CPP Syntax - C / C++ / MFC Discussion Boards

bluatigro2-Oct-17 1:34

2-Oct-17 1:34

@ leon :
i m used to basic so the () inplaceof []

update :
m44 class [ matrix ] added
3d engine added

in the future i wil give a example of a animated avatar

// bluatigro 1 okt 2017
// windows raytracer 0.2
 
#include <windows.h>
#include <string>
#include <math.h>
#include <tchar.h>
 
const int winx = 800 ;
const int winy = 600 ;

#define SMALL 1e-300
#define PI = 3.1415929203

// double3d
class d3d
{
public :
  double x , y , z ;
  d3d()
  {
    x = 0.0 ;
    y = 0.0 ;
    z = 0.0 ;
  }
  d3d( double X , double Y , double Z )
  {
    x = X ;
    y = Y ;
    z = Z ;
  }
  void fill( double X , double Y , double Z )
  {
    x = X ;
    y = Y ;
    z = Z ;
  }
  unsigned long toColor()
  {
    return (unsigned long)
      ( floor( x * 255 ) +
        floor( y * 255 ) * 256 +
        floor( z * 255 ) * 256 * 256 ) ;
  }
} ;
d3d operator + ( d3d a , d3d b )
{
  return d3d( a.x + b.x ,
              a.y + b.y ,
              a.z + b.z ) ;
}
d3d operator - ( d3d a , d3d b )
{
  return d3d( a.x - b.x ,
              a.y - b.y ,
              a.z - b.z ) ;
}
d3d operator / ( d3d a , double b )
{
  return d3d( a.x / b ,
              a.y / b ,
              a.z / b ) ;
}
d3d operator * ( d3d a , double b )
{
  return d3d( a.x * b ,
              a.y * b ,
              a.z * b ) ;
}
double dot( d3d a , d3d b )
{
  return a.x * b.x
       + a.y * b.y
       + a.z * b.z ;
}
double length( d3d a )
{
  return sqrt( dot( a , a ) ) ;
}
d3d normalize( d3d a )
{
  return a / length( a ) ;
}
double getAngle( d3d a , d3d b )
{
  double d , la , lb ;
  d = dot( a , b ) ;
  la = length( a ) ;
  lb = length( b ) ;
  return acos( d / ( la * lb ) ) ;
}
d3d cross( d3d a , d3d b )
{
   return d3d( a.y * b.z - a.z * b.y ,
               a.z * b.x - a.x * b.z ,
               a.x * b.y - a.y * b.x ) ;
}
// primary colors
const d3d BLACK   = d3d( 0.0 , 0.0 , 0.0 ) ;
const d3d RED     = d3d( 1.0 , 0.0 , 0.0 ) ;
const d3d GREEN   = d3d( 0.0 , 1.0 , 0.0 ) ;
const d3d YELLOW  = d3d( 1.0 , 1.0 , 0.0 ) ;
const d3d BLUE    = d3d( 0.0 , 0.0 , 1.0 ) ;
const d3d MAGENTA = d3d( 1.0 , 0.0 , 1.0 ) ;
const d3d CYAN    = d3d( 0.0 , 1.0 , 1.0 ) ;
const d3d WHITE   = d3d( 1.0 , 1.0 , 1.0 ) ;
// mix colors
const d3d GRAY    = WHITE / 2.0 ;
const d3d ORANGE  = ( YELLOW + RED ) / 2.0 ;
const d3d PINK    = ( WHITE + RED ) / 2.0 ;

// matrix
class m44
{
public :
  double m[ 4 ][ 4 ] ;
  m44()
  {
    int i , j ;
    for ( i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i++ )
    {
      for ( j = 0 ; j < 4 ; j++ )
        m[ i ][ j ] = 0.0 ;
      m[ i ][ i ] = 1.0 ;
    }
  }
  ~m44()
  {
    // here : give memory back
  }
  void translate( double x , double y , double z )
  {
    m[ 3 ][ 0 ] = x ;
    m[ 3 ][ 1 ] = y ;
    m[ 3 ][ 2 ] = z ;
  }
  void rotate( double deg , int ax )
  {
    int a = 1 , b = 2 ;
    if ( ax == 1 )
    {
      a = 0 ;
      b = 2 ;
    }
    if ( ax == 2 )
    {
      a = 0 ;
      b = 1 ;
    }
    m[ a ][ a ] = cos( deg * PI / 180 ) ;
    m[ a ][ b ] = -sin( deg * PI / 180 ) ; 
    m[ b ][ a ] = sin( deg * PI / 180 ) ;
    m[ b ][ b ] = cos( deg * PI / 180 ) ;
  }
} ;
m44 operator * ( m44 a , m44 b )
{
  int i , j , k ;
  m44 uit ;
  for ( i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i++ )
  {
    for ( j = 0 ; j < 4 ; j++ )
    {
      uit.m[ i ][ j ] = 0.0 ;
      for ( k = 0 ; k < 4 ; k++ )
        uit.m[ i ][ j ] += a.m[ i ][ k ] * b.m[ k ][ j ] ;
    }
  }
  return uit ;
}
d3d operator * ( m44 m , d3d v )
{
  return d3d( m.m[0][0]*v.x+m.m[1][0]*v.y+m.m[2][0]+m.m[3][0] 
            , m.m[0][1]*v.x+m.m[1][1]*v.y+m.m[2][1]+m.m[3][1]
            , m.m[0][2]*v.x+m.m[1][2]*v.y+m.m[2][2]+m.m[3][2]); 
}
m44 inverse( m44 a )
{
// only rotation matrix
  double d ;
  m44 uit ;
  
  d = q.m[0][0]*q.m[1][1]*q.m[2][2] 
    - q.m[0][0]*q.m[2][1]*q.m[1][2] 
    + q.m[1][0]*q.m[2][1]*q.m[0][2] 
    - q.m[1][0]*q.m[0][1]*q.m[2][2] 
    + q.m[2][0]*q.m[0][1]*q.m[1][2] 
    - q.m[2][0]*q.m[1][1]*q.m[0][2] ;
    
  uit.m[0][0]=(q.m[1][1)*q.m[2][2]-q.m[1][2]*q.m[2][1])/d;
  uit.m[1][0]=(q.m[0][1)*q.m[2][2]-q.m[0][2]*q.m[2][1])/d;
  uit.m[2][0]=(q.m[0][1)*q.m[1][2]-q.m[0][2]*q.m[1][1])/d;
  uit.m[0][1]=(q.m[1][0)*q.m[2][2]-q.m[1][2]*q.m[2][0])/d;
  uit.m[1][1]=(q.m[0][0)*q.m[2][2]-q.m[0][2]*q.m[2][0])/d;
  uit.m[2][1]=(q.m[0][0)*q.m[1][2]-q.m[0][2]*q.m[1][0])/d;
  uit.m[0][2]=(q.m[1][0)*q.m[2][1]-q.m[1][1]*q.m[2][0])/d;
  uit.m[1][2]=(q.m[0][0)*q.m[2][1]-q.m[0][1]*q.m[2][0])/d;
  uit.m[2][2]=(q.m[0][0)*q.m[1][1]-q.m[0][1]*q.m[1][2])/d;
  
  return uit ;
}

// 3d engine

d3d SK[ 64 ] ;
m44 V[ 20 ] ;
int number ;
const int XYZ = 0 ;
const int XZY = 1 ;
const int YXZ = 2 ;
const int YZX = 3 ;
const int ZXY = 4 ;
const int ZYX = 5 ;

void link( int no , double x , double y , double z
, double pan , double tilt , double rol , int ax , int p )
{
// create a new matrix
// will afect furture drawings

  if ( no < 1 ) return ;
  if ( no >= 20 ) return ;
  if ( p < 0 ) return ;
  if ( p >= 20 ) return ;
  if ( p == no ) return ;
  
  m44 trans , rotx , roty , rotz ;
  trans.translate( x , y , z ) ;
  rotx.rotate( tilt , 0 ) ;
  roty.rotate( pan , 1 ) ;
  rotz.rotate( rol , 2 ) ;

  switch( ax )
  {
    case XYZ :
      V[ no ] = rotx * roty * rotz * trans * V[ p ] ;
    break ;
    case XZY :
      V[ no ] = rotx * rotz * roty * trans * V[ p ] ;
    break ;
    case YXZ :
      V[ no ] = roty * rotx * rotz * trans * V[ p ] ;
    break ;
    case YZX :
      V[ no ] = roty * rotz * rotx * trans * V[ p ] ;
    break ;
    case ZXY :
      V[ no ] = rotz * rotx * roty * trans * V[ p ] ;
    break ;
    case ZYX :
      V[ no ] = rotz * roty * rotx * trans * V[ p ] ;
    break ;
    default :
      V[ no ] = rotx * roty * rotz * trans * V[ p ] ;
  }  
  number = no ;
}

void child( int no , doube x , double y , double z
, int lim , int ax , int p )
{
// create a lim matrix
// for animated avatar building

  if ( lim < 0 ) then return ;
  if ( lim >= 64 ) then return ;
  link( no , x , y , z
  , SK[ lim ].y , SK[ lim ].x , SK[ lim ].z
  , ax , p ) ;
}

void skelet( int lim , double x , double y , double z )
{
// set the angles [ in degees ] 
// of a lim of a avartar

  if ( lim < 0 ) return ;
  if ( lim >= 64 ) return ;
  SK[ lim ].fill( x , y , z ) ;
}

double pend( double fase , double amp )
{
// for smooth animations

  return sin( fase * PI / 180 ) * amp ;
}

d3d spot( d3d q )
{
// from lokal to world coordinates

  return V[ number ] * q ;
}

// end 3d engine

struct Matrial
{
  d3d diffuse ;
  double reflection ;
} ;
Matrial material ;
 
class Sphere
{
public :
  d3d center ;
  double radius , radius2 ;
  Matrial mat ;
  void fill( d3d c , double r )
  {
    center = spot( c ) ;
    radius = r ;
    radius2 = r * r ;
    mat = material ;
  }
  double hit( d3d o , d3d d )
  {
    double t , a , b , c , disc ;
    d3d temp = o - center ;
    a = dot( d , d ) ;
    b = 2 * dot( temp , d ) ;
    c = dot( temp , temp ) - radius2 ;
    disc = b * b - 4 * a * c ;
    if ( disc < 0 )
      return INFINITY;
    else
    {
      double e = sqrt( disc ) ;
      double demon = 2 * a ;
      t = ( -b - e ) / demon ;
      if ( t > SMALL ) return t ;
      t = ( -b + e ) / demon ;
      if ( t > SMALL ) return t ;
    }
    return INFINITY ;
  }
} ;
 
