The code
panel1.Controls.OfType<usercontrol1>().Select(uc => uc.comboBox2).Any(cb => cb.Text == String.Empty);</usercontrol1>
can be splitted into three pieces:
panel1.Controls.OfType<usercontrol1>()</usercontrol1>
filter[
^] panel1 controls only of type UserControl1.
.Select(uc => uc.comboBox2)
select[
^] comboBox2 property/field of that UserControl1 instance.
.Any(cb => cb.Text == String.Empty);
Check if
any[
^] satifies above condition (text is empty).
In human language (in reverse order): Check, if there is any occurrence of ComboBox with empty text inside controls of type UserControl1 within the panel1.