into the sockets.
9082365 wrote: Run a disk check, memory check, check check
Yep, it seemed SQL Server was running all kinds of stuff that I never use, but installed once to play around with. Other than that no problems though.
I did a clean install about two years back. Maybe I should do that again... I've got most files backed up anyway.
If it's still slow after that it's clearly the hardware that's the problem.
First time you're giving me actual good advice by the way, thanks.
I'd thank you with an awesome song, but we all know how that's going to end 
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When a horse gets used to cantering and galloping, but then you dump it in a field to do nothing but graze for a year, everything about it weakens a little.
Given that you installed a fair number of updates (including, I presume, some cumulative ones), I'd give it a couple of cold reboots, just to make sure that everything is cleared out.
If you have Java installed, completely disable their update checker. If that thing finds an update, it seems to slow everything down until you either apply the update or kill the damned thing (I ended up renaming the .exe -- belt & braces, you know)
I wanna be a eunuchs developer! Pass me a bread knife!
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Gave it a couple of reboots and updated everything that needed updating.
It does seem to be a little faster (but it was really veeeeeeery slooooooow).
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Sander Rossel wrote: but I've barely used it for a good year and it takes about four hours to install some updates
Now why would you do that to a perfectly good working machine?
Marc
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Marc Clifton wrote: Now why would you do that to a perfectly good working machine?
With that logic we'd still be on Win 95.
Wait... I just got an idea[^]
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They explained it at build.
As the PC grows older, the Windows registry gets more momentous and everything get slow.
Problem they are working on with Windows 10.
UWP don't use the registry no more!
Dunno about other apps though...
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The computer was freshly installed about two years ago.
Little usage since then.
And I cleaned out the registry using CCleaner.
Still slow.
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I recently bit the bullet and replaced my hard drive (actually I was forced to as the old one failed) I bought a (£70) SSD and installed everything I really need from fresh - it took a few days to straighten it all out what with updates etc - I even went Win 10, why not? All seems to be working fine as before except a lot faster! PS I also gave it a good clean out, the desktop is kept at floor level and sure does accumulate dust inside - I took off the CPU fan to clean it as the heatsink was literally solid with dust...
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I had almost the exact same experience. The old HDD never failed, I just ran out of space on the system partition. Anyway, it was a great excuse to finally get a SSD especially since the price to capacity ratio is now reasonable. ($200/480GB for mine) I also went with 10 and really like it so far.
As for the dust, originally when I rebuilt, I just did a light dusting. Not long after getting 10 up and running, I tried out Minecraft, liked it, and bought it. The problem was after 10 minutes or so of playing, the system would just shut down. My suspicion of overheating was confirmed when I installed a hardware monitor that showed CPU temps of 270F! A thorough cleaning did the trick. The temps now never break 150F and it's much quieter! It's amazing how over the years, you just get used to the fan noise. 
"Go forth into the source" - Neal Morse
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kmoorevs wrote: you just get used to the fan noise
My desktop makes so much noise I never heard before!
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Just thought-experimenting.
If (as often happens) we represent 'spacetime' as a flat sheet (usually black rubber with white grid lines) and the distortion of spacetime by mass as a large ball sitting on the sheet, we can show the effect of gravity by rolling a smaller ball along the sheet, which will accelerate toward the large ball, and (ignoring friction) collide with or orbit.
So far so good.
In this model the flat sheet is suspended in 'nothing'.
But, what if you 'zoomed out' and the sheet was actually curved? Imagine it is sitting on a massive sphere.
If the sphere grows, so the 'universe' will expand.
Indeed if the sheet itself were like the skin of a massive rubber ball, then this effect would be observed if the ball was inflated.
So what we call 'dark energy' could simply be the inflation of whatever it is that 'supports' the universe.
The turtles are sliding down the side of the shell.
[^]
PooperPig - Coming Soon
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Human mind was created to enable us to survive on earth. To find food and mate for reproduction.
Explaining a concept beyond 3 dimensional space as "curved" is still using 3 dimensional concept.
God doesn't owe us a "how" answer in human words. Our brains are not ready.
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This is like a fish trying understand gravity. Maybe the fish would imagine it as constant invisible water flowing downwards. Because the fish brain is created so it can understand and survive underwater environment it does not have the brain pathway to understand dry land.
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Pete Zahir wrote: Human mind was created evolved to enable us to survive on earth.
ftfy
Pete Zahir wrote: Explaining a concept beyond 3 dimensional space as "curved" is still using 3 dimensional concept.
Because I don't have the language to describe curving through a 4th dimension, not beause something cannot. Think of it as an analogy.
Pete Zahir wrote: God doesn't owe us a "how" answer in human words.
What has 'god' got to do with it?
Pete Zahir wrote: Our brains are not ready.
speak for yourself
PooperPig - Coming Soon
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A curve requires 2 dimensions.
You could plot a curve across the x and y, or y and z, etc
If you read only a single axis coordinates (for instance assign all x values the same and read a curve's Y, it is indistinguishable from a line)
A curve involving the 4th dimension is this:
An object accelerating in a straight line.
Translate axis where X is the distance travelled and y,z =0
Time is experienced differently as it speeds thus the 4th dimension and curve
If you ignore the relativity changes in time, all you see is the straight ray on axis X
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Pete Zahir wrote: A curve requires 2 dimensions.
You could plot a curve across the x and y, or y and z, etc
You think you can't curve in 3 dimensions? Wow - how the heck did we ever get to the moon?!
Time is not the 4th dimension in question here. Time isn't really a dimension at all, except in sci fi movies and '4D Cinemas'
PooperPig - Coming Soon
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The earth/moon system is speeding around the sun at hundreds of thousands of km/h.
The speed and precision required to reach the moon without the earth/moon system disappearing into the distance must have been remarkable.
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