Sphere spheres[ 100 ] ;
int spheretel ;
void sphere( double x , double y , double z
           , double r , d3d color )
{
  d3d pt ;
  pt.fill( x , y , z ) ;
  material.diffuse = color ;
  spheres[ spheretel ].fill( pt , r ) ;
  spheretel++ ;
}
 
d3d light;
 
d3d render( d3d o , d3d d , int depth )
{
  double dist , sphdist = INFINITY ;
  int i , isph = -1 ;
  for ( i = 0 ; i < spheretel ; i++ )
  {
    dist = spheres[ i ].hit( o , d ) ;
    if ( dist < sphdist )
    {
      sphdist = dist ;
      isph = i ;
    }
  }
  if (isph == -1) return BLACK ;
  d3d p , n ;
  p = o + d * sphdist ;
  n = p - spheres[ isph ].center ;
  double a = getAngle( n , light ) ;
  d3d color = spheres[ isph ].mat.diffuse ;
  color = color * ( 0.5 + cos( a * 2 ) / 2 ) ;
  if ( a > PI / 2 ) color = BLACK ;
  for ( i = 0 ; i < spheretel ; i++ )
  {
    if ( i != isph )
    {
      a = spheres[ i ].hit( p , light ) ;
      if ( a == INFINITY ) color = BLACK ;
    }
  }
  return color ;
}

char * frame( char * filmname , int no , int len )
{
  /*
  this is [ in basic ] what i want to do :
  return filmname 
  + right( "00000000" + str( no ) , len ) 
  + ".bmp" ;
  */
}
 
int CaptureAnImage( HWND hWnd , char* filename )
{
	HDC hdcScreen;
	HDC hdcWindow;
	HDC hdcMemDC = NULL;
	HBITMAP hbmScreen = NULL;
	BITMAP bmpScreen;
 
	// Retrieve the handle to a display device context for the client 
	// area of the window. 
	hdcScreen = GetDC(NULL);
	hdcWindow = GetDC(hWnd);
 
	// Create a compatible DC which is used in a BitBlt from the window DC
	hdcMemDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hdcWindow);
 
	if (!hdcMemDC)
	{
		MessageBox(hWnd, _T("CreateCompatibleDC has failed"), _T("Failed"), MB_OK);
		goto done;
	}
 
	// Get the client area for size calculation
	RECT rcClient;
	GetClientRect(hWnd, &rcClient);
 
	//This is the best stretch mode
	SetStretchBltMode(hdcWindow, HALFTONE);
 
	//The source DC is the entire screen and the destination DC is the current window (HWND)
	if (!StretchBlt(hdcWindow,
		0, 0,
		rcClient.right, rcClient.bottom,
		hdcScreen,
		0, 0,
		GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN),
		GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN),
		SRCCOPY))
	{
		MessageBox(hWnd, _T("StretchBlt has failed"), _T("Failed"), MB_OK);
		goto done;
	}
 
	// Create a compatible bitmap from the Window DC
	hbmScreen = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdcWindow, rcClient.right - rcClient.left, rcClient.bottom - rcClient.top);
 
	if (!hbmScreen)
	{
		MessageBox(hWnd, _T("CreateCompatibleBitmap Failed"), _T("Failed"), MB_OK);
		goto done;
	}
 
	// Select the compatible bitmap into the compatible memory DC.
	SelectObject(hdcMemDC, hbmScreen);
 
	// Bit block transfer into our compatible memory DC.
	if (!BitBlt(hdcMemDC,
		0, 0,
		rcClient.right - rcClient.left, rcClient.bottom - rcClient.top,
		hdcWindow,
		0, 0,
		SRCCOPY))
	{
		MessageBox(hWnd, _T("BitBlt has failed"), _T("Failed"), MB_OK);
		goto done;
	}
 
	// Get the BITMAP from the HBITMAP
	GetObject(hbmScreen, sizeof(BITMAP), &bmpScreen);
 
	BITMAPFILEHEADER   bmfHeader;
	BITMAPINFOHEADER   bi;
 
	bi.biSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
	bi.biWidth = bmpScreen.bmWidth;
	bi.biHeight = bmpScreen.bmHeight;
	bi.biPlanes = 1;
	bi.biBitCount = 32;
	bi.biCompression = BI_RGB;
	bi.biSizeImage = 0;
	bi.biXPelsPerMeter = 0;
	bi.biYPelsPerMeter = 0;
	bi.biClrUsed = 0;
	bi.biClrImportant = 0;
 
	DWORD dwBmpSize = ((bmpScreen.bmWidth * bi.biBitCount + 31) / 32) * 4 * bmpScreen.bmHeight;
 
	// Starting with 32-bit Windows, GlobalAlloc and LocalAlloc are implemented as wrapper functions that 
	// call HeapAlloc using a handle to the process's default heap. Therefore, GlobalAlloc and LocalAlloc 
	// have greater overhead than HeapAlloc.
	HANDLE hDIB = GlobalAlloc(GHND, dwBmpSize);
	char *lpbitmap = (char *)GlobalLock(hDIB);
 
	// Gets the "bits" from the bitmap and copies them into a buffer 
	// which is pointed to by lpbitmap.
	GetDIBits(hdcWindow, hbmScreen, 0,
		(UINT)bmpScreen.bmHeight,
		lpbitmap,
		(BITMAPINFO *)&bi, DIB_RGB_COLORS);
 
	// A file is created, this is where we will save the screen capture.
	HANDLE hFile = CreateFile(filename,
		GENERIC_WRITE,
		0,
		NULL,
		CREATE_ALWAYS,
		FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
 
	// Add the size of the headers to the size of the bitmap to get the total file size
	DWORD dwSizeofDIB = dwBmpSize + sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
 
	//Offset to where the actual bitmap bits start.
	bmfHeader.bfOffBits = (DWORD)sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + (DWORD)sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
 
	//Size of the file
	bmfHeader.bfSize = dwSizeofDIB;
 
	//bfType must always be BM for Bitmaps
	bmfHeader.bfType = 0x4D42; //BM   
 
	DWORD dwBytesWritten = 0;
	WriteFile(hFile, (LPSTR)&bmfHeader, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER), &dwBytesWritten, NULL);
	WriteFile(hFile, (LPSTR)&bi, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER), &dwBytesWritten, NULL);
	WriteFile(hFile, (LPSTR)lpbitmap, dwBmpSize, &dwBytesWritten, NULL);
 
	//Unlock and Free the DIB from the heap
	GlobalUnlock(hDIB);
	GlobalFree(hDIB);
 
	//Close the handle for the file that was created
	CloseHandle(hFile);
 
	//Clean up
done:
	DeleteObject(hbmScreen);
	DeleteObject(hdcMemDC);
	ReleaseDC(NULL, hdcScreen);
	ReleaseDC(hWnd, hdcWindow);
 
	return 0;
}
 
/* This is where all the input to the window goes to */
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hwnd , 
                          UINT Message , 
                          WPARAM wParam ,
                          LPARAM lParam ) 
{
  HDC hdc ;
  PAINTSTRUCT ps ;
 
  switch (Message)
  {
    case WM_PAINT : 
    {
      int x , y , picno ;
      d3d o , d ; 
      unsigned long color ;
      hdc = BeginPaint( hwnd , &ps ) ;
      //film
//      for ( picno = 0 ; picno < 32 ; picno )
//      {
      //scene
      spheretel = 0 ;
      light.fill( -1.0 , 1.0 , -1.0 ) ;
      link( 1 , 0.0 , 0.0 , 0.0 
      , (double)picno * 360 / 16 , 0.0 , 0.0 , XYZ , 0 ) ;
      sphere( 0.0 , 100.0 , 0.0 , 100.0 , MAGENTA ) ;
      sphere( -50.0 , -86.0 , 0.0 , 100.0 , CYAN ) ;
      sphere( 50.0 , -86.0 , 0.0 , 100.0 , YELLOW ) ;
      sphere( 0.0 , -INFINITY - winy / 2 , 0.0
        , INFINITY , WHITE ) ;
		
      //create scene on window
      for ( x = 0 ; x < winx ; x++ )
      {
        for ( y = 0 ; y < winy ; y++ )
        {
          o.fill( 0.0 , 0.0 , -1000.0 ) ;
          d.fill( (double)x , (double)y , 1000.0 ) ;
	  color = render( o , d , 7 ).toColor() ;
          SetPixel( hdc , x , y , color ) ;
        }
      } // end of drawing frame

      int dummy = CaptureAnImage( hwnd , 
        _T( "sphere-3.bmp" ) ;

//      } //end film loop

      EndPaint( hwnd , &ps ) ;
      break ;
    }
/* Upon destruction, tell the main thread to stop */
    case WM_DESTROY : 
    {
      PostQuitMessage( 0 ) ;
      break ;
    }
/* All other messages (a lot of them) are processed using default procedures */
    default :
      return DefWindowProc(hwnd, Message, wParam, lParam);
  }
  return 0 ;
}
 
/* The 'main' function of Win32 GUI programs: this is where execution starts */
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) {
	WNDCLASSEX wc; /* A properties struct of our window */
	HWND hwnd; /* A 'HANDLE', hence the H, or a pointer to our window */
	MSG msg; /* A temporary location for all messages */
 
			 /* zero out the struct and set the stuff we want to modify */
	memset(&wc, 0, sizeof(wc));
	wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; /* This is where we will send messages to */
	wc.hInstance = hInstance;
	wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
 
	/* White, COLOR_WINDOW is just a #define for a system color, try Ctrl+Clicking it */
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1);
	wc.lpszClassName = "WindowClass";
	wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); /* Load a standard icon */
	wc.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); /* use the name "A" to use the project icon */
 
	if (!RegisterClassEx(&wc)) {
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("Window Registration Failed!"), _T("Error!"), MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK);
		return 0;
	}
 
	hwnd = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, _T("WindowClass"), _T("Caption"), WS_VISIBLE | WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
		CW_USEDEFAULT, /* x */
		CW_USEDEFAULT, /* y */
		winx, /* width */
		winy, /* height */
		NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
 
	if (hwnd == NULL) {
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("Window Creation Failed!"), _T("Error!"), MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK);
		return 0;
	}
 
	/*
	This is the heart of our program where all input is processed and
	sent to WndProc. Note that GetMessage blocks code flow until it receives something, so
	this loop will not produce unreasonably high CPU usage
	*/
	while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0) { /* If no error is received... */
		TranslateMessage(&msg); /* Translate key codes to chars if present */
		DispatchMessage(&msg); /* Send it to WndProc */
	}
	return msg.wParam;
}

Re: raytracer

leon de boer2-Oct-17 3:46

leon de boer

2-Oct-17 3:46

Still not following why you are doing software renderer you are on windows you can setup the hardware accelerated renderer.

Beside that 2 other comments ...

