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The result of an expression is temporary, and it is destroyed an the and of the expression evaluation.
In your first case, you are getting a temporary string as a result of s1+s2, whose buffer pointer is saved in s. After that, the expression finish, the temporary is destroyed, and so it is its buffer and s is left dangling. You had been lucky in having printed nothing. accessing a deleted buffer can even result in a crash.
In your second example, the temporary string resulting from s1+s2 is kept alive until the expression it belongs ( cout<<(s1+s2).c_str()<<endl; ) is evaluated. Hence its buffer (renturned from c_str()) is still there at the time its pointer is given to cout.
Your first sample works correctly if you retain the string:
void SetStr(string& s1, string& s2)
{
string ss;
ss = s1+s2;
const char* s = ss.c_str();
cout << s << endl;
}
2 bugs found.
> recompile ...
65534 bugs found.
modified 22-Feb-12 14:48pm.
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Great answer.
You miss an underscore in your sample code.
--Carlo The Nitpick
Veni, vidi, vici.
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But no applause for this guy standard c_str() problem in C++[^] 
but why do we have two forums on the same subject. Sorry I'm just outta the rock.
Starting to think people post kid pics in their profiles because that was the last time they were cute - Jeremy.
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I'm running a cosmetic loop, and I think I should check to see if the CreateProcess is still running. I've seen other post for the same thing, but could not remember the nomenclature for it.
Just looking for recommendations
I played around with checking the exit code, but I know it's not the proper way to do it
GetExitCodeProcess(pi.hProcess, (unsigned long *)&exit_status);
if (exit_status != 259)
break;
My CreateProcess
if (CreateProcess(sz_SQLServer_Install_FileName, szParameters, NULL, NULL, FALSE, CREATE_DEFAULT_ERROR_MODE | NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS, 0, sz_SQLServer_Install_FolderPath, &si, &pi) ) {
while(WAIT_TIMEOUT == WaitForSingleObject(pi.hProcess, 10)) {
MSG oMSG;
while(::PeekMessage(&oMSG, NULL, 0,0, PM_NOREMOVE)) {
if(::GetMessage(&oMSG, NULL, 0,0) ) {
::TranslateMessage(&oMSG);
::DispatchMessage(&oMSG);
}
else {
break;
}
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Hi Jim,
What problems are you having? The call to GetExitCodeProcess looks good to me although not sure why you needed the cast on exit_status.
Also... WaitForSingleObject will return WAIT_OBJECT_0 when the process has exited.
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The original problem that lead to the question was that when the program running in the process was canceled, or halted due to a requirement missing, the cosmetic loop would still be running, instead of exiting and sending the appropriate message to the message pump to go to the next stage. So I added the GetExitCode to double check that the process was still running, or if the process had been halted.
Just didn't think my quick fix was the correct way to check, and just wanted to do it right.
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jkirkerx wrote: The original problem that lead to the question was that when the program running in the process was canceled, or halted due to a requirement missing, the cosmetic loop would still be running, instead of exiting and sending the appropriate message to the message pump to go to the next stage.
I actually have something to say about this. I have noticed over the last few years that many of the younger junior programmers coming out of college are no longer using exit codes. I have noticed this in many of the recent Microsoft products and applications from various other software vendors. I believe it is probably because most of us older engineers have experience with the Unix and DOS shell and have extensively used exit codes in bash,cshrc scripts and/or DOS batch files.
Unfortunately since the installer you are using is not returning an exit code upon cancellation... you may need to think outside the box and come up with a creative way to determine if your installer has completed. I noticed that one of your variable names was associated with Microsoft SQL Server... so maybe you could check the registry keys under the tree: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\
Finally, I would encourage you (and anyone reading this) to think of this experience as a lesson; Exit codes might be useful to someone... rather than always return 0; consider returning a useful value that reflects the outcome of the task.
-Best Wishes,
-David Delaune
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I was considering doing something like that.
Chunk is saying to dump my line of code, and trust the WaitForSingleObject.
I do know the name of the SQL Server installation process, just an idea.
Let me run some more test with and without the cancel after removing the lines, and see what happens again. They take 30 minute each for a full run. Back tomorrow.
