C / C++ / MFC

9-Sep-08 5:16

I'm losing my mind over some Unicode issue and hopefully someone can help me out. I haven't done a ton of MFC stuff before, so hopefully it's a simple problem.

I've Unicode enabled in this project because I've got a 3rd party library that requires it. I've subclassed CListBox to get a list box that shows multiple lines per item. I'm overriding DrawItem and MeasureItem. In DrawItem I have the following lines for drawing text:

LPCTSTR lpszText = (LPCTSTR) lpDrawItemStruct->itemData;
...
dc.DrawText(lpszText, _tcslen(lpszText), &lpDrawItemStruct->rcItem, DT_LEFT | DT_TOP | DT_WORDBREAK);

In my main dialog class I add data to the list box like this:

m_ProductList.AddString((LPCTSTR)updates[i]->ToString().c_str());

And my text comes out looking like garbage. Usually Chinese characters. I can get the output to look correct if I do:

m_ProductList.AddString(TEXT("yoyoyoyoy\nzomgzomg\nblabla"));

I tried looking at what the TEXT macro does, but the farthest I can get is that is is an alias for L## which is difficult to google.

I've tried a lot of stuff and nothing has worked. I've tried: MultiByteToWideChar, CT2CW, A2W, and some other stuff.

My understanding of this issue is that I've got a UTF-8 encoded string from an XML file that's stored in a std::string. Then, since I'm using Unicode, DrawText is actually DrawTextW. So, I have to convert my string to Unicode, but nothing seems to be able to do that conversion.

Thanks,
Nick

Mark Salsbery9-Sep-08 5:30

9-Sep-08 5:30

Instead of trying a bunch of stuff, it may be easier to take a close
look at the type of the characters in your strings.

A good clue is the need for casts. You shouldn't need any casts.
If you do, then look at why.

For example:
m_ProductList.AddString((LPCTSTR)updates[i]->ToString().c_str());

Why the cast to LPCTSTR?

Mark Salsbery
Microsoft MVP - Visual C++
Java | [Coffee]

thebeekeeper9-Sep-08 5:37

9-Sep-08 5:37

I was a little confused about that part too. If I don't cast it, I get a compile error: cannont convert from const char* to LPCTSTR. I always thought those were the same thing.

Another odd part of this problem is that when I use a standard CListBox, I can correctly add items to it like this:

USES_CONVERSION;
CA2CT converted(updates[i]->ToString().c_str());
m_UpdateBox.AddString(converted)

Which makes it seem like I'm incorrectly calling DrawText in my subclass because when I add the same text to my list box I get bad data on the display.

Mark Salsbery9-Sep-08 5:45

9-Sep-08 5:45

thebeekeeper wrote:
I get a compile error: cannont convert from const char* to LPCTSTR. I always thought those were the same thing.

That's exactly what I'm talking about Smile | :)

That's a perfect example why
casting away problems is BAD. C++ is a strongly typed language - know
your data types!

No, LPCTSTR is NOT the same as a char *.

Here's the macro breakdown for LPCTSTR:
LP = long pointer
C = constant
T = generic-character-type (wchar_t for Unicode builds, else char)
STR = string

thebeekeeper wrote:
when I use a standard CListBox, I can correctly add items to it like this:

Yes, because you're converting the string to the type the
listbox is expecting.

Mark Salsbery
Microsoft MVP - Visual C++
Java | [Coffee]

thebeekeeper9-Sep-08 6:09

9-Sep-08 6:09

Thanks for that tip on data types. I never realized LPCTSTR was just an alias for the generic string type of the build.

I guess this is really what I don't understand. CA2CT converts ASCII to wchar_t since this is a Unicode build, right?

CListBox::AddItem expects LPCTSTR. But this is actually a LPCWSTR, right? So, why does converting with CA2CT work with the stock CListBox and not my subclass? CListBox::DrawItem has to be calling DrawTextW, which is the same thing I'm calling.

Mark Salsbery9-Sep-08 6:22

9-Sep-08 6:22

thebeekeeper wrote:
CA2CT converts ASCII to wchar_t since this is a Unicode build, right?

Right. A is ANSI, T is generic...A2T is ANSI to generic.

thebeekeeper wrote:
why does converting with CA2CT work with the stock CListBox and not my subclass?

Is the source string already a Unicode (wchar_t) string?

Mark Salsbery
Microsoft MVP - Visual C++
Java | [Coffee]

thebeekeeper9-Sep-08 6:36

9-Sep-08 6:36

No, it's coming out of std::string c_str(), so it's a const char*. There's no way that can be Unicode, right?

Also, if I use OutputDebugString, it works after I use the CA2W conversion and looks correct in the output window. So, I've got this:

USES_CONVERSION;
CA2W converted(updates[i]->ToString().c_str());
// CListBox -- looks right
m_UpdateBox.AddString(converted);
// CMyListBox -- looks wrong
m_ProductList.AddString(converted);
// Output window -- looks right
OutputDebugString(converted);

I'm starting to think I'm pulling out bad data in my DrawItem method, but I copied that code from MSDN, so it can't be wrong OMG | :OMG:

Mark Salsbery9-Sep-08 7:09

9-Sep-08 7:09

thebeekeeper wrote:
it's coming out of std::string c_str(), so it's a const char*. There's no way that can be Unicode, right?

Right, but a deeper question is why are you using a string
type hardwired to char in a Unicode environment?

I recommend using generic string types everywhere in
an MFC app. MFC does, so it works out nice when we do.
Using all generics makes any code you write compilable in
both Unicode and non-Unicode builds, just like MFC. Plus
you don't need to do all those string conversions, which are
inefficient.

