I am experiencing a fatal error: uncaught mysqli_SQL_exception in my edit PHP code

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Hello! I'm making a simple table for a school project and I've found this tutorial helpful
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqP0-UkIQS4">
PHP and MySQL with CRUD Operations: Create, Read, Update, Delete - YouTube
I followed everything but when it comes to updating/editing my table it always results into:

Fatal error: Uncaught mysqli_sql_exception: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use near '= `2023-03-22T11:50:28`, Number_Of_Items = `5`, Item = `Tempra`, Expiration_D...' at line 1 in C:\xampp\htdocs\Inven\edit.php:75 Stack trace: #0 C:\xampp\htdocs\Inven\edit.php(75): mysqli_query(Object(mysqli), 'UPDATE clinic_i...') #1 {main} thrown in C:\xampp\htdocs\Inven\edit.php on line 75.

Sorry for the bad english, not my first language and thank you.

What I have tried:

query($sql);
	$row = $result->fetch_assoc();

	if (!$row) {
		header("location: /inven/index.php");
		exit;
	}


$Date_Received = $row["Date_Received"];
$Number_Of_Items = $row["Number_Of_Items"];
$Item = $row["Item"];
$Expiration_Date = $row["Expiration_Date"];
$Last_Updated = $row["Last_Updated"];
$Quantity = $row["Quantity"];

}
	else{

$id = $_POST["id"];
$Date_Received = $_POST["Date_Received"];
$Number_Of_Items = $_POST["Number_Of_Items"];
$Item = $_POST["Item"];
$Expiration_Date = $_POST["Expiration_Date"];
$Last_Updated = $_POST["Last_Updated"];
$Quantity = $_POST["Quantity"];

	do {
		if ( empty($id) || 
			empty($Date_Received) || 
			empty($Number_Of_Items) || 
			empty($Item) || 
			empty($Expiration_Date) || 
			empty($Last_Updated) || 
			empty($Quantity) ) 
			{ $errorMessage= "All the Fields are required";
				break;
		} 

		$sql = "UPDATE clinic_inventory" .
			"SET Date_Received = `$Date_Received`, Number_Of_Items = `$Number_Of_Items`, Item = `$Item`, Expiration_Date = `$Expiration_Date`, Last_Updated = `$Last_Updated`, Quantity = `$Quantity`" . "WHERE id = $id";
		
			$result = mysqli_query($connection, $sql);

			if (!$result) {
			$errorMessage = "Invalid Query: " . $connection->error;
			break;
		}

			$successMessage = "Item Successfully Added";
			header("location: /inven/index.php");
			exit;
			
}	while (false);
	
}


?>

Posted 11-Mar-24 6:10am

Raiden Peñaverde

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Andre Oosthuizen · Accepted Answer · 2024-03-11T07:38:00

In SQL, single quotes should be used for string values, not backticks. Also, there's a missing space before the 'SET' in your query which reads as - "UPDATE clinic_inventorySET. Your sql should look like -

PHP

$sql = "UPDATE clinic_inventory SET " .
       "Date_Received = '$Date_Received', " .
       "Number_Of_Items = '$Number_Of_Items', " .
       "Item = '$Item', " .
       "Expiration_Date = '$Expiration_Date', " .
       "Last_Updated = '$Last_Updated', " .
       "Quantity = '$Quantity' " .
       "WHERE id = $id";

You are also leaving yourself wide open to SQL injection, you should rather use prepared statements and parameterized queries - Prepared statements and stored procedures [^]

Your code should, as a rough estimate look like this -

PHP

$sql = "UPDATE clinic_inventory SET " .
       "Date_Received = ?, " .
       "Number_Of_Items = ?, " .
       "Item = ?, " .
       "Expiration_Date = ?, " .
       "Last_Updated = ?, " .
       "Quantity = ? " .
       "WHERE id = ?";

$stmt = $connection->prepare($sql);

if ($stmt) {
    $stmt->bind_param("ssssssi", $Date_Received, $Number_Of_Items, $Item, $Expiration_Date, $Last_Updated, $Quantity, $id);

    $stmt->execute();

    if ($stmt->affected_rows > 0) {
        //Your query was successful...
        $successMessage = "Item Successfully Added";
        header("location: /inven/index.php");
        exit;
    } else {
        //Handle error/s...
        $errorMessage = "Error updating item: " . $stmt->error;
    }

    $stmt->close();
} else {
    //Handle error/s...
    $errorMessage = "Error preparing statement: " . $connection->error;
}