1.) Your value of Pi is wrong
1000 places of Pi[^]
2.) You obviously struggling to make frame filename and frame is already use .. try this

void frameName (TCHAR* buffer, int bufsize, const TCHAR* nameStart, const TCHAR* ext, int no, int len)
{
	// format string must be ascii .. do not change these 2 lines even on unicode
    // I know its strange but thats the way it is .. format strings are always ascii
	char fmtstring[32];	
	sprintf_s(fmtstring, _countof(fmtstring), "%s%i%s", "%s%0", len, "i.%s");
	// Okay now we swing unicode/ascii for actual string
	_stprintf_s(buffer, bufsize, fmtstring, nameStart, no, ext);
}

It looks slightly strange because you have to make the format string.
"%s%08i.%s" is an example format string, which basically says string + integer to 8 digits + . + string
The problem is you don't want a constant 8 you want Len so you have to 1st build the format string
Example of use of what I suspect you are trying to do. Len I assume is length of number padded with "0"'s

TCHAR buf[256];
frameName(buf, _countof(buf), _T("test"), _T("bmp"), 1, 6); // Will give Test000001.bmp in buf

If you haven't run across TCHAR before it is a character type that changes with compile mode.
In Ansi mode it is char
In unicode mode it is wchar

I have no idea if you are compiling in ansi mode or unicode, you had both so I am trying to be careful
to support either which is what using TCHAR does. However you need to be aware TCHAR size changes.
That is the reason for using _countof() rather than sizeof() for the buffer size.

In vino veritas

modified 2-Oct-17 10:21am.

Re: raytracer

leon de boer2-Oct-17 10:00

leon de boer

2-Oct-17 10:00

I assume this is what you are trying to do
GitHub - LdB-ECM/Tiny-Renderer: Software Renderer[^]
I just doctored Dmitry V. Sokolov's great software renderer.

In vino veritas

modified 2-Oct-17 16:09pm.

Re: raytracer

bluatigro2-Oct-17 22:57

bluatigro

2-Oct-17 22:57

@ leon :
hardware raytracing ?

do you meen openGL ?
or directx ?
in vs2017 i cant do c++
in vb2017 i cant do opengl or directx

in that case i won't get reflection and refraction

this is also a try at better c++ understanding

i can't run c++ on my work pc

is there a c++ ide you can start [ and compiles ] from usb ?

Re: raytracer

leon de boer3-Oct-17 4:47

leon de boer

3-Oct-17 4:47

hardware raytracing ?
do you meen openGL ?
or directx ?

Those or any of the other hardware renderer frameworks?

in vs2017 i cant do c++

yes you can on the VS2017 app folder run the installer again and tick the box.
It doesn't install by default you have to select it, think only C# gets setup by default Smile | :)

Select it as shown on this image
https://github.com/LdB-ECM/Docs_and_Images/blob/master/Images/VS2017.jpg?raw=true

in vb2017 i cant do opengl or directx

Again yes you can you just have to manual handle the API calls ... is it easy, well no Smile | :)

Walkthrough: Calling Windows APIs (Visual Basic) | Microsoft Docs[^]

this is also a try at better c++ understanding

That I agree with and you have obviously made progress in that area.

I can't run c++ on my work pc, is there a c++ ide you can start [ and compiles ] from usb ?

You can install VS2017 onto a USB drive you just need to make sure the drive is mapped to a known letter.
I actually do that my VS2017 is on an external harddrive that I map to G:
I just make sure on any machine I wish to use the compiler I set the USB driver letter to G:.
It's slows slightly on USB2 but on USB3 drive and port you can't notice the difference.

In vino veritas

modified 3-Oct-17 23:38pm.

Re: raytracer

bluatigro6-Oct-17 1:30

bluatigro

6-Oct-17 1:30

update :
avatar added
animation added

to be sure i REMed the animation and saving part

for so far i understand it is right

if i add :
ambient , specular , shinines , phong , emission etc...
to Material
how do i calc the end color ?

 bluatigro 1 okt 2017
// windows raytracer 0.3
 
#include <windows.h>
#include <string>
#include <math.h>
#include <tchar.h>
 
const int winx = 800 ;
const int winy = 600 ;

#define SMALL 1e-300
#define PI = 3.14159265358979323846

// double3d
class d3d
{
public :
  double x , y , z ;
  d3d()
  {
    x = 0.0 ;
    y = 0.0 ;
    z = 0.0 ;
  }
  d3d( double X , double Y , double Z )
  {
    x = X ;
    y = Y ;
    z = Z ;
  }
  void fill( double X , double Y , double Z )
  {
    x = X ;
    y = Y ;
    z = Z ;
  }
  unsigned long toColor()
  {
    return (unsigned long)
      ( floor( x * 255 ) +
        floor( y * 255 ) * 256 +
        floor( z * 255 ) * 256 * 256 ) ;
  }
} ;
d3d operator + ( d3d a , d3d b )
{
  return d3d( a.x + b.x ,
              a.y + b.y ,
              a.z + b.z ) ;
}
d3d operator - ( d3d a , d3d b )
{
  return d3d( a.x - b.x ,
              a.y - b.y ,
              a.z - b.z ) ;
}
d3d operator / ( d3d a , double b )
{
  return d3d( a.x / b ,
              a.y / b ,
              a.z / b ) ;
}
d3d operator * ( d3d a , double b )
{
  return d3d( a.x * b ,
              a.y * b ,
              a.z * b ) ;
}
double dot( d3d a , d3d b )
{
  return a.x * b.x
       + a.y * b.y
       + a.z * b.z ;
}
double length( d3d a )
{
  return sqrt( dot( a , a ) ) ;
}
d3d normalize( d3d a )
{
  return a / length( a ) ;
}
double getAngle( d3d a , d3d b )
{
  double d , la , lb ;
  d = dot( a , b ) ;
  la = length( a ) ;
  lb = length( b ) ;
  return acos( d / ( la * lb ) ) ;
}
d3d cross( d3d a , d3d b )
{
   return d3d( a.y * b.z - a.z * b.y ,
               a.z * b.x - a.x * b.z ,
               a.x * b.y - a.y * b.x ) ;
}
// primary colors
const d3d BLACK   = d3d( 0.0 , 0.0 , 0.0 ) ;
const d3d RED     = d3d( 1.0 , 0.0 , 0.0 ) ;
const d3d GREEN   = d3d( 0.0 , 1.0 , 0.0 ) ;
const d3d YELLOW  = d3d( 1.0 , 1.0 , 0.0 ) ;
const d3d BLUE    = d3d( 0.0 , 0.0 , 1.0 ) ;
const d3d MAGENTA = d3d( 1.0 , 0.0 , 1.0 ) ;
const d3d CYAN    = d3d( 0.0 , 1.0 , 1.0 ) ;
const d3d WHITE   = d3d( 1.0 , 1.0 , 1.0 ) ;
// mix colors
const d3d GRAY    = WHITE / 2.0 ;
const d3d ORANGE  = ( YELLOW + RED ) / 2.0 ;
const d3d PINK    = ( WHITE + RED ) / 2.0 ;

// matrix
class m44
{
public :
  double m[ 4 ][ 4 ] ;
  m44()
  {
    int i , j ;
    for ( i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i++ )
    {
      for ( j = 0 ; j < 4 ; j++ )
        m[ i ][ j ] = 0.0 ;
      m[ i ][ i ] = 1.0 ;
    }
  }
  ~m44()
  {
    // here : give memory back
  }
  void translate( double x , double y , double z )
  {
    m[ 3 ][ 0 ] = x ;
    m[ 3 ][ 1 ] = y ;
    m[ 3 ][ 2 ] = z ;
  }
  void rotate( double deg , int ax )
  {
    int a = 1 , b = 2 ;
    if ( ax == 1 )
    {
      a = 0 ;
      b = 2 ;
    }
    if ( ax == 2 )
    {
      a = 0 ;
      b = 1 ;
    }
    m[ a ][ a ] = cos( deg * PI / 180 ) ;
    m[ a ][ b ] = -sin( deg * PI / 180 ) ; 
    m[ b ][ a ] = sin( deg * PI / 180 ) ;
    m[ b ][ b ] = cos( deg * PI / 180 ) ;
  }
} ;
m44 operator * ( m44 a , m44 b )
{
  int i , j , k ;
  m44 uit ;
  for ( i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i++ )
  {
    for ( j = 0 ; j < 4 ; j++ )
    {
      uit.m[ i ][ j ] = 0.0 ;
      for ( k = 0 ; k < 4 ; k++ )
        uit.m[ i ][ j ] += a.m[ i ][ k ] * b.m[ k ][ j ] ;
    }
  }
  return uit ;
}
d3d operator * ( m44 m , d3d v )
{
  return d3d( m.m[0][0]*v.x+m.m[1][0]*v.y+m.m[2][0]+m.m[3][0] 
            , m.m[0][1]*v.x+m.m[1][1]*v.y+m.m[2][1]+m.m[3][1]
            , m.m[0][2]*v.x+m.m[1][2]*v.y+m.m[2][2]+m.m[3][2]); 
}
m44 inverse( m44 a )
{
// only rotation matrix
  double d ;
  m44 uit ;
  
  d = q.m[0][0]*q.m[1][1]*q.m[2][2] 
    - q.m[0][0]*q.m[2][1]*q.m[1][2] 
    + q.m[1][0]*q.m[2][1]*q.m[0][2] 
    - q.m[1][0]*q.m[0][1]*q.m[2][2] 
    + q.m[2][0]*q.m[0][1]*q.m[1][2] 
    - q.m[2][0]*q.m[1][1]*q.m[0][2] ;
    
  uit.m[0][0]=(q.m[1][1)*q.m[2][2]-q.m[1][2]*q.m[2][1])/d;
  uit.m[1][0]=(q.m[0][1)*q.m[2][2]-q.m[0][2]*q.m[2][1])/d;
  uit.m[2][0]=(q.m[0][1)*q.m[1][2]-q.m[0][2]*q.m[1][1])/d;
  uit.m[0][1]=(q.m[1][0)*q.m[2][2]-q.m[1][2]*q.m[2][0])/d;
  uit.m[1][1]=(q.m[0][0)*q.m[2][2]-q.m[0][2]*q.m[2][0])/d;
  uit.m[2][1]=(q.m[0][0)*q.m[1][2]-q.m[0][2]*q.m[1][0])/d;
  uit.m[0][2]=(q.m[1][0)*q.m[2][1]-q.m[1][1]*q.m[2][0])/d;
  uit.m[1][2]=(q.m[0][0)*q.m[2][1]-q.m[0][1]*q.m[2][0])/d;
  uit.m[2][2]=(q.m[0][0)*q.m[1][1]-q.m[0][1]*q.m[1][2])/d;
  