If you must use STL strings, you could make your own generic
string class:

typedef std::basic_string<TCHAR, char_traits<TCHAR>,
	allocator<TCHAR>>  genericstdstring;

Use genericstdstring in place of std::string.

thebeekeeper wrote:
but I copied that code from MSDN, so it can't be wrong

Umm...if you say so Smile | :)

Mark Salsbery
Microsoft MVP - Visual C++
Java | [Coffee]

thebeekeeper9-Sep-08 6:59

9-Sep-08 6:59

AHA! I just figured out that I'm doing the conversion correctly (maybe), the problem is I have bad data to convert.

I inspected the memory location that lpDrawItemStruct->itemData was pointing to, and it looked like garbage. So, I added a method to my class where I can send text and store it in a vector. Then, in DrawItem I just look in my own vector for strings to draw, and everything works fine.

I guess this works for now, but I'd really like to know how to get my string out of itemData so I can use AddString on my list box like a normal person.

The only idea that I have right now is that my initial cast in DrawItem is bad.

LPCTSTR lpszText = (LPCTSTR) lpDrawItemStruct->itemData;

I don't see how this could be bad since that's exactly what I'm passing to AddString. The strange this is that it works when I pass in a literal with TEXT("..."), but not a converted const char* from string.c_str().

Thanks for your help!

Mark Salsbery9-Sep-08 7:17

9-Sep-08 7:17

thebeekeeper wrote:
The only idea that I have right now is that my initial cast in DrawItem is bad.

That cast is valid and necessary, since
DRAWITEMSTRUCT.itemData is a ULONG_PTR.

I'm not sure why you're getting garbage there...

Mark Salsbery
Microsoft MVP - Visual C++
Java | [Coffee]

Mark Salsbery9-Sep-08 7:19

9-Sep-08 7:19

thebeekeeper wrote:
The strange this is that it works when I pass in a literal with TEXT("..."), but not a converted const char* from string.c_str().

Ooops I missed that part Smile | :)

What conversion are you using there?
Are you sure that conversion is succeeding?
I'm thinking no Smile | :)

Mark Salsbery
Microsoft MVP - Visual C++
Java | [Coffee]

thebeekeeper9-Sep-08 7:25

9-Sep-08 7:25

I'm using the same CA2W conversion that I use on a const char* from c_str(). And no, it doesn't work, but the strange thing is that it's like the data is going bad when I pass it into CMyList::AddString().

So, if I create a LPCWSTR hello = TEXT("hello") and pass it into CListBox and CMyList::AddString everything works fine.

But! If I do a CA2W conversion and pass it into both of those same methods, it works for CListBox, but now for CMyList. Dead | X|

Mark Salsbery9-Sep-08 7:31

9-Sep-08 7:31

thebeekeeper wrote:
I'm using the same CA2W conversion

Why did you switch to CA2W, when the generic CA2CT was the
appropriate conversion?

Again, why is the conversion even necessary? Do you really
need to use char type strings anywhere? char has been pretty much
obsolete for a decade Smile | :)

Mixing hardwired character types and generic types causes
problems like these, which is why I recommend using the
generic types.

Mark Salsbery
Microsoft MVP - Visual C++
Java | [Coffee]

led mike9-Sep-08 5:32

led mike

9-Sep-08 5:32

Have you looked at this article?[^]

led mike

Embedded Data

claman9-Sep-08 5:05

claman

9-Sep-08 5:05

What is the best way to embed hard data directly to a chip (preferably using C++)?

CPallini9-Sep-08 5:35

9-Sep-08 5:35

claytoncruppenink wrote:
What is the best way to embed hard data directly to a chip

Buy a scalpel.
Big Grin | :-D

i.e. you should at least be more specific.
Smile | :)

If the Lord God Almighty had consulted me before embarking upon the Creation, I would have recommended something simpler.
-- Alfonso the Wise, 13th Century King of Castile.

This is going on my arrogant assumptions. You may have a superb reason why I'm completely wrong.
-- Iain Clarke

[My articles]

toxcct9-Sep-08 5:43

toxcct

9-Sep-08 5:43

can you please indicate the procedure to buy a scalpel and how I can use it in C++ with a chip please.

thx, it's urgentzzzzz

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enhzflep9-Sep-08 5:47

enhzflep

9-Sep-08 5:47

okay, but only if you iz abuzing drugz Dead | X|

Perspx9-Sep-08 6:12

Perspx

9-Sep-08 6:12

Do you want codez with that? Roll eyes | :rolleyes:

Regards,
--Perspx

Don't trust a computer you can't throw out a window

-- Steve Wozniak

CPallini9-Sep-08 6:13

9-Sep-08 6:13

Ready-to-use code at
www.cpallini.freeproductz.com[^]
Big Grin | :-D

Hamid_RT9-Sep-08 8:21

Hamid_RT

9-Sep-08 8:21

I think your magic site is very helpful here. Smile | :)

CPallini9-Sep-08 9:30

9-Sep-08 9:30

Hamid. wrote:
I think your magic site is very helpful here.

Indeed.

OT: Hamid it has been a long time since I saw one of your posts, how do you do?
Smile | :)

Hamid_RT9-Sep-08 20:32

Hamid_RT

9-Sep-08 20:32

I had a good trip,I decided to see some eparchys in iran of north till center,it was very good,two different weathers at north eparchys weather was rainy and humid,rainy is not problem but humid was very bad (and my camera is ruined now)but it's great and verdurous,at center weather was very hot and dry but I think my city is better than of them you can see famous historical mosques, and bridges in this city and it has beautiful paintings,valuble carpets and handiwork,I believe isfahan and italia are near together.BTW did you read this book Italia ed esfahan(angelo michele PIEMONTESE). Wink | ;)

CPallini9-Sep-08 21:06