Use ShowDialog instead of Show:
Private Sub SearchEstimatesToolStripMenuItem_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles SearchEstimatesToolStripMenuItem.Click
EstimateSearch.ShowDialog()
If SearchBox.Text > "" Then
'look for this string
End If
End Sub
That way, your parent form "waits" for the newform to close before the code continues.
But ... you should check if the user closed it positively (using an OK button) or negatively (using a Cancel button) by checking the Dialog Result, and "ask the form" for the value:
If EstimateSearchBox.ShowDialog = DialogResult.OK Then
string result = EstimateSearchBox.Result
...
End If
And provide a Property in the dialog which returns the text box content.