  return uit ;
}

// 3d engine

d3d SK[ 64 ] ;
m44 V[ 20 ] ;
int number ;
const int XYZ = 0 ;
const int XZY = 1 ;
const int YXZ = 2 ;
const int YZX = 3 ;
const int ZXY = 4 ;
const int ZYX = 5 ;

void link( int no , double x , double y , double z
, double pan , double tilt , double rol , int ax , int p )
{
// create a new matrix
// will afect furture drawings

  if ( no < 1 ) return ;
  if ( no >= 20 ) return ;
  if ( p < 0 ) return ;
  if ( p >= 20 ) return ;
  if ( p == no ) return ;
  
  m44 trans , rotx , roty , rotz ;
  trans.translate( x , y , z ) ;
  rotx.rotate( tilt , 0 ) ;
  roty.rotate( pan , 1 ) ;
  rotz.rotate( rol , 2 ) ;

  switch( ax )
  {
    case XYZ :
      V[ no ] = rotx * roty * rotz * trans * V[ p ] ;
    break ;
    case XZY :
      V[ no ] = rotx * rotz * roty * trans * V[ p ] ;
    break ;
    case YXZ :
      V[ no ] = roty * rotx * rotz * trans * V[ p ] ;
    break ;
    case YZX :
      V[ no ] = roty * rotz * rotx * trans * V[ p ] ;
    break ;
    case ZXY :
      V[ no ] = rotz * rotx * roty * trans * V[ p ] ;
    break ;
    case ZYX :
      V[ no ] = rotz * roty * rotx * trans * V[ p ] ;
    break ;
    default :
      V[ no ] = rotx * roty * rotz * trans * V[ p ] ;
  }  
  number = no ;
}

void child( int no , doube x , double y , double z
, int lim , int ax , int p )
{
// create a lim matrix
// for animated avatar building

  if ( lim < 0 ) then return ;
  if ( lim >= 64 ) then return ;
  link( no , x , y , z
  , SK[ lim ].y , SK[ lim ].x , SK[ lim ].z
  , ax , p ) ;
}

void skelet( int lim , double x , double y , double z )
{
// set the angles [ in degees ] 
// of a lim of a avartar

  if ( lim < 0 ) return ;
  if ( lim >= 64 ) return ;
  SK[ lim ].fill( x , y , z ) ;
}

double pend( double fase , double amp )
{
// for smooth animations

  return sin( fase * PI / 180 ) * amp ;
}

d3d spot( d3d q )
{
// from lokal to world coordinates

  return V[ number ] * q ;
}

// end 3d engine

struct Matrial
{
  d3d diffuse ;
  double reflection ;
} ;
Matrial material ;
 
class Sphere
{
public :
  d3d center ;
  double radius , radius2 ;
  Matrial mat ;
  void fill( d3d c , double r )
  {
    center = spot( c ) ;
    radius = r ;
    radius2 = r * r ;
    mat = material ;
  }
  double hit( d3d o , d3d d )
  {
    double t , a , b , c , disc ;
    d3d temp = o - center ;
    a = dot( d , d ) ;
    b = 2 * dot( temp , d ) ;
    c = dot( temp , temp ) - radius2 ;
    disc = b * b - 4 * a * c ;
    if ( disc < 0 )
      return INFINITY;
    else
    {
      double e = sqrt( disc ) ;
      double demon = 2 * a ;
      t = ( -b - e ) / demon ;
      if ( t > SMALL ) return t ;
      t = ( -b + e ) / demon ;
      if ( t > SMALL ) return t ;
    }
    return INFINITY ;
  }
} ;
 
Sphere spheres[ 100 ] ;
int spheretel ;
void sphere( double x , double y , double z
           , double r , d3d color )
{
  d3d pt ;
  pt.fill( x , y , z ) ;
  material.diffuse = color ;
  spheres[ spheretel ].fill( pt , r ) ;
  spheretel++ ;
}
 
d3d light;
 
d3d render( d3d o , d3d d , int depth )
{
  double dist , sphdist = INFINITY ;
  int i , isph = -1 ;
  for ( i = 0 ; i < spheretel ; i++ )
  {
    dist = spheres[ i ].hit( o , d ) ;
    if ( dist < sphdist )
    {
      sphdist = dist ;
      isph = i ;
    }
  }
  if (isph == -1) return BLACK ;
  d3d p , n ;
  p = o + d * sphdist ;
  n = p - spheres[ isph ].center ;
  double a = getAngle( n , light ) ;
  d3d color = spheres[ isph ].mat.diffuse ;
  color = color * ( 0.5 + cos( a * 2 ) / 2 ) ;
  if ( a > PI / 2 ) color = BLACK ;
  for ( i = 0 ; i < spheretel ; i++ )
  {
    if ( i != isph )
    {
      a = spheres[ i ].hit( p , light ) ;
      if ( a == INFINITY ) color = BLACK ;
    }
  }
  return color ;
}

// lim consts for avatar
const int arm   = 1 ;
const int elbow = 2 ;
const int wrist = 3 ;
const int leg   = 4 ;
const int knee  = 5 ;
const int enkle = 6 ;
const int neck  = 7 ;
const int eye   = 8 ;
const int wenk  = 9 ;
const int tail  = 10 ;
const int thumb = 11 ;
const int index = 14 ;
const int midle = 17 ;
const int ring  = 20 ;
const int lr    = 32 ;

void Kop( int qq , d3d kl )
{
    link( 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, xyz, number ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 30, kl ) ;
    if ( qq == 1 ) 
    {
        sphere( 25, 25, 0, 9, kl ) ;
        sphere( -25, 25, 0, 9, kl ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, -40, 12, GRAY ) ;
    }
    else
    {
        sphere( 30, 0, 0, 9, kl ) ;
        sphere( -30, 0, 0, 9, kl ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, -40, 12, kl ) ;
    }
    child( 16, 14, 14, -14, eye , xyz, 15 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 13, WHITE ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, -10, 7, BLACK ) ;
    child( 16, -14, 14, -14, eye + lr, xyz, 15 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 13, WHITE ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, -10, 7, BLACK ) ;
}

void human( trui as d3d , broek as d3d )
{
// example of a avatar
// has a skeleton whith can be animated
    link( 9 , 0,0,0 , 0,0,0 , xyz , number ) ;
        sphere( 0, 50, 0, 30, trui ) ;
        sphere( 0, 25, 0, 23, broek ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 15, broek ) ;
    child( 11, 0, 70, 0, neck, xyz, 9 ) ;
    child( 12, 0, 30, 0, neck+lr, xyz, 11 ) ;
        Kop( 0, PINK ) ;
    child( 11, 20, -10, 0, leg, yzx, 9 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 16, broek ) ;
        sphere( 0, -20, 0, 16, broek ) ;
    child( 12, 0, -40, 0, knee, xyz, 11 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 16, broek ) ;
        sphere( 0, -20, 0, 16, broek ) ;
    child( 13, 0, -40, 0, enkle, xzy, 12 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 12, GRAY ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, -20, 12, GRAY ) ;
    child( 11, -20, -10, 0, leg+lr , yzx, 9 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 16, broek ) ;
        sphere( 0, -20, 0, 16, broek ) ;
    child( 12, 0, -40, 0, knee+lr, xyz, 11 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 16, broek ) ;
        sphere( 0, -20, 0,16, broek ) ;
    child( 13, 0, -40, 0,enkle+lr, xzy, 12 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 12, GRAY ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, -20, 12, GRAY ) ;
    child( 11, 40, 60, 0, arm, xzy, 9 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 16, trui ) ;
        sphere( 6, -20, 0, 12, trui ) ;
    child( 12, 6, -40, 0, elbow, xyz, 11 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 12, trui ) ;
        sphere( 0, -20, 0, 12, trui ) ;
        sphere( 0, -42, 0, 8, PINK ) ;
    child( 11, -40, 60, 0, arm+lr, xzy, 9 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 16, trui ) ;
        sphere( -6, -20, 0, 12, trui ) ;
    child( 12, -6, -40, 0, elbow+lr, xyz, 11 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 12, trui ) ;
        sphere( 0, -20, 0, 12, trui ) ;
        sphere( 0, -42, 0, 8, PINK ) ;
} // end human avatar

void human_walk( f as double , a as double )
{
// example of a animation
    skelet( arm , pend( f , a ) , 0 , 0 ) ;
    skelet( elbow , -abs( a ) , 0 , 0 ) ;
    skelet( arm + lr , pend( f + 180, a ) , 0 , 0 ) ;
    skelet( elbow + lr , -abs( a ) , 0 , 0 ) ;
    skelet( leg , pend( f + 180 , a ) , 0 , 0 ) ;
    skelet( knee , pend( f + 90 , a ) + a , 0 , 0 ) ;
    skelet( leg + lr , pend( f , a ) , 0 , 0 ) ;
    skelet( knee + lr , pend( f - 90 , a ) + a , 0 , 0 ) ;
}

void frameName ( TCHAR* buffer , 
                 int bufsize ,
                 const TCHAR* nameStart ,
                 const TCHAR* ext , 
                 int no , int len )
{
// format string must be ascii .. 
// do not change these 2 lines even on unicode
// I know its strange but thats the way it is .. 
// format strings are always ascii
  char fmtstring[ 32 ] ;	
  sprintf_s( fmtstring , _countof( fmtstring ) ,
    "%s%i%s" , "%s%0" , len , "i.%s" ) ;
// Okay now we swing unicode/ascii for actual string
  _stprintf_s( buffer , bufsize , 
    fmtstring , nameStart , no , ext ) ;
}

int CaptureAnImage( HWND hWnd , char* filename )
{
	HDC hdcScreen;
	HDC hdcWindow;
	HDC hdcMemDC = NULL;
	HBITMAP hbmScreen = NULL;
	BITMAP bmpScreen;
 
	// Retrieve the handle to a display device context for the client 
	// area of the window. 
	hdcScreen = GetDC(NULL);
	hdcWindow = GetDC(hWnd);
 
	// Create a compatible DC which is used in a BitBlt from the window DC
	hdcMemDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hdcWindow);
 
	if (!hdcMemDC)
	{
		MessageBox(hWnd, _T("CreateCompatibleDC has failed"), _T("Failed"), MB_OK);
		goto done;
	}
 
	// Get the client area for size calculation
	RECT rcClient;
	GetClientRect(hWnd, &rcClient);
 
	//This is the best stretch mode
	SetStretchBltMode(hdcWindow, HALFTONE);
 
	//The source DC is the entire screen and the destination DC is the current window (HWND)
	if (!StretchBlt(hdcWindow,
		0, 0,
		rcClient.right, rcClient.bottom,
		hdcScreen,
		0, 0,
		GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN),
		GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN),
		SRCCOPY))
	{
		MessageBox(hWnd, _T("StretchBlt has failed"), _T("Failed"), MB_OK);
		goto done;
	}
 
