Short answer: no.
Slightly longer answer:
RSS is a web-feed format, you're going to have to poll the web server for the updated status. At least if you want the solution to be generic for any RSS feed as the standard doesn't cover notifying on update.
If, on the other hand, you only want to listen to a feed you own then you could possibly set up some sort of
long polling[
^] solution. This would move a way from the pull approach that is used by RSS and would make it a very different type of service.
/Fredrik