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There's nothing wrong with using WaitForSingleObject() on the hProcess returned from CreateProcess(). Its very purpose is to give you a waitable object that's signalled when the process teminates. Until it terminates, the GetExitCodeProcess() cannot tell you the exit code 
Some folks might comment on the fact that your wait loop includes a message pump which implies that you are waiting during processing of a GUI element / button but to each his own. This works.
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Cool.
Well I'm not getting the exit code, but I do get a still active code which is OK for now.
Thanks Chuck.
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That's the defined behavior of GetExitCodeProcess(). The exit code does not exist until the process exits! The defined return is "Still Active", meaning "No exit code exists", or colloquially expressed, "Yo, Dude, What Exit Code? It Ain't Exited Yet".
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If no one has an objection to the GetExitCodeProcess in the loop, I'll stick with it because it works. I just thought it was completely wrong to use, or perhaps I'm just getting better at this.
if (CreateProcess(sz_SQLServer_Install_FileName, szParameters, NULL, NULL, FALSE, CREATE_DEFAULT_ERROR_MODE | NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS, 0, sz_SQLServer_Install_FolderPath, &si, &pi) ) {
while(WAIT_TIMEOUT == WaitForSingleObject(pi.hProcess, 10)) {
MSG oMSG;
while(::PeekMessage(&oMSG, NULL, 0,0, PM_NOREMOVE)) {
if(::GetMessage(&oMSG, NULL, 0,0) ) {
::TranslateMessage(&oMSG);
::DispatchMessage(&oMSG);
}
else {
break;
}
if (ndx != 100) {
SendMessage(g_SQLServer_Install_Progress_Bar, PBM_SETPOS, (WPARAM)ndx, 0);
UpdateWindow(g_SQLServer_Install_MDIWindow);
Sleep(100);
++ndx;
}
else {
if( iMO == 0 ) {
SetWindowText(g_SQLServer_Install_Progress_Text, L"Installation may take up to 30 minutes");
iMO = 1;
}
else {
SetWindowText(g_SQLServer_Install_Progress_Text, L"Installing Microsoft SQL Server Express 2008");
iMO = 0;
}
UpdateWindow(g_SQLServer_Install_MDIWindow);
ndx = 0;
}
GetExitCodeProcess(pi.hProcess, (unsigned long *)&exit_status);
if (exit_status != 259)
break;
}
}
GetExitCodeProcess(pi.hProcess, (unsigned long *)&exit_status);
if (exit_status == 0) {
SendMessage(g_SQLServer_Install_MDIWindow, WM_COMMAND, (WPARAM)g_SQLServer_Install_IDC_COMMAND, (LPARAM)g_SQLServer_Install_IDM_COMPLETE );
}
else {
SendMessage(g_SQLServer_Install_MDIWindow, WM_COMMAND, (WPARAM)g_SQLServer_Install_IDC_COMMAND, (LPARAM)g_SQLServer_Install_IDM_CANCEL );
}
CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
exitCode = 1;
bResult = TRUE;
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Well, the call inside the loop is pretty useless but if it makes you happy...
The sole purpose, as written, is to cause the big while loop to break out if the response is anything but "still running". But the WaitForSingleObject() returning anything other than "WAIT_TIMEOUT" (that is, WAIT_OBJECT_0) also breaks out of the loop (the "else clause") which will happen as soon as the thread stops running (which sets the exit code and signals the hProcess object).
Now, I'll grant you that by having the call at the bottom of the while loop may cause you to notice the process termination a couple of microseconds earlier than if you went to the top of the loop but you counter act that miniscule gain by discarding the status you might have received then and issue another GetExitCodeProcess() immediately upon exiting the while loop.
So, it adds nothing to the code, adds processing at each iteration. But, like I said, if it makes you happy ....
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HA, I just read the documentation on GetExitCodeProcess()[^] (twice to be sure).
If I were a malicious / devious person, I'd write my process to "return 259;" as the exit status. Since GetExitCodeProcess() returns either status STILL_ACTIVE or the return code from the process. If 259 is my exit code, following Microsoft's method for testing the status would be fooled into thinking the process is still running. Does this count as "Amusing Microsoft API Tricks"
Anyway, WaitForSingleObject() on the hProcess object is the only way to be sure.