	// Create a compatible bitmap from the Window DC
	hbmScreen = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdcWindow, rcClient.right - rcClient.left, rcClient.bottom - rcClient.top);
 
	if (!hbmScreen)
	{
		MessageBox(hWnd, _T("CreateCompatibleBitmap Failed"), _T("Failed"), MB_OK);
		goto done;
	}
 
	// Select the compatible bitmap into the compatible memory DC.
	SelectObject(hdcMemDC, hbmScreen);
 
	// Bit block transfer into our compatible memory DC.
	if (!BitBlt(hdcMemDC,
		0, 0,
		rcClient.right - rcClient.left, rcClient.bottom - rcClient.top,
		hdcWindow,
		0, 0,
		SRCCOPY))
	{
		MessageBox(hWnd, _T("BitBlt has failed"), _T("Failed"), MB_OK);
		goto done;
	}
 
	// Get the BITMAP from the HBITMAP
	GetObject(hbmScreen, sizeof(BITMAP), &bmpScreen);
 
	BITMAPFILEHEADER   bmfHeader;
	BITMAPINFOHEADER   bi;
 
	bi.biSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
	bi.biWidth = bmpScreen.bmWidth;
	bi.biHeight = bmpScreen.bmHeight;
	bi.biPlanes = 1;
	bi.biBitCount = 32;
	bi.biCompression = BI_RGB;
	bi.biSizeImage = 0;
	bi.biXPelsPerMeter = 0;
	bi.biYPelsPerMeter = 0;
	bi.biClrUsed = 0;
	bi.biClrImportant = 0;
 
	DWORD dwBmpSize = ((bmpScreen.bmWidth * bi.biBitCount + 31) / 32) * 4 * bmpScreen.bmHeight;
 
	// Starting with 32-bit Windows, GlobalAlloc and LocalAlloc are implemented as wrapper functions that 
	// call HeapAlloc using a handle to the process's default heap. Therefore, GlobalAlloc and LocalAlloc 
	// have greater overhead than HeapAlloc.
	HANDLE hDIB = GlobalAlloc(GHND, dwBmpSize);
	char *lpbitmap = (char *)GlobalLock(hDIB);
 
	// Gets the "bits" from the bitmap and copies them into a buffer 
	// which is pointed to by lpbitmap.
	GetDIBits(hdcWindow, hbmScreen, 0,
		(UINT)bmpScreen.bmHeight,
		lpbitmap,
		(BITMAPINFO *)&bi, DIB_RGB_COLORS);
 
	// A file is created, this is where we will save the screen capture.
	HANDLE hFile = CreateFile(filename,
		GENERIC_WRITE,
		0,
		NULL,
		CREATE_ALWAYS,
		FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
 
	// Add the size of the headers to the size of the bitmap to get the total file size
	DWORD dwSizeofDIB = dwBmpSize + sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
 
	//Offset to where the actual bitmap bits start.
	bmfHeader.bfOffBits = (DWORD)sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + (DWORD)sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
 
	//Size of the file
	bmfHeader.bfSize = dwSizeofDIB;
 
	//bfType must always be BM for Bitmaps
	bmfHeader.bfType = 0x4D42; //BM   
 
	DWORD dwBytesWritten = 0;
	WriteFile(hFile, (LPSTR)&bmfHeader, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER), &dwBytesWritten, NULL);
	WriteFile(hFile, (LPSTR)&bi, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER), &dwBytesWritten, NULL);
	WriteFile(hFile, (LPSTR)lpbitmap, dwBmpSize, &dwBytesWritten, NULL);
 
	//Unlock and Free the DIB from the heap
	GlobalUnlock(hDIB);
	GlobalFree(hDIB);
 
	//Close the handle for the file that was created
	CloseHandle(hFile);
 
	//Clean up
done:
	DeleteObject(hbmScreen);
	DeleteObject(hdcMemDC);
	ReleaseDC(NULL, hdcScreen);
	ReleaseDC(hWnd, hdcWindow);
 
	return 0;
}
 
/* This is where all the input to the window goes to */
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hwnd , 
                          UINT Message , 
                          WPARAM wParam ,
                          LPARAM lParam ) 
{
  HDC hdc ;
  PAINTSTRUCT ps ;
 
  switch (Message)
  {
    case WM_PAINT : 
    {
      int x , y , picno ;
      d3d o , d ; 
      unsigned long color ;
      hdc = BeginPaint( hwnd , &ps ) ;
      //film
//      for ( picno = 0 ; picno < 32 ; picno++ )
//      {
      // scene
      // reset number of spheres
      spheretel = 0 ;
      // place light
      light.fill( -1.0 , 1.0 , -1.0 ) ;
      // place and rotate avatar
      link( 1 , 0.0 , 100 - winy / 2 , 0.0 , 
            30.0 , 0.0 , 0.0 , XYZ , 0 ) ;
      // animate avatar
      // human_walk( picno * 360.0 / 32 , 30 ) ;
      // draw avatar
      human( YELLOW , BLUE ) ;
      // draw ground
      sphere( 0.0 , -INFINITY - winy / 2 , 0.0
        , INFINITY , ( WHITE + GREEN ) / 2 ) ;
		
      //create scene on window
      for ( x = 0 ; x < winx ; x++ )
      {
        for ( y = 0 ; y < winy ; y++ )
        {
          o.fill( 0.0 , 0.0 , -1000.0 ) ;
          d.fill( (double)x , (double)y , 1000.0 ) ;
	  color = render( o , d , 7 ).toColor() ;
          SetPixel( hdc , x , y , color ) ;
        }
      } // end of drawing frame
//      TCHAR buf[ 256 ] ;
//      frameName( buf , _countof( buf ) , 
//        _T( "human" ) , _T( "bmp" ) , picno , 2 ) ; 
//        int dummy = CaptureAnImage( hwnd , _T( buf ) ;

//    } // end film loop

      EndPaint( hwnd , &ps ) ;
      break ;
    }
/* Upon destruction, tell the main thread to stop */
    case WM_DESTROY : 
    {
      PostQuitMessage( 0 ) ;
      break ;
    }
/* All other messages (a lot of them) are processed using default procedures */
    default :
      return DefWindowProc(hwnd, Message, wParam, lParam);
  }
  return 0 ;
}
 
/* The 'main' function of Win32 GUI programs: this is where execution starts */
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) {
	WNDCLASSEX wc; /* A properties struct of our window */
	HWND hwnd; /* A 'HANDLE', hence the H, or a pointer to our window */
	MSG msg; /* A temporary location for all messages */
 
			 /* zero out the struct and set the stuff we want to modify */
	memset(&wc, 0, sizeof(wc));
	wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; /* This is where we will send messages to */
	wc.hInstance = hInstance;
	wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
 
	/* White, COLOR_WINDOW is just a #define for a system color, try Ctrl+Clicking it */
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1);
	wc.lpszClassName = "WindowClass";
	wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); /* Load a standard icon */
	wc.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); /* use the name "A" to use the project icon */
 
	if (!RegisterClassEx(&wc)) {
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("Window Registration Failed!"), _T("Error!"), MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK);
		return 0;
	}
 
	hwnd = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, _T("WindowClass"), _T("Caption"), WS_VISIBLE | WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
		CW_USEDEFAULT, /* x */
		CW_USEDEFAULT, /* y */
		winx, /* width */
		winy, /* height */
		NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
 
	if (hwnd == NULL) {
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("Window Creation Failed!"), _T("Error!"), MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK);
		return 0;
	}
 
	/*
	This is the heart of our program where all input is processed and
	sent to WndProc. Note that GetMessage blocks code flow until it receives something, so
	this loop will not produce unreasonably high CPU usage
	*/
	while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0) { /* If no error is received... */
		TranslateMessage(&msg); /* Translate key codes to chars if present */
		DispatchMessage(&msg); /* Send it to WndProc */
	}
	return msg.wParam;
}

cxiu diferas el tio respondas cxio samvaloras
[ Esperanto : everybody is different conclusion everybody is equal ]

Re: raytracer

bluatigro22-Oct-17 22:37

bluatigro

22-Oct-17 22:37

update :
i got most of the error's removed

2 error remains :
i got a back picture on screen
i can't find 'black.bmp' on my pc

// bluatigro 23 okt 2017
// windows raytracer 0.4

#include <windows.h>
#include <string>
#include <math.h>
#include <tchar.h>

const int winx = 800 ;
const int winy = 600 ;

#define SMALL 1e-300
#define PI 3.14159265358979323846

// double3d
class d3d
{
public :
  double x , y , z ;
  d3d()
  {
    x = 0.0 ;
    y = 0.0 ;
    z = 0.0 ;
  }
  d3d( double X , double Y , double Z )
  {
    x = X ;
    y = Y ;
    z = Z ;
  }
  void fill( double X , double Y , double Z )
  {
    x = X ;
    y = Y ;
    z = Z ;
  }
  unsigned long toColor()
  {
    return (unsigned long)
      ( floor( x * 255 ) +
        floor( y * 255 ) * 256 +
        floor( z * 255 ) * 256 * 256 ) ;
  }
} ;
d3d operator + ( d3d a , d3d b )
{
  return d3d( a.x + b.x ,
              a.y + b.y ,
              a.z + b.z ) ;
}
d3d operator - ( d3d a , d3d b )
{
  return d3d( a.x - b.x ,
              a.y - b.y ,
              a.z - b.z ) ;
}
d3d operator / ( d3d a , double b )
{
  return d3d( a.x / b ,
              a.y / b ,
              a.z / b ) ;
}
d3d operator * ( d3d a , double b )
{
  return d3d( a.x * b ,
              a.y * b ,
              a.z * b ) ;
}
double dot( d3d a , d3d b )
{
  return a.x * b.x
       + a.y * b.y
       + a.z * b.z ;
}
double length( d3d a )
{
  return sqrt( dot( a , a ) ) ;
}
d3d normalize( d3d a )
{
  return a / length( a ) ;
}
double getAngle( d3d a , d3d b )
{
  double d , la , lb ;
  d = dot( a , b ) ;
  la = length( a ) ;
  lb = length( b ) ;
  return acos( d / ( la * lb ) ) ;
}
d3d cross( d3d a , d3d b )
{
   return d3d( a.y * b.z - a.z * b.y ,
               a.z * b.x - a.x * b.z ,
               a.x * b.y - a.y * b.x ) ;
}
// primary colors
const d3d BLACK   = d3d( 0.0 , 0.0 , 0.0 ) ;
const d3d RED     = d3d( 1.0 , 0.0 , 0.0 ) ;
const d3d GREEN   = d3d( 0.0 , 1.0 , 0.0 ) ;
const d3d YELLOW  = d3d( 1.0 , 1.0 , 0.0 ) ;
const d3d BLUE    = d3d( 0.0 , 0.0 , 1.0 ) ;
const d3d MAGENTA = d3d( 1.0 , 0.0 , 1.0 ) ;
const d3d CYAN    = d3d( 0.0 , 1.0 , 1.0 ) ;
const d3d WHITE   = d3d( 1.0 , 1.0 , 1.0 ) ;
// mix colors
const d3d GRAY    = WHITE / 2.0 ;
const d3d ORANGE  = ( YELLOW + RED ) / 2.0 ;
const d3d PINK    = ( WHITE + RED ) / 2.0 ;

// matrix
class m44
{
public :
  double m[ 4 ][ 4 ] ;
  m44()
  {
    int i , j ;
    for ( i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i++ )
    {
      for ( j = 0 ; j < 4 ; j++ )
        m[ i ][ j ] = 0.0 ;
      m[ i ][ i ] = 1.0 ;
    }
  }
  ~m44()
  {
    // here : give memory back
  }
  void translate( double x , double y , double z )
  {
    m[ 3 ][ 0 ] = x ;
    m[ 3 ][ 1 ] = y ;
    m[ 3 ][ 2 ] = z ;
  }
  void rotate( double deg , int ax )
  {
    int a = 1 , b = 2 ;
    if ( ax == 1 )
    {
      a = 0 ;
      b = 2 ;
    }
    if ( ax == 2 )
    {
      a = 0 ;
      b = 1 ;
    }
    m[ a ][ a ] = cos( deg * PI / 180 ) ;
    m[ a ][ b ] = -sin( deg * PI / 180 ) ;
    m[ b ][ a ] = sin( deg * PI / 180 ) ;
    m[ b ][ b ] = cos( deg * PI / 180 ) ;
  }
} ;
m44 operator * ( m44 a , m44 b )
{
  int i , j , k ;
  m44 uit ;
  for ( i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i++ )
  {
    for ( j = 0 ; j < 4 ; j++ )
    {
      uit.m[ i ][ j ] = 0.0 ;
      for ( k = 0 ; k < 4 ; k++ )
        uit.m[ i ][ j ] += a.m[ i ][ k ] * b.m[ k ][ j ] ;
    }
  }
  return uit ;
}
d3d operator * ( m44 m , d3d v )
{
  return d3d( m.m[0][0]*v.x+m.m[1][0]*v.y+m.m[2][0]+m.m[3][0]
            , m.m[0][1]*v.x+m.m[1][1]*v.y+m.m[2][1]+m.m[3][1]
            , m.m[0][2]*v.x+m.m[1][2]*v.y+m.m[2][2]+m.m[3][2]);
}
m44 inverse( m44 q )
{
// only rotation matrix
  double d ;
  m44 uit ;

  d = q.m[0][0]*q.m[1][1]*q.m[2][2]
    - q.m[0][0]*q.m[2][1]*q.m[1][2]
    + q.m[1][0]*q.m[2][1]*q.m[0][2]
    - q.m[1][0]*q.m[0][1]*q.m[2][2]
    + q.m[2][0]*q.m[0][1]*q.m[1][2]
    - q.m[2][0]*q.m[1][1]*q.m[0][2] ;

  uit.m[0][0]=(q.m[1][1]*q.m[2][2]-q.m[1][2]*q.m[2][1])/d;
  uit.m[1][0]=(q.m[0][1]*q.m[2][2]-q.m[0][2]*q.m[2][1])/d;
  uit.m[2][0]=(q.m[0][1]*q.m[1][2]-q.m[0][2]*q.m[1][1])/d;
  uit.m[0][1]=(q.m[1][0]*q.m[2][2]-q.m[1][2]*q.m[2][0])/d;
  uit.m[1][1]=(q.m[0][0]*q.m[2][2]-q.m[0][2]*q.m[2][0])/d;
  uit.m[2][1]=(q.m[0][0]*q.m[1][2]-q.m[0][2]*q.m[1][0])/d;
  uit.m[0][2]=(q.m[1][0]*q.m[2][1]-q.m[1][1]*q.m[2][0])/d;
  uit.m[1][2]=(q.m[0][0]*q.m[2][1]-q.m[0][1]*q.m[2][0])/d;
  uit.m[2][2]=(q.m[0][0]*q.m[1][1]-q.m[0][1]*q.m[1][2])/d;

  return uit ;
}

// 3d engine

d3d SK[ 64 ] ;
m44 V[ 20 ] ;
int number ;
const int xyz = 0 ;
const int xzy = 1 ;
const int yxz = 2 ;
const int yzx = 3 ;
const int zxy = 4 ;
const int zyx = 5 ;

void link( int no , double x , double y , double z
, double pan , double tilt , double rol , int ax , int p )
{
// create a new matrix
// will afect furture drawings

  if ( no < 1 ) return ;
  if ( no >= 20 ) return ;
  if ( p < 0 ) return ;
  if ( p >= 20 ) return ;
  if ( p == no ) return ;

  m44 trans , rotx , roty , rotz ;
  trans.translate( x , y , z ) ;
  rotx.rotate( tilt , 0 ) ;
  roty.rotate( pan , 1 ) ;
  rotz.rotate( rol , 2 ) ;

  switch( ax )
  {
    case xyz :
      V[ no ] = rotx * roty * rotz * trans * V[ p ] ;
    break ;
    case xzy :
      V[ no ] = rotx * rotz * roty * trans * V[ p ] ;
    break ;
    case yxz :
      V[ no ] = roty * rotx * rotz * trans * V[ p ] ;
    break ;
    case yzx :
      V[ no ] = roty * rotz * rotx * trans * V[ p ] ;
    break ;
    case zxy :
      V[ no ] = rotz * rotx * roty * trans * V[ p ] ;
    break ;
    case zyx :
      V[ no ] = rotz * roty * rotx * trans * V[ p ] ;
    break ;
    default :
      V[ no ] = rotx * roty * rotz * trans * V[ p ] ;
  }
  number = no ;
}

void child( int no , double x , double y , double z
, int lim , int ax , int p )
{
// create a lim matrix
// for animated avatar building

  if ( lim < 0 ) return ;
  if ( lim >= 64 ) return ;
  link( no , x , y , z
  , SK[ lim ].y , SK[ lim ].x , SK[ lim ].z
  , ax , p ) ;
}

void skelet( int lim , double x , double y , double z )
{
// set the angles [ in degees ]
// of a lim of a avartar

  if ( lim < 0 ) return ;
  if ( lim >= 64 ) return ;
  SK[ lim ].fill( x , y , z ) ;
}

double pend( double fase , double amp )
{
// for smooth animations

  return sin( fase * PI / 180 ) * amp ;
}

d3d spot( d3d q )
{
// from lokal to world coordinates

  return V[ number ] * q ;
}

// end 3d engine

struct Matrial
{
  d3d diffuse ;
  double reflection ;
} ;
Matrial material ;

class Sphere
{
public :
  d3d center ;
  double radius , radius2 ;
  Matrial mat ;
  void fill( d3d c , double r )
  {
    center = spot( c ) ;
    radius = r ;
    radius2 = r * r ;
    mat = material ;
  }
  double hit( d3d o , d3d d )
  {
    double t , a , b , c , disc ;
    d3d temp = o - center ;
    a = dot( d , d ) ;
    b = 2 * dot( temp , d ) ;
    c = dot( temp , temp ) - radius2 ;
    disc = b * b - 4 * a * c ;
    if ( disc < 0 )
      return INFINITY ;
    else
    {
      double e = sqrt( disc ) ;
      double demon = 2 * a ;
      t = ( -b - e ) / demon ;
      if ( t > SMALL ) return t ;
      t = ( -b + e ) / demon ;
      if ( t > SMALL ) return t ;
    }
    return INFINITY ;
  }
} ;

Sphere spheres[ 100 ] ;
int spheretel ;
void sphere( double x , double y , double z
           , double r , d3d color )
{
  d3d pt ;
  pt.fill( x , y , z ) ;
  material.diffuse = color ;
  spheres[ spheretel ].fill( pt , r ) ;
  spheretel++ ;
}

d3d light;

d3d render( d3d o , d3d d , int depth )
{
  double dist , sphdist = INFINITY ;
  int i , isph = -1 ;
  for ( i = 0 ; i < spheretel ; i++ )
  {
    dist = spheres[ i ].hit( o , d ) ;
    if ( dist < sphdist )
    {
      sphdist = dist ;
      isph = i ;
    }
  }
  if (isph == -1) return BLACK ;
  d3d p , n ;
  p = o + d * sphdist ;
  n = p - spheres[ isph ].center ;
  double a = getAngle( n , light ) ;
  d3d color = spheres[ isph ].mat.diffuse ;
  color = color * ( 0.5 + cos( a * 2 ) / 2 ) ;
  if ( a > PI / 2 ) color = BLACK ;
  for ( i = 0 ; i < spheretel ; i++ )
  {
    if ( i != isph )
    {
      a = spheres[ i ].hit( p , light ) ;
      if ( a == INFINITY ) color = BLACK ;
    }
  }
  return color ;
}