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Hmm.
So if I just removed my GetExitCode from the loop, I'm good to go?
It's not that I like it.
I'll remove it and run the test again a couple of more times, just to make sure.
Thanks Chuck
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Jim,
I observe that you are passing a variable named sz_SQLServer_Install_FileName to CreateProcess which would obviously imply that you are installing SQL Server. Are you using a MSI installer? According to the documentation... the MsiExec.exe and InstMsi.exe MSI installers will return useful status/error codes.
Error Codes[^]
Best Wishes,
-David Delaune
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I'm running these programs. I think Microsoft wrote the installer.
I just finished running the test, and put the line back in. Can't detect a cancel when I click the red X square during the expansion of the files to the temp dir. With the line, I can detect the click. So I guess the line is useful. I just want to cover my butt, who knows what the user will do.
So I detect the cancel, use the message pump to acknowledge the cancel, messagebox, start the installation again.
WCHAR *szFileName_X86 = L"SQLEXPRADV_x86_ENU.EXE";
WCHAR *szFileName_X64 = L"SQLEXPRADV_x64_ENU.EXE";
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Thanks for your help last night Randor. Your open and closed probe questions help me understand why I needed that line of code, to detect if the process was still running.
It did not dawn on me that that the exit code came from the program that I was running, and that I can't trust the program to produce an exit code upon exit.
As far as the WaitForSingleObject goes, I have it set for 10, because I needed the cosmetic loop to run, and needed to be able to send messages to the pump.
I like the way it is, so I will leave it, and add something to make a check for completion, like checking to see if the final install log file exist or something.
I was tired last night so I left the office.
FYI:
Almost done with the initial version of my program, and everything actually works. I was able to translate all my vb programs so far which amazes me. Should be done by the end of the month, and will then make the deployment package.
Going to need some alpha testers, I wonder if Code Project can help me with that.
Thanks
jkirker
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Hi,
i am confused about the two. Can someone explain what is the difference and when would one use one or the other?
Thanks
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Are you talking about implicit vs. explicit linking?
"One man's wage rise is another man's price increase." - Harold Wilson
"Fireproof doesn't mean the fire will never come. It means when the fire comes that you will be able to withstand it." - Michael Simmons
"Show me a community that obeys the Ten Commandments and I'll show you a less crowded prison system." - Anonymous
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dynamic linking: your code is built to use functions in a shared library; your code runs, the OS finds the shared lib and gives you access to the functions you need.
dynamic loading: your code can discover, load and execute code from shared libraries. but the shared libraries might not even exist at run time. your code explicitly loads the shared library. best example of this is plugins.
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What is the highest concurrent rate of a server,
5000?
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Rate of what?
Please, if you must post questions then think about what you are trying to discover, and give proper details.
Unrequited desire is character building. OriginalGriff
I'm sitting here giving you a standing ovation - Len Goodman
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Hi,
Your question is porrly poorly written because "concurrent rate of a server" is a vague description. I am assuming that you mean to write "concurrent socket connections to a server".
If I am correct then you should have a look in your registry at:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters
Most Microsoft operating systems have the MaxUserPort value set to a default value of 5000. Yes, this is the maximum number sockets that can be connected to a server.
Best Wishes,
-David Delaune
Heh, yes my answer was poorly written! I have fixed the spelling!
modified 21-Feb-12 20:19pm.
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Hi All.
I call the following when I need to save a report in my MFC base program:
m_pEndThread = AfxBeginThread(Save2CWGCoilRep, &m_CoilRep[iCRepPos], THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL,0,0);
UINT Save2CWGCoilRep(LPVOID pParam)
{
I use CStdioFile to them save data to file
}
Then before I save another report, I will call
if(m_pEndCoilThread != NULL)
::WaitForSingleObject(m_pEndCoilThread->m_hThread, INFINITE);
to see if the thread is finished before calling again to save another report. And if not just wait. It seems in Win7 now, this call will not exit so that the program will just freeze. It does not freeze all the time, seems random. In WinXP, the same program seems not to have this problem. I am not sure what I am missing.
Any help or suggestion will be appreciated. Thanks!
Stan the man
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