// lim consts for avatar
const int arm   = 1 ;
const int elbow = 2 ;
const int wrist = 3 ;
const int leg   = 4 ;
const int knee  = 5 ;
const int enkle = 6 ;
const int neck  = 7 ;
const int eye   = 8 ;
const int wenk  = 9 ;
const int tail  = 10 ;
const int thumb = 11 ;
const int index = 14 ;
const int midle = 17 ;
const int ring  = 20 ;
const int lr    = 32 ;

void Kop( int qq , d3d kl )
{
    link( 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, xyz, number ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 30, kl ) ;
    if ( qq == 1 )
    {
        sphere( 25, 25, 0, 9, kl ) ;
        sphere( -25, 25, 0, 9, kl ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, -40, 12, GRAY ) ;
    }
    else
    {
        sphere( 30, 0, 0, 9, kl ) ;
        sphere( -30, 0, 0, 9, kl ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, -40, 12, kl ) ;
    }
    child( 16, 14, 14, -14, eye , xyz, 15 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 13, WHITE ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, -10, 7, BLACK ) ;
    child( 16, -14, 14, -14, eye + lr, xyz, 15 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 13, WHITE ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, -10, 7, BLACK ) ;
}

void human( d3d trui , d3d broek )
{
// example of a avatar
// has a skeleton whith can be animated
    link( 9 , 0,0,0 , 0,0,0 , xyz , number ) ;
        sphere( 0, 50, 0, 30, trui ) ;
        sphere( 0, 25, 0, 23, broek ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 15, broek ) ;
    child( 11, 0, 70, 0, neck, xyz, 9 ) ;
    child( 12, 0, 30, 0, neck+lr, xyz, 11 ) ;
        Kop( 0, PINK ) ;
    child( 11, 20, -10, 0, leg, yzx, 9 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 16, broek ) ;
        sphere( 0, -20, 0, 16, broek ) ;
    child( 12, 0, -40, 0, knee, xyz, 11 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 16, broek ) ;
        sphere( 0, -20, 0, 16, broek ) ;
    child( 13, 0, -40, 0, enkle, xzy, 12 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 12, GRAY ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, -20, 12, GRAY ) ;
    child( 11, -20, -10, 0, leg+lr , yzx, 9 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 16, broek ) ;
        sphere( 0, -20, 0, 16, broek ) ;
    child( 12, 0, -40, 0, knee+lr, xyz, 11 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 16, broek ) ;
        sphere( 0, -20, 0,16, broek ) ;
    child( 13, 0, -40, 0,enkle+lr, xzy, 12 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 12, GRAY ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, -20, 12, GRAY ) ;
    child( 11, 40, 60, 0, arm, xzy, 9 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 16, trui ) ;
        sphere( 6, -20, 0, 12, trui ) ;
    child( 12, 6, -40, 0, elbow, xyz, 11 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 12, trui ) ;
        sphere( 0, -20, 0, 12, trui ) ;
        sphere( 0, -42, 0, 8, PINK ) ;
    child( 11, -40, 60, 0, arm+lr, xzy, 9 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 16, trui ) ;
        sphere( -6, -20, 0, 12, trui ) ;
    child( 12, -6, -40, 0, elbow+lr, xyz, 11 ) ;
        sphere( 0, 0, 0, 12, trui ) ;
        sphere( 0, -20, 0, 12, trui ) ;
        sphere( 0, -42, 0, 8, PINK ) ;
} // end human avatar

void human_walk( double f , double a )
{
// example of a animation
    skelet( arm , pend( f , a ) , 0 , 0 ) ;
    skelet( elbow , -abs( a ) , 0 , 0 ) ;
    skelet( arm + lr , pend( f + 180, a ) , 0 , 0 ) ;
    skelet( elbow + lr , -abs( a ) , 0 , 0 ) ;
    skelet( leg , pend( f + 180 , a ) , 0 , 0 ) ;
    skelet( knee , pend( f + 90 , a ) + a , 0 , 0 ) ;
    skelet( leg + lr , pend( f , a ) , 0 , 0 ) ;
    skelet( knee + lr , pend( f - 90 , a ) + a , 0 , 0 ) ;
}

void frameName ( TCHAR* buffer ,
                 int bufsize ,
                 const TCHAR* nameStart ,
                 const TCHAR* ext ,
                 int no , int len )
{
// format string must be ascii ..
// do not change these 2 lines even on unicode
// I know its strange but thats the way it is ..
// format strings are always ascii
/*  char fmtstring[ 32 ] ;
  sprintf_s( fmtstring , _countof( fmtstring ) ,
    "%s%i%s" , "%s%0" , len , "i.%s" ) ;
// Okay now we swing unicode/ascii for actual string
  _stprintf_s( buffer , bufsize ,
    fmtstring , nameStart , no , ext ) ;
*/
}

int CaptureAnImage( HWND hWnd , char* filename )
{
	HDC hdcScreen;
	HDC hdcWindow;
	HDC hdcMemDC = NULL;
	HBITMAP hbmScreen = NULL;
	BITMAP bmpScreen;

	// Retrieve the handle to a display device context for the client
	// area of the window.
	hdcScreen = GetDC(NULL);
	hdcWindow = GetDC(hWnd);

	// Create a compatible DC which is used in a BitBlt from the window DC
	hdcMemDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hdcWindow);

	if (!hdcMemDC)
	{
		MessageBox(hWnd, _T("CreateCompatibleDC has failed"),
              _T("Failed"), MB_OK) ;
	}
    else
    {
	// Get the client area for size calculation
	RECT rcClient;
	GetClientRect(hWnd, &rcClient);

	//This is the best stretch mode
	SetStretchBltMode(hdcWindow, HALFTONE);

	//The source DC is the entire screen and the destination DC is the current window (HWND)
	if (!StretchBlt(hdcWindow,
		0, 0,
		rcClient.right, rcClient.bottom,
		hdcScreen,
		0, 0,
		GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN),
		GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN),
		SRCCOPY))
	{
		MessageBox(hWnd, _T("StretchBlt has failed"),
              _T("Failed"), MB_OK) ;
	}
    else
    {
	// Create a compatible bitmap from the Window DC
	hbmScreen = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdcWindow, rcClient.right - rcClient.left, rcClient.bottom - rcClient.top);

	if (!hbmScreen)
	{
		MessageBox(hWnd, _T("CreateCompatibleBitmap Failed"),
              _T("Failed"), MB_OK) ;
	}
    else
    {
	// Select the compatible bitmap into the compatible memory DC.
	SelectObject(hdcMemDC, hbmScreen);

	// Bit block transfer into our compatible memory DC.
	if (!BitBlt(hdcMemDC,
		0, 0,
		rcClient.right - rcClient.left, rcClient.bottom - rcClient.top,
		hdcWindow,
		0, 0,
		SRCCOPY))
	{
		MessageBox(hWnd,
             _T("BitBlt has failed"),
             _T("Failed"), MB_OK) ;
    }
    else
    {

	// Get the BITMAP from the HBITMAP
	GetObject(hbmScreen, sizeof(BITMAP), &bmpScreen);

	BITMAPFILEHEADER   bmfHeader;
	BITMAPINFOHEADER   bi;

	bi.biSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
	bi.biWidth = bmpScreen.bmWidth;
	bi.biHeight = bmpScreen.bmHeight;
	bi.biPlanes = 1;
	bi.biBitCount = 32;
	bi.biCompression = BI_RGB;
	bi.biSizeImage = 0;
	bi.biXPelsPerMeter = 0;
	bi.biYPelsPerMeter = 0;
	bi.biClrUsed = 0;
	bi.biClrImportant = 0;

	DWORD dwBmpSize = ((bmpScreen.bmWidth * bi.biBitCount + 31) / 32) * 4 * bmpScreen.bmHeight;

	// Starting with 32-bit Windows, GlobalAlloc and LocalAlloc are implemented as wrapper functions that
	// call HeapAlloc using a handle to the process's default heap. Therefore, GlobalAlloc and LocalAlloc
	// have greater overhead than HeapAlloc.
	HANDLE hDIB = GlobalAlloc(GHND, dwBmpSize);
	char *lpbitmap = (char *)GlobalLock(hDIB);

	// Gets the "bits" from the bitmap and copies them into a buffer
	// which is pointed to by lpbitmap.
	GetDIBits(hdcWindow, hbmScreen, 0,
		(UINT)bmpScreen.bmHeight,
		lpbitmap,
		(BITMAPINFO *)&bi, DIB_RGB_COLORS);

	// A file is created, this is where we will save the screen capture.
	HANDLE hFile = CreateFile(filename,
		GENERIC_WRITE,
		0,
		NULL,
		CREATE_ALWAYS,
		FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);

	// Add the size of the headers to the size of the bitmap to get the total file size
	DWORD dwSizeofDIB = dwBmpSize + sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);

	//Offset to where the actual bitmap bits start.
	bmfHeader.bfOffBits = (DWORD)sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + (DWORD)sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);

	//Size of the file
	bmfHeader.bfSize = dwSizeofDIB;

	//bfType must always be BM for Bitmaps
	bmfHeader.bfType = 0x4D42; //BM

	DWORD dwBytesWritten = 0;
	WriteFile(hFile, (LPSTR)&bmfHeader, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER), &dwBytesWritten, NULL);
	WriteFile(hFile, (LPSTR)&bi, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER), &dwBytesWritten, NULL);
	WriteFile(hFile, (LPSTR)lpbitmap, dwBmpSize, &dwBytesWritten, NULL);

	//Unlock and Free the DIB from the heap
	GlobalUnlock(hDIB);
	GlobalFree(hDIB);

	//Close the handle for the file that was created
	CloseHandle(hFile);
    }
    }
    }
    }
	//Clean up
	DeleteObject(hbmScreen);
	DeleteObject(hdcMemDC);
	ReleaseDC(NULL, hdcScreen);
	ReleaseDC(hWnd, hdcWindow);

	return 0;
}

/* This is where all the input to the window goes to */
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hwnd ,
                          UINT Message ,
                          WPARAM wParam ,
                          LPARAM lParam )
{
  HDC hdc ;
  PAINTSTRUCT ps ;

  switch (Message)
  {
    case WM_PAINT :
    {
      int x , y , picno ;
      d3d o , d ;
      unsigned long color ;
      hdc = BeginPaint( hwnd , &ps ) ;
      //film
//      for ( picno = 0 ; picno < 32 ; picno++ )
//      {
      // scene
      // reset number of spheres
      spheretel = 0 ;
      // place light
      light.fill( -1.0 , 1.0 , -1.0 ) ;
      // place and rotate avatar
      link( 1 , 0.0 , 100 - winy / 2 , 0.0 ,
            30.0 , 0.0 , 0.0 , xyz , 0 ) ;
      // animate avatar
      // human_walk( picno * 360.0 / 32 , 30 ) ;
      // draw avatar
      human( YELLOW , BLUE ) ;
      // draw ground
      sphere( 0.0 , -INFINITY - winy / 2 , 0.0
        , INFINITY , ( WHITE + GREEN ) / 2 ) ;

      //create scene on window
      for ( x = 0 ; x < winx ; x++ )
      {
        for ( y = 0 ; y < winy ; y++ )
        {
          o.fill( 0.0 , 0.0 , -1000.0 ) ;
          d.fill( (double)x , (double)y , 1000.0 ) ;
	  color = render( o , d , 7 ).toColor() ;
          SetPixel( hdc , x , y , color ) ;
        }
      } // end of drawing frame
//      TCHAR buf[ 256 ] ;
//      frameName( buf , _countof( buf ) ,
//        _T( "human" ) , _T( "bmp" ) , picno , 2 ) ;
int dummy = CaptureAnImage( hwnd , _T( "black.bmp" ) ;

//    } // end film loop

      EndPaint( hwnd , &ps ) ;
      break ;
    }
/* Upon destruction, tell the main thread to stop */
    case WM_DESTROY :
    {
      PostQuitMessage( 0 ) ;
      break ;
    }
/* All other messages (a lot of them) are processed using default procedures */
    default :
      return DefWindowProc(hwnd, Message, wParam, lParam);
  }
  return 0 ;
}

/* The 'main' function of Win32 GUI programs: this is where execution starts */
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) {
	WNDCLASSEX wc; /* A properties struct of our window */
	HWND hwnd; /* A 'HANDLE', hence the H, or a pointer to our window */
	MSG msg; /* A temporary location for all messages */

			 /* zero out the struct and set the stuff we want to modify */
	memset(&wc, 0, sizeof(wc));
	wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; /* This is where we will send messages to */
	wc.hInstance = hInstance;
	wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);

	/* White, COLOR_WINDOW is just a #define for a system color, try Ctrl+Clicking it */
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1);
	wc.lpszClassName = "WindowClass";
	wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); /* Load a standard icon */
	wc.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); /* use the name "A" to use the project icon */

	if (!RegisterClassEx(&wc)) {
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("Window Registration Failed!"), _T("Error!"), MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK);
		return 0;
	}

	hwnd = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, _T("WindowClass"), _T("Caption"), WS_VISIBLE | WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
		CW_USEDEFAULT, /* x */
		CW_USEDEFAULT, /* y */
		winx, /* width */
		winy, /* height */
		NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

	if (hwnd == NULL) {
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("Window Creation Failed!"), _T("Error!"), MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK);
		return 0;
	}

	/*
	This is the heart of our program where all input is processed and
	sent to WndProc. Note that GetMessage blocks code flow until it receives something, so
	this loop will not produce unreasonably high CPU usage
	*/
	while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0) { /* If no error is received... */
		TranslateMessage(&msg); /* Translate key codes to chars if present */
		DispatchMessage(&msg); /* Send it to WndProc */
	}
	return msg.wParam;
}

CPP Syntax

Bram van Kampen28-Sep-17 11:17

Bram van Kampen

28-Sep-17 11:17

Hi,
I have a Class, which contains as member another class. This latter contained class has no default constructor, but requires a Parameter in it's constructor. How do I call this latter constructor in the constructor of the first class. This is a General CPP Question, but it is a bit abstract, so I give a Concrete example:

For instance:
I have a class derived from CDialog. It contains four instances of a custom class CDragBar. The CDragBar class in it's constructor determines whether it is horizontal or vertical. (one cannot have an indeterminate one) In this case I know ways around this conundrum,(e.g. Provide a default constructor for the CDragBar class, and provide methods like SetVertical() and SetHorizontal(), to be called in the 'CDialog derived classes constructor') but wonder is there a CPP syntax that could be used instead. The example I gave is in a way quite trivial. The Colon separated Constructor List only works for base class constructors of the main classes constructor in Microsoft Compilers, and not for contained member classes.

Anyone any ideas? Even if the idea is that no such syntax exists.

Kind Regards,

Bram van Kampen

modified 28-Sep-17 17:24pm.

Re: CPP Syntax

CPallini28-Sep-17 22:16

CPallini

28-Sep-17 22:16

Do you mean something like

C++

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class A
{
  int _i;
public:
  A(int i):_i(i){}
  int get() const {return _i;}
};


class B
{
  A _a;

public:
  B():_a(10){}
  B(int i):_a(i){}

  const A & get(){ return _a;}
};


int main()
{
  B b0;
  B b1(1);
  cout << b0.get().get() << ", " << b1.get().get() << endl;
}

Re: CPP Syntax

Bram van Kampen6-Oct-17 13:51

Bram van Kampen

6-Oct-17 13:51

Well,

The issue is very similar to that example.

I note the curly braces and the absence of a terminating semi colon.

What is the reasoning behind the syntax.

Does that syntax intentionally leave out the terminating semi colon, or, is that an oversight?

Going to try that!

Thanks and Regards Smile | :)

Bram van Kampen

Comparing Files for Differences

Member 1343302227-Sep-17 3:42

Member 13433022

27-Sep-17 3:42

modified 24-Nov-17 13:55pm.

Re: Comparing Files for Differences

jeron127-Sep-17 4:09

jeron1

27-Sep-17 4:09

Can you solve it on a piece of paper? While many could, no one is going to write the code for you. Give it a shot, and if you have specific questions, people here are usually more than willing to help.

"the debugger doesn't tell me anything because this code compiles just fine" - random QA comment
"Facebook is where you tell lies to your friends. Twitter is where you tell the truth to strangers." - chriselst
"I don't drink any more... then again, I don't drink any less." - Mike Mullikins uncle

Re: Comparing Files for Differences

David Crow27-Sep-17 5:24

David Crow

27-Sep-17 5:24

Have you considered FC from a command prompt?

"One man's wage rise is another man's price increase." - Harold Wilson

"Fireproof doesn't mean the fire will never come. It means when the fire comes that you will be able to withstand it." - Michael Simmons

"You can easily judge the character of a man by how he treats those who can do nothing for him." - James D. Miles

Re: Comparing Files for Differences

jschell27-Sep-17 9:23

jschell

27-Sep-17 9:23

If you are looking for a solution and not just to code it then you can google for an open source software called winmerge. It allows for a command line option to produce a diff and provides for UI view as well as various configuration options.

There are other tools as well.

Re: Comparing Files for Differences

Member 1343302228-Sep-17 2:41

Member 13433022

28-Sep-17 2:41

.

-- modified 24-Nov-17 13:56pm.

Re: Comparing Files for Differences

Jochen Arndt28-Sep-17 3:29

Jochen Arndt

28-Sep-17 3:29

Member 13433022 wrote:
regardless of the order in which those paragraphs are placed in the two different files

With that requirement I don't know any existing tool because those usually try to find the next identical sequence.

But writing such a tool for your requirement is not very difficult:

Read file 2 completely into allocated memory (one more byte to append a NULL char)
Count the number of lines (number of LF chars)
Allocate a buffer for char* pointers to hold the pointers to the beginning of each line
Fill the line pointer buffer (search for next LF and store address plus one)
Read file 1 line by line and check if that line matches any line from the file 2 buffer
If there is no match, write the line to file 3

Message Closed

29-Sep-17 4:00

Member 13433022

29-Sep-17 4:00

Message Closed

modified 24-Nov-17 14:01pm.

Re: Comparing Files for Differences

jeron129-Sep-17 4:47

jeron1

29-Sep-17 4:47

Please read this link HOW TO ASK A QUESTION - C / C++ / MFC Discussion Boards[^] near the top of this page, specifically #2. Many people here are very knowledgeable and will help you with questions during your coding endeavors, but generally will not serve up code to order.

Re: Comparing Files for Differences

Jochen Arndt29-Sep-17 4:58

Jochen Arndt

29-Sep-17 4:58

I would use the C standard library functions fopen, fread (full file), fgets (read line), strchr (find NL), and strncmp (find match).

A quick try from scratch without error checking (therefore untested):

C++

// Maybe not all required header are shown here
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

// Get file size, allocate buffer, and read file 2 into memory
struct stat st;
stat(file2, &st);
char *buf = new char[st.st_size + 1];
FILE *f2 = fopen(file2, "rb");
fread(buf, 1, st.st_size, f2);
fclose(f2);
buf[st.st_size] = 0;

// Count lines
unsigned lines = 0;
char *p = buf;
while (NULL != (p = strchr(p, '\n')))
{
    p++;
    lines++;
}

// Get line pointers
char **lineptr = new char* [lines+1];
p = buf;
unsigned i = 0;
lineptr[0] = buf;
while (NULL != (p = strchr(p, '\n')))
{
    lineptr[++i] = ++p;
}

// Must be large enough to hold max. line length
char linebuf[1024];
FILE *f1 = fopen(file1, "rb");
FILE *f3 = fopen(file3, "wb");
do
{
    if (NULL == fgets(linebuf, sizeof(linebuf), f1))
        break;
    if (0 == linebuf[0])
        break;
    // Ignore empty lines
    if ('\r' == linebuf[0] || '\n' == linebuf[0])
        continue;
    for (i = 0; i < lines; i++)
    {
        if (0 == strncmp(linebuf, lineptr[i], strlen(linebuf)))
            break;
    }
    if (i >= lines)
        fputs(linebuf, f3);
}
while (!feof(f1));
fclose(f3);
fclose(f1);
delete [] lineptr;
delete [] buf;

Re: Comparing Files for Differences

jschell29-Sep-17 6:57

jschell

29-Sep-17 6:57

Member 13433022 wrote:
Since I do not have experience in programming,

What does that mean?

If you have zero experience then this shouldn't be the first thing to undertake.

There are other tools besides the one I mentioned and one of them might allow you to get close enough, by messing with configuration to either produce exact result or one that you can manually modify to reach a result.

If this sort of task is something that you are going to be doing on a normal basis then you should pick a language and start learning it.

As a recommendation unless you want to be a programmer, I would use perl (a language) as an ad hoc tool to supplement other occupations.

If however you want to program then you should start with one of the object languages, probably java or C#. Those would be easier initially, I think/guess, than C++. However regardless of language choice it is going to be better, as the first step, to either take an actual class or follow a tutorial exactly, unless you have an actual real world person that can help you when problems show up. The very first steps in programming can be very difficult when relying on the web.

Re: Comparing Files for Differences

Joe Woodbury29-Sep-17 13:04

Joe Woodbury

29-Sep-17 13:04

Beyond Compare[^] can do something like that, though to actually do the write (vs. cut and paste) can be a little tricky.

Re: Comparing Files for Differences

User 5838523-Oct-17 7:28

User 583852

3-Oct-17 7:28

Take file A and split into paragraphs. Search file B for each paragraph appending them to file C when not found. Swap files A & B then repeat.

You could do this in a single command line in bash I reckon.

send notification to srvice

john563226-Sep-17 23:05

john5632

26-Sep-17 23:05

Hi,

I have a windows service (system level) and a user level MFC app (non admin rights).
I need to send some notification to service from MFC app on some instance.

Is there any way to do it?

Re: send notification to srvice

CPallini26-Sep-17 23:25

CPallini

26-Sep-17 23:25

This Code Project article looks promising: Interaction between services and applications at user level in Windows Vista[^].

To create drag and drop graphics builder

manoharbalu25-Sep-17 21:05

manoharbalu

25-Sep-17 21:05

We have an application to do chemical process engineering calculations. As an inclusion, we require a graphics builder to be integrated to bring dynamics into it. So we need to develop a graphics builder kind of application.
It should have provision to create and add a new graphics pages and to save the graphics page which is to be linked to the existing application which does the calculations.
It should have a tool box with symbols of various equipments and when we drag and drop a symbol into the graphics page, it should be placed appropriately and connected to various other equipments.

Can you please suggest me how to start and proceed as i dont know how to create drag and drop graphics builder.

Use Ctrl+Left/Right to switch messages, Ctrl+Up/Down to switch threads, Ctrl+Shift+Left/Right to switch pages.